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1

Application of radiotracers as tools to determine feed flowrate imbalances and particle size segregation in industrial flotation circuits

Diaz Francisco, Barrientos Nelson

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 5

art. no. 174817

EN

This publication presents the application of radiotracers in the characterization of industrial flotation circuits. Two examples are showcased: the detection of feed flow rate imbalances and the characterization of particle size segregation in automatic mineral-cutting machines. The feed pulp distribution was determined from the mean residence times. Particle size segregation was measured by sampling the cutting machines (≅ 25 grams samples) using coarse, intermediate, and fine-sized radiotracer particles. Radiotracers were injected into the feed streams and measured at various points of the circuit using nuclear instruments, allowing for non-invasive and real time detection. Results show that in the rougher flotation stage, the feed flow is distributed almost evenly in lines 2 and 3 (approximately 38% of the flow goes to each line) and to a lesser extent towards line 4 (approximately 24%). In lines 1 and 2 of the scavenger stage, a higher percentage of the flow goes towards line 1 (approximately 59%) and a lower percentage towards line 2 (41%). Line 6 of the rougher flotation is the fastest of the circuit (shortest residence time). In addition, the inlet mineral-cutting machine of the rougher stage segregates particles with a bias for fine sizes (11.4 % more fine-sized particles than coarse ones). This work is an example of how radiotracer technology can be applied to improve metal production and processes. Radiotracers provide reliable information to be used in combination with other metallurgical data to properly assess flotation circuits.

2

Prompt gamma-ray methods for industrial process evaluation : a simulation study

Mohammed Mohammed Siddig H., Alhawsawi Abdulsalam M., Aljohani M. S., Damoom Mohammed M., Banoqitah Essam M., Elmoujarkach Ezzat

Nukleonika

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2022

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Vol. 67, No. 1

11--18

EN

Radioisotope applications in industrial process inspection and evaluation using gamma-ray emitters provide otherwise unavailable information. Offering alternative gamma-ray sources can support the technology by complementing sources’ availability and radiation safety. This work proposes to replace gamma-ray from radioisotopes with prompt gamma-ray from the interaction of neutrons with stable isotopes injected into the industrial process or with the structural material of the industrial process equipment. Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP5) was used to simulate the irradiation of two-phase fl ow pipes by 252Cf neutron source. Two simulations were run for each pipe, with and without mixing the liquid phase with the stable isotope 157Gd. The detected gamma-ray spectra were analysed, and images of the two phases inside the pipes were produced. The images were compared to images obtained from simulations of gamma transmission measurement using 60Co. Furthermore, results for prompt gamma computed tomography (CT) were presented and discussed. The studies’ outcomes indicate the potential of prompt gamma-ray to carry out the sealed sources applications of gamma transmission measurements and imaging.

3

A virtual laboratory for radiotracer and sealed-source applications in industry

Mohammed Mohammed Siddig H., Banoqitah Essam M., Elmoujarkach Ezzat, Alhawsawi Abdulsalam M., Djouider Fathi

Nukleonika

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2021

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Vol. 66, No. 1

21--27

EN

Radioactive sealed sources and radiotracer techniques are used to diagnose industrial process units. This work introduces a workspace to simulate four sealed sources and radiotracer applications, namely, gamma scanning of distillation columns, gamma scanning of pipes, gamma transmission tomography, and radiotracer fl ow rate measurements. The workspace was created in Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) simulation toolkit and was called Industrial Radioisotope Applications Virtual Laboratory. The fl exibility of GATE and the fact that it is an open-source software render it advantageous to radioisotope technology practitioners, educators, and students. The comparison of the simulation results with experimental results that are available in the literature showed the effectiveness of the virtual laboratory.

4

ICARST 2017

Latek S.

Postępy Techniki Jądrowej

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2017

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z. 2

9--11

PL

W artykule omówiono przebieg i tematykę konferencji zorganizowanej po raz pierwszy przez Międzynarodową Agencję Energii Atomowej na temat zastosowań nauki o promieniowaniu i technik radiacyjnych. Wyeksponowano udział naukowców polskich w konferencji, a w szczególności odnotowano obecność licznej grupy pracowników Instytutu Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej. W artykule wspomniano o wystawie towarzyszącej konferencji, podczas której na specjalnym stoisku swoje osiągnięcia prezentował właśnie Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej.

EN

In the below article the course and topics of 1st International Conference on Applications of Radiation Science and Technology (ICARST) are described. The Conference was organized by the IAEA at the end of April in Vienna. The engagement and contribution of the Polish scientists during the Conference are emphasized, especially the presence of the substantial group of the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology’s employees. This article also mentions the exhibition accompanying the Conference, where the activity and achievements of the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology were presented at a special stand.

