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Reactor Laboratory for Biomedical Research in National Centre for Nuclear Research in Poland

Michaś Edyta, Dorosz Michał, Wójciuk Karolina, Tymińska Katarzyna, Wiliński Maciej, Maciak Maciej, Domański Szymon, Wojtania Grzegorz, Bartosik Łukasz, Małkiewicz Adam, Lechniak Jan, Gryziński Michał Aleksander

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 27, Iss. 1

119--122

EN

National Centre for Nuclear Research, NCBJ is one of the biggest research institutes in Poland, in which scientists deal with basic research in the various fields of subatomic physics, development of nuclear technologies and practical applications of nuclear physics methods, including those for nuclear medicine and radiotherapy. NCBJ operates the only Polish nuclear research reactor MARIA, around which a Reactor Laboratory for Biomedical Research, RLBR has been built in the last 4 years. One of the main aims of the RLBR team is to adapt the H2 channel, one of the eight MARIA’s horizontal channels, to a specific irradiation facility delivering a high flux thermal/epithermal neutron beam. The beam derived from the channel will be a tool for biological, physical and material studies for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, BNCT. While NCBJ is focused on building a neutron research facility, the Polish scientific community expressed its interest in BNCT development and implementation as an alternative therapy for cancer treatment. Through the working group meetings organized in the form of regular scientific workshops since 2015, it led to the establishment of a national scientific consortium dedicated to BNCT. Polish Consortium for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy agreement was initially signed by twelve institutions including scientific institutes, universities and oncological centres in October 2019. National Centre for Nuclear Research was appointed the leader of the consortium. A year later the consortium was enlarged by two more institutions.

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Evaluation of various common prostate IMRT techniques based on estimated tumor control and normal tissue complication probabilities in correlation with patients anatomical parameters derived from the CT scans

Banaei Amin, Hashemi Bijan, Bakhshandeh Mohsen, Mofid Bahram

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 25, Iss. 1

35--41

EN

Background: The relationship between the prostate IMRT techniques and patients anatomical parameters has been rarely investigated. Objective: to evaluate various prostate IMRT techniques based on tumor control and normal tissue complication probability (TCP and NTCP) values and also the correlation of such techniques with patients anatomical parameters. Methods: Four IMRT techniques (9, 7 and 5 fields and also automatic) were planned on the CT scans of 63 prostate cancer patients. The sum of distances between the organs at risk (OARs) and target tissue and also their average joint volumes were measured and assumed as anatomical parameters. Selected dosimetric and radiobiological parameters (TCP and NTCP) values were compared among various techniques and the correlation with the above anatomical parameters were assessed using Pearsons’ correlation. Results: High correlations were found between the dosimetric/radiobiological parameters of OARs with the joint volumes and with the distances between the OARs and target tissue in all the techniques. The TCP and complication free tumor control probability (P+) values were decreased with increasing the joint volume and decreasing the distances between the OARs and target tissue (as poly-nominal functions). The NTCP values were increased with increasing the joint volumes and decreasing the distances (3-degree poly-nominal functions). For the low percent joint volumes (<20%) and high distances (>7 cm), The TCP, NTCP and P+ showed no statistical differences between various techniques (P-value>0.07). However, 9 and 7 fields techniques indicated better radiobiological results (P-value<0.05) in almost other ranges (>20% joint volumes and <7 cm distances). Conclusion: Based on our results, it would be possible to compare radiobiological effects of various common IMRT techniques and choose the best one regarding to patients anatomical parameters derived from the CT scans.

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50 lat działalności Polskiego Towarzystwa Badań Radiacyjnych im. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie: 1967-2017

Sommer S.

Postępy Techniki Jądrowej

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2017

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z. 3

12--17

PL

W 2017 r. Polskie Towarzystwo Badań Radiacyjnych (PTBR) obchodzi 50-lecie swojego powstania. Utworzenie Towarzystwa miało na celu: rozwój kontaktów naukowych między poszczególnymi instytutami, laboratoriami, grupami badawczymi i stowarzyszeniami w kraju i za granicą, zajmującymi się tematami związanymi z promieniowaniem, organizację spotkań naukowców z różnych dziedzin, wymianę doświadczeń, organizację kursów doszkalających, działalność wydawniczą, a także popularyzację nauki. Te funkcje wypełniane są z powodzeniem do dnia dzisiejszego. Zebranie założycielskie PTBR odbyło się 29 czerwca 1967 r. w Pałacu Kultury i Nauki w Warszawie i tę datę uznajemy za dzień narodzin Towarzystwa. Od 1969 r. PTBR organizuje Zjazdy Naukowe - do tej pory odbyło się ich 17, a od 1970 r. - Szkoły Jesienne (odbyło się ich 24). W trakcie Zjazdów wręczane są nagrody naukowe oraz (od 1983 r.) prestiżowe medale im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie. W artykule omówiono narodziny Towarzystwa i główne formy jego działalności oraz osiągnięcia.

