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Effects of Supplemental Irrigation on Crop Yields: Case Study Kales (Brassica Oleracea) Crop

Maina Jedidah, Wandiga Shem, Gyampoh Benjamin, Gachene Charles

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2020

Vol. 21, nr 2

209--213

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects that supplemental irrigation (SI) has on the Kale (Brassica Oleracea) crop yields as compared to the wholly rain-fed crop. The experiments were conducted in Kieni, Central Kenya where the rainfall pattern was bimodal. The planting for rain-fed crops was done in three blocks, each measuring 10×1 m with a spacing of 30 cm between plants and 45 cm between the rows of plants; the procedure was repeated for the crops receiving SI. The average weekly yields were computed for both crops for each season comprised of 14 weeks. The average weekly yields were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine whether the average yields from the rain-fed and supplemental irrigated crops were statistically different. This was done with MS Excel 2016 spread sheets by setting a statistical level of significance of 5%. The F value was 17.94 higher than the critical value of 4.01 while the P-value of 9×10–5 was lower than the 5% level of confidence meaning that there was a significant difference in the yield means of the rain-fed and SI crops. The total rain-fed crop yields for the period was 147.0 Kgs and that of the one under SI was 238 Kgs, an increase of about 62%. Therefore, supplemental irrigation can be adopted in the areas where rainfall trends are declining to increase the crop yields when all other factors remain constant for farmers – to increase resilience.

Study of water management on rainfed land in downstream Renggung watershed

Fahrudin, Idris M. H., Mahrup

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

2017

Vol. 5, Iss. 1

29--35

The downstream area of Renggung Watershed is a water conservation zone which is also dominated by rainfed land with dominant vertisol soil-clay fraction. Watershed downstream reaches 40% and is 30% of total area of Renggung Watershed. Rainfed farming is a factor in dry land farming, but the presence of rainfed land in downstream Renggung watershed does not receive intensification treatment as water becomes a limiting factor for plant growth. About 87-90% rainfall events in downstream Renggung watershed happen during the rainy season, from November to April, with 3-4 wet months, while about 10-13% happen during the dry season, from May to October. This means that water is abundant in wet months, but there is a shortage of water during the dry period. Based on zone group, 72% of potential water from rainfall occurs in the downstream zone, 18.3% occurs in the middle zone, and 10.4% in the upstream zone. Three quarters of potential water from rainfall occurs in downstream. Water management on rainfed land in downstream Renggung watershed is still not optimum, which is caused by (a) dependence on supply of water downstream from HLD BR, but discharge has declines in the last six months; (b) poor water management at the farming level, because plants are not cultivated in the right season; and (c) poor management institutions and water user groups, so forums to facilitate and mediate issues in terms of management and use of irrigation water is not optimal.