5

Wybrane zagadnienia z zakresu stosowania izotopów promieniotwórczych w badaniach chemiczno-rolniczych. Jubileusz 100-lecia przyznania Nagrody Nobla z dziedziny chemii Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie

Sapek B.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2012

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T. 12, z. 1

153-166

PL

Celem opracowania było przypomnienie i przybliżenie w 2011r. - Międzynarodowym Roku Chemii oraz Jubileuszowym Roku Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie (1867-1934) - Jej wkładu w naukę światową i wiedzę o promieniotwórczości oraz w dziedzinę chemii, dzięki któremu był możliwy również dynamiczny rozwój nauk rolniczych oraz nauki o środowisku. W pracy przedstawiono niektóre metody radiochemiczne wykorzystywane w badaniach chemiczno-rolniczych. Na wybranych przykładach omówiono stosowanie izotopów promieniotwórczych - atomów znaczonych jako metodę badawczą zdarzeń i procesów, również ich przebiegu, w czasie historycznym Ziemi i człowieka oraz obecnie. Wskaźniki promieniotwórcze wykorzystano w badaniach przyczyn, dróg oraz dynamiki procesów przebiegających w glebach i roślinach (np. 40K, 32P, 59Fe, 15O) również do wyznaczenia wieku skał, minerałów, osadów oraz gleby (np. 14C, 238U, 235U, 232Th), a także w badaniach obiegu pierwiastków i ich promieniotwórczych izotopów w łańcuchu pokarmowym człowieka (np. 40K, 137Cs, 90Sr, 131I, 45Ca, 32P). Dalszy dynamiczny rozwój wiedzy oraz technik radiochemicznych umożliwił badania i monitoring rozproszonych w środowisku przyrodniczym radioizotopów naturalnych (np.40K, 238U, 210Pb, 210Po, 226Ra) i sztucznych (np. 32P, 59Fe, 60Co, 131I, 137Cs, 90Sr, 99Te), wprowadzonych do niego wskutek eksplozji nuklearnych, awarii reaktorów w elektrowniach jądrowych, a także pochodzących z różnego rodzaju odpadów promieniotwórczych. Stosowanie radioizotopów w laboratoryjnych badaniach procesów, odbywających się w warunkach kontrolowanych, umożliwia opis i ocenę ich przebiegu w środowisku przyrodniczym.

EN

Regarding the celebration of the 2011 as an International Year of Chemistry as well as the 100th anniversary of the awarding Maria Skłodowska-Curie (1867-1934) with individual Nobel Prize, the aim of this paper is to remind and illustrate the contribution of Maria Skłodowska-Curie to the world of science and to knowledge about radioactivity and chemistry. Thanks to Her achievements, dynamic development of agricultural and environmental sciences was also possible. The application of radioisotopes as a method of studying the events and processes in the Earth's history and human past and presence are discussed using selected examples. Radioactive tracers (for example 40K, 32P, 59Fe, 15O) were used to study the reasons, ways and dynamics of processes in soils and plants and to determine the age (radiometric dating) of rocks, minerals, sediments and soils (for example 14C, 238U, 235U, 232Th). Radiotracers were used in analysing the circulation of elements and their isotopes in the nutritional chain of humans (for example 40K, 137Cs, 90Sr, 131I, 45Ca, 32P). Furthermore, the dynamic progress of knowledge and of radiochemical techniques enabled the investigations and monitoring of natural (for example 40K, 238U, 210Pb, 210Po, 226Ra) and artificial (for example 32P, 59Fe, 60Co, 131I, 137Cs, 90Sr, 99Te) radioisotopes dispersed in the environment, released due to nuclear explosions, damage of reactors in the nuclear power plants and from different kind of radionuclide wastes. Application of radioisotopes in laboratory analyses of processes under controlled conditions permits the description and estimation of their ways in the natural environment.

6

Stanowisko do badań metod pomiaru przepływu cieczy w rurociągu

Petryka L., Zych M., Hanus R.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2008

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R. 54, nr 12

863-865

PL

W artykule omówiono stanowisko laboratoryjne do badań metod pomiaru cieczy jedno- i dwufazowych z wykorzystaniem technik jądrowych. Jako przykład wykorzystania stanowiska przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów prędkości przepływu wody metodami: radioznacznikową i ultradźwiękową oraz pokazano możliwości rozszerzenia badań po wprowadzeniu fazy gazowej.

EN

The paper presents a laboratory stand constructed for testing the methods used for measurement of single- and two-phase flow. Especially the paper focuses on application of nuclear methods to measurement of stream velocity in a horizontal pipe with the future possibility of a gas phase inclusion. As an example the comparison of water velocity measurements by radiotracers and an ultrasonic meter is given.

7

The non-stationary two-phase flow evaluation by radioisotopes

Petryka L., Zych M., Murzyn R.

Nukleonika

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2005

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Vol. 50, nr 1

43-46

EN

Two-phase flows, especially those commonly applied during hydraulic exploitation of minerals, are often characterized by the presence of serious variations of density. The adequate control of such a system produces high discrepancy of the mixture velocity. These flows cannot be examined by traditional impulse injection of a tracer. A solution to these difficulties is proposed based on the application of sealed sources and measuring methods calibrated by radiotracers during steady conditions of the flow. The paper presents the results of a full-scale test in a laboratory installation where the stream of water is transporting upwards naturally dispersed nodules through a Ř150 mm vertical pipe. A specially designed equipment allows the control of mixture density as well as the measurement of water and the velocity of particular nodules. The obtained results illustrate the capabilities of radiotracers and possibilities how they can be applied in different two-phase flows, when both density and velocity of the components significantly vary during observation.

