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Radiation flux balance of the sea-atmosphere system over the southern Baltic Sea

Kaczmarek S., Dera J.

Oceanologia

1998

No. 40 (3)

277-306

Developed at IO PAS, Sopot, and first presented at the BALTEX Study Conference in Visby (Dera et al., 1995), the improved radiation transfer model was applied to determine the following radiation fluxes in the southern Baltic region: the flux entering the Earth's atmosphere Q1, the sum of fluxes absorbed Q2 and scattered upwards (reflected) in the atmosphere Q2´ , the direct solar ray flux reaching the sea surface Q3, the diffuse solar flux (scattered downwards in the atmosphere) reaching the sea surface Q4, the total solar flux reaching the sea surface Q5, the total flux reflected by the sea surface Q6, the total flux entering the water column Q7, the flux scattered upwards by the water body and leaving the sea surface Q8, the flux absorbed in the water column Q9, that absorbed by the water itself Q10, that absorbed by admixtures other than phytoplankton pigments Q11, and that absorbed by phytoplankton pigments Q12, the photosynthetically stored radiation flux Q13 and the effective infrared radiation flux at the sea surface Q14. The model has been developed for the application of satellite images as the main source of input data. However, since the relevant satellite data are not yet available, a long-term meteorological and bio-optical standard database has been used in the computations. The mean monthly fluxes and their balances for the southern Baltic region, divided into 20 sub-regions, have been obtained for each month of the year.