EN

In 2017, Polish Radiation Research Society (PRRS) celebrates the 50th anniversary of its founding. The formation of the Society was aimed at: the development of scientific contacts between various institutes, laboratories, research groups and associations in the country and abroad, dealing with radiation related topics in the country and abroad, organizing meetings of scientists of various fields, exchange of experiences, organization of refresher courses, publishing activities, and popularization of science. These functions are successfully fulfilled to this day. The founding meeting of PRRS took place on June 29, 1967, at the Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw, and we recognize this date as the day of the birth of the Society. Since 1969 the PRRS has organized Scientific Meetings - which so far have been held 17 times, and since 1970 - the Autumn Schools (held 24 times). During the meetings Scientific Awards of PRRS and (since 1983) the prestigious medals of Maria Skłodowska-Curie are awarded. The article describes the birth of the Society, the main forms of its activity, and achievements.

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Ocena wpływu małych dawek – nieterapeutycznych – na czynność bioelektryczną mózgu u pacjentów napromienianych w rejonie głowy i szyi. Doniesienie wstępne

Łukowiak M., Jezierska K., Podraza H., Podraza W., Lewocki M.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2015

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Vol. 21, nr 1

16--23

PL

W ostatnich latach radiobiolodzy we współpracy z fizykami medycznymi i radioterapeutami próbują oszacować toksyczność małych dawek promieniowania jonizującego na zdrowe tkanki znajdujące się w sąsiedztwie obszarów eksponowanych na wysokie dawki terapeutyczne. Poniższa praca jest próbą oszacowania wpływu małych dawek, w zakresie od 50 do 1000 cGy, na obszar mózgowia u pacjentów poddawanych radioterapii w obszarze głowy i szyi, na podstawie zapisu czynności bioelektrycznej mózgu zarejestrowanego przed i po leczeniu. W badaniu analizowane są dwa schematy napromieniania pacjentów techniką IMRT (ang. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy), różniące się liczbą wiązek terapeutycznych oraz kątami ich wejścia.

EN

In the last years, radiobiologists together with medical physicists and radiotherapeutists try to estimate the toxicity of low doses ionizing radiation on healthy tissue located near the regions exposed to high therapeutic doses. This work presents an attempt to examine the low doses ionizing radiation in range of 50 to 1000 cGy brain tissue in patients irradiated in head and neck region by exploiting the bioelectric brain signals registered before and after the treatment. Two modes of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) irradiation, with various numbers of therapeutic beams and input angles, were analysed.

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Wstęp do radiobiologii

Bolewski A., Kuc T., Wasilewska-Radwańska M.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2012

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Vol. 18, nr 2

90-93

PL

W pracy przedstawiono program zajęć z przedmiotu "Wstęp do radiobiologii", opracowany dla studentów V roku kierunku Inżynieria Biomedyczna. Zajęcia prowadzone były jako obieralne w wymiarze: 30 godzin wykład + 30 godzin laboratorium. Program wykładu zawierał podstawy fizyczne obejmujące: rodzaje promieniowania jonizującego i ich źródła, procesy oddziaływania promieniowania jonizującego z materią, detektory promieniowania, wpływ promieniowania jonizującego na komórkę i na organizm człowieka, wielkości dozymetryczne, metody ich pomiaru, podstawowe zasady ochrony radiologicznej oraz radiobiologię w radioterapii. Zajęcia laboratoryjne miały na celu praktyczne zapoznanie z metodami pomiarowymi w zakresie fizyki jądrowej.

EN

The paper shows the curriculum of course "Introduction to radiobiology" prepared for students of the 5th y ear o f Biomedical Engineering study. The program of this course is realized in a form of: 30 hours of lectures + 30 hours of practical classes. The main issues of the course include: physical fundamentals of nature of ionizing radiation and its sources, interaction of radiation with matter, radiation detectors, biological effects of radiation, quantities and units in dosimetry, radiation dose measurement, principles of radiation protection, and radiobiology in radiotherapy. The aim of the practical classes was to acquaint students with the measuring methods used in nuclear physics.

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Chemia radiacyjna w eksploracji Marsa

