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1
Content available Analysis of the form of presentation of graphic-tracked target data – sectors of dangerous courses
Juszkiewicz W.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2018
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nr 53 (125)
68--73
EN
At present, providing a clear presentation of the navigational situation around a navigator’s own ship (OS) is one of the most important issues facing device manufacturers. Integration of navigational devices on the bridge has made it possible to transfer information and present it in the form chosen by the navigator screen. However, this may cause a decrease in the clarity of information and hamper its interpretation. The ability to select the best information, and that which is most needed at a given moment, depends on navigator proficiency. Vectors are still the basic form of the graphic presentation of radar-tracked object data. However, the ability to track more objects at the same time in crowded areas results in a decrease in readability and can cause errors. This article introduces the possibility of presenting information about collision danger in the form of Dangerous Courses Sectors (DCS) together with an analysis of changes in these during typical ship encounter situations. DCS are calculated on the base of Dangerous Passing Areas (DPA) as bearings on the marginal points of these areas.
2
Content available Comparative Study of the Accuracy of AIS and ARPA Indications. Part 1. Accuracy of the CPA Indications
Wawruch R.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2018
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Vol. 12, no. 3
439--443
EN
According to the IMO recommendation when the target data from radar tracking and AIS are both available and the association criteria are fulfilled such that the radar and AIS information are considered as for one physical target, then as a default condition in radar equipment should be automatically selected and displayed the AIS target symbol and the alphanumerical AIS target data only. The article presents research conducted in real sea conditions on the reliability of information presented by the ship's AIS and ARPA about the passing distance with the other vessel tracked by radar equipment and fitted with AIS.
3
Content available Numerically Stable and Efficient Implementation of a Continuous-Discrete Multiple-Model Estimator
Sankowski M., Buda W.
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
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2013
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Vol. 59, No. 4
369-374
EN
This paper deals with the problem of implementing adaptive radar tracking filters based on continuous-time models of target motion and on discrete-time models of measurement process. The particular difficulties addressed include: nonlinear and non-stationary target movement models with uncertain parameters, and low data rate due to a rotating radar antenna. The proposed tracking filter relies basically on the continuous-discrete variant of the extended Kalman filter (EKF), the probabilistic data association (PDA) technique and the interacting multiplemodel (IMM) state estimation scheme. Numerical properties of the algorithm are discussed and a software implementation is developed using the open-source BLAS library. Several design concepts are combined to assure numerical stability, convergence and efficiency of the estimator.
4
Analysis of tracking errors of multiple model neural filter for marine navigational radar
Kazimierski W.
Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania
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2012
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Vol. 53, nr 7
47-50
EN
The paper presents the research focused on verification of multiple model neural filter in real environment. The filter is a result of the works in the research project and is implemented as a software application. The application is then connected to real radar making the off-line verification possible. The filter was checked against IMO requirements and was compared to other commercially used filters. Estimation errors and delay was the basis for the verification. Achieved results show that proposed solution might be an interesting alternative for numerical filters.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań mających na celu weryfikację wielomodelowego neuronowego filtra śledzącego z wykorzystaniem danych rzeczywistych. Filtr jest wynikiem badań prowadzonych w ramach projektu badawczego pt. Rozwinięcie metod radarowego śledzenia jednostek pływających z zastosowaniem wielomodelowej filtracji neuronowej. Został zaimplementowany w dedykowanym oprogramowaniu, które zostało z kolei podłączone do rzeczywistego urządzenia radarowego na statku. Dzięki temu możliwa była rejestracja danych z radaru, jak również weryfikacja opracowanej metody. Była ona prowadzona w trybie off-line. Podstawą weryfikacji była analiza błędów i opóźnień filtracji. Uzyskane rezultaty pokazują, że proponowana metoda może być interesującą alternatywą dla powszechnie stosowanych numerycznych filtrów.
5
Content available On Scientific Realism and Instrumentalism in Manoeuvring Target Modelling and Tracking
Sankowski M.
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
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2011
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Vol. 57, No. 2
199-208
EN
The basic problem of tracking manoeuvring moving objects (e.g. aircrafts, ships) lies in unpredictability of object manoeuvres, with respect to the time of occurrence, duration and the type of trajectory. In this paper most representative methods of modelling and state estimation techniques applied to Manoeuvring Target Tracking (MTT) are briefly reviewed. Classification of existing approaches is made in the context of realistic and instrumentalistic paradigms of the philosophy of science. A practical example is also given that shows the impact of selecting models and estimation methods on the performance of the tracking filter for Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar.
6
Zasady monitorowania morskich obiektów o małych prędkościach
Stupak T., Wawruch R.
Logistyka
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2010
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nr 4
CD-CD
PL
W referacie przedstawiono wyniki badań dokładności śledzenia radarowego i transmitowanych przez AIS danych statku stojącego na kotwicy. Na kotwicy statek zmienia swoje położenie w niewielkim zakresie i dlatego wyznaczenie jego parametrów jest trudne i mało dokładne.
EN
The results of experiments about radar tracking ship on the anchor and comparison with data received from this ship by Automatic Identification System are presented in the article. Ship on the anchor is changed her position in small area and result of it is problem with plotting ship’s position, course and speed and its low accuracy.
7
Content available The Influence of the Ship Yawing on the Target Tracking Process
Juszkiewicz W.
Annual of Navigation
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2008
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No. 13
67-74
EN
Precision of the data obtained in the object tracking process performed by the ARPA systems, depends very much on weather conditions. Main factors resulting from bad weather conditions and having an influence on the precision of object tracking process are ship's rolling and yawing. Results of the experiment conducted in the ARPA simulator, whose objective was to define tracking errors resulting from ship yawing, are presented in this paper.
8
Content available remote Accuracy of information about tracked targets in ecdis an radar equipment - comparative analysis
Wawruch R.
Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport
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2007
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z. 61
121-130
EN
Paper presents results of accuracy tests of information about tracked objects presented ECDIS and radar equipment. Measurements were conducted in real sea conditions for ships leaving and entering port in Gdynia and sailing in the area of the Gulf of Gdańsk using radar equipment and ECDIS installed nearby the south entrance to the port in Gdynia in radar laboratory of the Faculty of Navigation of the Gdynia Maritime University.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań dokładności informacji o obiektach śledzonych prezentowanej przez ECDIS i urządzenia radarowe. Pomiary były przeprowadzone w rzeczywistych warunkach morskich dla statków wpływających do portu w Gdyni i wypływających z tego portu oraz żeglujących na akwenie Zatoki Gdańskiej, z wykorzystaniem urządzeń radarowych zainstalowanych w pobliżu południowego wejścia do portu w Gdyni, w laboratorium Katedry Nawigacji Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni.
9
Content available remote Nocturnal activity of Carabus hortensis L. (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in two forest sites studied with harmonic radar method
Szyszko J., Gryuntal S., Schwerk A.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2005
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Vol. 53, nr 1
117-121
EN
The paper deals with a study of the nocturnal activity rhythm of Carabus hortensis L. with applying a harmonic radar system. Beetles withh a diode attached to their elytra were set into the terrain and tracked by help of a portable radar. The studies were carried out in a pine forest in which Carabus hortensis L. occurs regularly and in a beach forest in which this species was completely absent. The data show that Carabus hortensis L. is active mainly at the first hours after sunset, independently from time of sunset. A small peak of activity exists at about 9 - 10 hours after sunset. The nocturnal activity rhythm is similar in both forest sites, but the individuals show significantly higher activity in the beech forest. Based on the assumption that activity is connected with hunger level, the total activity may be useful as indicator of habitat quality (feeding conditions) for Carabus hortensis L.
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