A composite based on basalt fabric was produced because of its good thermal and mechanical properties. As a result of the reactive magnetron sputtering technique, a layer of aluminium and zirconium (IV) oxide 200 nm thick was deposited on Mylar film, which was adhered to the surface of the basalt fabric using a special adhesive glue and silicone. The variants of composites prepared were subjected to contact resistance tests at a contact temperature of 100 °C and 250 °C, as well as to resistance to thermal radiation tests. The tests carried out on the composites obtained showed an improvement of tested parameters.
PL
W pracy wytworzono kompozyt na bazie tkaniny bazaltowej ze względu na jej dobre właściwości termiczne i mechaniczne. W wyniku zastosowania techniki reaktywnego rozpylania magnetronowego na folii Mylar osadzono warstwę aluminium i tlenku cyrkonu o grubości 200 nanometrów, którą przyklejono na powierzchnię tkaniny bazaltowej poprzez zastosowywanie kleju oraz silikonu. Przygotowane warianty kompozytów poddano badaniom odporności na ciepło kontaktowe dla temperatury kontaktu 100 °C i 250 °C oraz odporności na promieniowanie cieplne. Przeprowadzone na kompozytach badania wykazały poprawę badanych parametrów.
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Aerogels are characterized by excellent insulation properties and a good resistance to high and low temperatures. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of silica aerogel on thermal properties of textile–polymer composites. Aerogel was applied in protective clothing fabric to improve its heat resistance. The composites were produced by coating a fabric made of meta-aramid (polyamide–imide) yarns with a dispersion of polychloroprene latex and synthetic resins or an acrylic–styrene dispersion with aerogel (100–700 μm particle size). The composites were subjected to thermal radiation (20 kW/m2) and their thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). Scanning electron microscopy/X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) was used to characterize the microstructure and study the elemental composition of materials. The thermal conductivity and resistance of composites were measured with an Alambeta apparatus. The tests indicated an increase in resistance to thermal radiation by approximately 15–25%. In TG/DTG analysis, the initial temperature for an unmodified fabric was 423.3°C. After modification, it decreased to 361.8° and 365.3°C for composites with 7 and 14% of aerogel, respectively. SEM images revealed a reduction in aerogel particle size.
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