Zagórski Z. P.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2005

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[Z] 59, 5-6

469--488

EN

The discussion of chemical reactions caused by ionizing radiation is started, as usual, with the nature of the object which absorbs the energy. First, the composition (CO2 = 95.3%) and density of martian atmosphere is discussed; the latter is low, 120 times smaller than over the Earth atid does not protect the surface of Mars from ionizing radiations. The atmosphere over the Earth secures the shield equivalent to 3 m of concrete, with many positive consequences for the Life on Earth. In addition, high energy protons from the Sun are diverted magnetically around the Earth, and that is not the case around the Mars. The radiolysis of Martian atmosphere starts with formation of CO2 as the primary product of single ionization spurs. The multi-ionization spurs can yield exotic carbon-oxygen compounds, not explored yet. Anyway, the radiolysis of martian atmosphere is completely different from the case of Earth, where the primary product is N* ion-radical. The lack of water vapor over Mars prevents the formation of an analogue to acid rains, and of creation of many other compounds. The most interesting feature of Martian regolith is the possibility of the presence of hydrated minerals, which could have been formed milliards years ago, when (probably) water was present on Mars. Water present in the crystalline lattice undergoes only limited radiolysis, as it is known from the case of concrete, produced as biological shield build on Earth, around the sources of ionizing radiation. Formation of natural hydrated silicates on Mars was possible, therefore survival of traces of H2O on Mars is possible. However, this kind of water cannot be recovered easily, to be used by Mars explorers. The interface of the atmosphere and the regolith is probably the site of many chemical reactions. Very intensive UV, which includes part of the vacuum UV, can cause reduction of carbon dioxide to methane, recently discovered in traces over Mars, hopefully, but erroneously connected, in the mode of wishful thinking, to the Life. Minerals like sodalite, discovered on Mars can contribute as reagents in the mentioned reaction, and could be the source of hydrogen. Conclusions are dedicated to questions of the live organisms connected with exploration of Mars; from microorganisms, comparatively resistant to ionizing radiation, to human beings, considered not to be fit to manned flight, survival on Mars and return to Earth. The genius of Mankind which is able to create effective means of exploration over the distance of millions of kilometers, should be a satisfaction more important than the extremely expensive presence of man or woman on Mars.

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Application of tsh bioindicator for studying the biological efficiency of radiation

Cebulska-Wasilewska A., Rękas K., Kim J.K.

Nukleonika

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1999

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Vol. 44, nr 1

15-30

EN

The effectiveness of neutrons from a californium-252 source in the induction of various abnormalities in the Tradescantia clone 4430 stamen hair cells (TSH-assay) was studied. Special attention was paid to check whether any enhancement in effects caused by the process of boron neutron capture is visible in the cells enriched with boron ions. Two chemicals (borax and BSH) were applied to introduce boron-10 ions into cells. Inflorescences, normal or pretreated with chemicals containing boron, were irradiated in the air with neutrons from the 252 Cf source at KAERI, Taejon, Korea. To estimate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the beam under the study, Tradescantia inflorescences without chemical pretreatment were irradiated with various doses of X-rays. The ranges of radiation doses used for neutrons were 0-0.1 Gy and for X-rays 0-0.5 Gy. After time needed to complete the postirradiation repair Tradescantia cuttings were transferred to Krakow, where screening of gene and lethal mutations in somatic cells of stamen hairs have been done, and dose response relationships were plotted. In two independent experimental studies an alteration of dose-response curves was observed, probably due to slight changes in the postexposure plant treatment. However, it has not resulted in the change of the maximal RBE values, which for the induction of gene mutations were estimated as 5.6 in the pilot studies, and 5.8 one year later. Inflorescences pretreated with borax and BSH responded to neutrons differently. The values of RBE have changed from 5.6 to 7.9 in the case of plants pretreated with 240 ppm of B-10 from borax, and 5.8 to 7.2 in the case of 400 ppm of B-10 from BSH. The results showed an increase, although statistically insignificant, in biological efficiency of radiation from the 252 Cf source in the samples pretreated with boron containing chemicals.

PL

Oszacowano skuteczność jonów ze źródła 252 Cf w indukowaniu mutacji genowych w komórkach pręcików Tradescantia (klonu 4430). Sprawdzono także czy proces wychwytu neutronów powoduje widoczny wzrost efektu w komórkach kwiatostanów traktowanych związkami boru przed napromieniowaniem neutronami. W doświadczeniu użyto dwa związki wprowadzające jony 10 B do komórek: boraks i BSH. Kwiatostany normalne oraz traktowane związkami boru były napromieniowane neutronami ze źródła 252 Cf w KAERI, Taejon, Korea. W celu oszacowania względnej skuteczności biologicznej (RBE) kwiatostany Tradescantia napromeniowano różnymi dawkami promieniowania rentgenowskiego. Zakresy dawek wynosiły: 0-0.1 Gy w przypadku neutronów i 0-0.5 Gy w przypadku promieniowania rentgenowskiego. Po czasie potrzebnym na naprawę popromienną rośliny przetransportowano do Krakowa, gdzie badano mutacje genowe i letalne w komórkach somatycznych, oraz wyznaczono zależności dawka-efekt. Maksymalne wartości RBE (5.6-5.8) szacowane w oparciu o współczynniki nachylenia krzywych dawka-efekt zależne były od różnych warunków po napromienieniu. W pracy przedstawiono analizę zmiany parametrów opisujących procesy komórkowe. Uzyskane rezultaty wykazują niewielki, statystycznie nieznaczący wzrost skuteczności biologicznej źródła 252 Cf w komórkach roślin traktowanych związkami zawierającymi bor. Wartości RBE zmieniały sie od 5.6 do 7.9 w przypadku roślin traktowanych boraksem (240 ppm 10B) i od 5.8 do 7.2 w przypadku BSH (400 ppm 10B).