8

Simultaneous measurement of Cr, Mn and Fe diffusion in chromium-manganese steels

Dudała J., Gilewicz-Wolter J., Stęgowski Z.

Nukleonika

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2005

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Vol. 50, nr 2

67-71

EN

The paper presents an application of multitracer method to diffusion measurement in Cr-Mn steels. Radioisotope tracers of chromium 51Cr, manganese 54Mn and iron 59Fe were used simultaneously in the diffusion process. Measurements of gamma-ray spectra and the proper analysis enabled evaluation of concentration distribution for each tracer. As a new tool, artificial neural networks (ANN) method was used for analysis of spectra. The proper solution of the diffusion model was applied to the experimental tracers' distribution data and diffusion coefficients were determined.

9

Compartmental analysis of results of radiotracer experiments in non-living systems in steady state

Kolar Z.

Nukleonika

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2005

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Vol. 50, nr 2

83-87

EN

Compartmental analysis has for many decades been used for the evaluation of results of mainly in vivo radiotracer experiments. However, its potential for working out similar experiments, but in non-living systems, has as yet been rather overlooked. This paper aims at reversing this situation. To this end some basic principles of compartmental analysis are given followed by examples of its use in chemistry related laboratory radiotracer studies.

10

Applied radiotracer techniques for studying pollutant bioaccumulation in selected marine organisms (jellyfish, crabs and sea stars)

Fowler S., Teyssié J., Cotret O., Danis B., Rouleau C., Warnau M.

Nukleonika

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2004

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Vol. 49, nr 3

97-100

EN

Obtaining specific information on contaminant biokinetics in marine biota is often necessary for properly interpreting monitoring data on trace contaminant levels in bioindicator species living under varying environmental conditions. Radiotracers have been employed in laboratory experiments to assess the uptake, distribution and retention of selected heavy metals and PCB congeners in three potential marine bioindicators occupying different ecological niches in the coastal zone. Pelagic and benthic jellyfish readily accumulated Co, Ag, Zn, Cd, 137Cs and 241Am from both water and food and retained them with biological half-lives (Tb1/2) ranging from a few days to several weeks. Zinc and silver were accumulated to the greatest degree (CF ~ 4 ´ 102), with benthic jellyfish having a greater affinity for metals than the pelagic species. Results from light–dark experiments indicate that the enhanced metal uptake in the benthic jellyfish is due to the presence of endosymbiotic photosynthetic zooxanthellae situated in the arms of organisms. Shore crabs ingesting Ag, a sewage-related contaminant, readily accumulated the metal with male crabs assimilating some 71% and female crabs 51% of the Ag from their food. Moreover, the assimilated fraction of Ag remained virtually immobile in their tissues as evidenced by an extremely long Tb1/2 for depuration of 7.3 years. Sea stars exposed to 14C-labelled PCB congener #153 in sea water accumulated the congener mainly in the body wall and podia reaching lipid weight CFs that ranged between approximately 2 x 10 5 to 4 x 10 5. In contrast, following exposure in radio-labelled sediments, the corresponding PCB transfer factors in the same tissues were much lower, viz., 3 x 10 2 to 5 x 10 2. Nevertheless, regardless of the exposure mode, CFs of PCB in the other tissues (digestive system, gonads, pyloric and rectal caeca) were consistently one to two orders of magnitude lower, an observation which suggests that sea star body wall and podia could serve as target tissues in biomonitoring studies assessing these toxic compounds.

11

Radiotracer technique for pipeline leak detection in the National Iranian Oil Company

Rahimi H., Naimpour M.A., Abedinzadeh A., Amini A., Kraś J.

Nukleonika

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1999

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Vol. 44, nr 3

491-498

EN

Physical and chemical principles of application of isotope tracers to control of tightness and localization of leaks in underground pipelines have been presented. The method shows many advantages. It is sensitive and easy to apply. The test and preliminary works are not time-consuming. In addition, the isotopic test can be carried out without stopping the line or changing the product composition.

PL

Przedstawiono fizyczne i chemiczne podstawy zastosowania znaczników izotopowych do kontroli szczelności i lokalizacji wycieków w rurociągach podziemnych. Metoda znacznikowa odznacza się wysoką czułością oraz łatwością stosowania. Przeprowadzenie badań nie jest czasochłonne oraz nie wymaga zatrzymywania naturalnego przebiegu procesu czy zmiany składu produktu. Jako radioznacznika używano bromku metylu - wytwarzanego w specjalnym generatorze - znakowanego 82Br. Minimalna oznaczona wielkość wycieku wynosi jeden litr na godzinę. Prezentowane badania szczelności rurociągów naftowych były pierwszymi pomiarami tego typu, przeprowadzonymi w Iranie. Aktualnie Iran dysponuje zespołem ludzkim i aparaturą pozwalającą na prowadzenie tego typu pomiarów dla rurociągów: 8-,10-,16- i 18-calowych.