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Impact of rainfall intensity on soil erosion based on experimental research

Majewski Mikołaj, Czuchaj Aleksandra, Marciniak Marek

Landform Analysis

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2023

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Vol. 42

25--36

EN

Soil erosion by water is influenced by a major morphogenetic factor – precipitation. Surface runoff, initiated by rainfall, plays a key role in this process. This article addresses the effects of rainfall intensity and soil moisture on soil erosion through a series of rainfall simulations of different intensity and duration. The implementation of measurements at a research station located in the Różany Stream catchment in Poznań made it possible to study the entire water balance within the slope, including precipitation, evaporation, surface runoff and infiltration. The study included various rainfall intensities, with a focus on extreme events reflecting ongoing climate change and increasing anthropopressure. Rainfall simulations were conducted on both dry and wet ground. The results showed that increasing rainfall intensity led to greater surface runoff and soil loss. Moreover, soil moisture was identified as a critical factor affecting soil erosion, with wetter conditions reducing soil loss while increasing surface runoff.

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The Effect of Land Management on the Retention Capacity of Agricultural Land in the Conditions of Climate Change – Case Study

Podhrázská Jana, Kučera Josef, Karásek Petr, Szturc Jan, Konečná Jana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 1

258--266

EN

The water retention capacity of a territory is mainly defined by the land conditions, type of soil cover and manner of land management. The manifestations of the climate change reflect the need for better water capture from precipitation in agricultural catchment areas. The effect of the soil cover on the water retention capacity was studied in two localities with different soil types (chernozem and cambisol). The results have shown significant effects of permanent grass covers on increasing the water retention capacity. The mean retention capacity measured at permanent grass covers was 1.7-fold higher than at arable land. The soil type did not play a significant role. To some extent, the retention capacity is also influenced by the used agro-technology. After stubble-tillage, the water from precipitation was better infiltrated by arable land than by permanent grass cover. However, during a major part of the vegetation period, arable land is at the rest, and the short-term increase of its retention capacity has no impact on the overall outcome.

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Evaluation of the efciency of the rainfall simulator to achieve a regional model of erosion (case study: Toroq watershed in the east north of Iran)

Farajzadeh S., Khaleghi M. R.

Acta Geophysica

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2020

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Vol. 68, no. 5

1477--1488

EN

The purpose of this study was to obtain the regional model of erosion according to the specifc climatic, adaptive, and other conditions of the Toroq watershed located in the east north of Khorasan Razavi province. To conduct this research, frst, the homogeneous units were prepared using slope maps, lithology, land use, and erosion forms in a Geographic Information System environment. Then, to optimize the number of homogeneous units, the cluster analysis method was used in Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software. The diagnostic analysis confrmed the accuracy of cluster analysis inho mogeneous regions. Field operations were carried out in homogeneous units with the establishment of a rainfall simulator and also the application of 30-min rainfall intensity with a return period of 10 years. Also, the collected soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory. After performing statistical analyses in the SPSS environment, the variables afecting erosion were determined and prioritized. Then, through the use of multivariate linear regression and step-by-step and interpolation methods, the equations for estimating the amount of erosion were determined. Finally, the multivariate linear model of plot erosion was prepared using the step-by-step method using two variables of plot slope and land use. The model was selected for estimating erosion after examining diferent validation methods based on less RE and less RMSE, higher R, low signifcance coefcient (Sig < 0.05), and also fewer inputs.

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The impact of the soil additives application on the rainwater surface runoff

Drgoňová K., Novotná B., Antal J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 5

22--26

EN

The main aim of this work was the application of the soil additives into soil and the study of their impact on the amount of surface runoff originating from rainwater. Execution of research was carried out on the modified portion of the land at Department of Biometeorology and Hydrology, SUA Slovakia. Land was divided into four experimental plots. Individual treatments consisted of application of perlite, charcoal and water glass into the top layer of the experimental plots. The fourth experimental field was kept as a black fallow (control). To perform the measurements, rainfall simulator was used in six measurement series. We can conclude that the application of perlite is not an adequate treatment for erosion control practices, since its application increased the surface runoff. Increased application dose of additives resulted in the positive effects of the water glass application. Surface runoff for this treatment decreased in average by about 41% in comparison to control. This positive effect was observed only after the second application of the soil additives.