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An integrated optimization model for procurement and production lot sizing and scheduling problems

Rosyidi Cucuk Nur, Permatasari Hani Aninda Intan, Laksono Pringgo Widyo

Production Engineering Archives

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2024

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Vol. 30, Iss. 2

155--165

EN

Lot sizing is a prevalent issue within manufacturing companies, where determining the optimal procurement and production lot sizes is crucial for maximizing profits. This problem has become more complex, given that numerous suppliers can provide the same raw materials with different prices and quantity discount schemes. A company should also determine optimal carriers to deliver materials to the company’s warehouse. In a manufacturing process, the company should determine the optimal production lot size and its schedules. In this paper, a model was developed to solve simultaneously procurement and production lot sizing, as well as production scheduling problems. The model encompasses multiple suppliers offering quantity discounts, aiming to maximize company profit by accounting for various costs, including procurement, production, inventory, and quality costs. A case study is taken from a company producing noodles and its related derivative products to illustrate the application of the model. Based on the optimization results, the company obtained a total profit of IDR. 14,656,550,000 or $950,921.30 (the exchange rate of $1 at IDR. 15,413). The sensitivity analysis results show that the objective function is sensitive to changes in the purchase cost, sale revenue, and discount rate parameters. The decision variables for accepted product demand, product quantity, and the starting and completion time of product family are only sensitive to changes in certain parameters. Meanwhile, the decision variables for product inventory, product backlog, raw material inventory, and purchased raw material quantity are sensitive to the changes in all the analyzed parameters.

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Channel coordination, pricing and replenishment policies in three-echelon dual-channel supply chain

Modak N. M., Panda S., Sana S. S.

Control and Cybernetics

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2015

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Vol. 44, no. 4

481--518

EN

This paper addresses pricing, replenishment policies, coordination, and issues of surplus proﬁt division among the members of the dual-channel supply chain for a particular product whose unit cost decreases continuously over product’s life time. In the dual-channel setting, manufacturer, distributor, and retailer with retail channel and the manufacturer’s direct e-channel are considered. When manufacturer is a Stackelberg leader, the paper reveals that the channels are bound to compete with each other on price severely in the centralized as well as decentralized system. It is observed that more preference on the retail channel may lead to non coexistence of proﬁtable retail-e-tail channel which results in a threshold for higher retail price than the online price. The mechanism of all unit quantity discount with agreement of franchise fee coordinates the channel and provides for the win-win outcome. Finally, Nash bargaining over product depicts particular proﬁt division among the channel members. A numerical example is provided in order to test and justify the proposed model.

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Wykorzystanie opustów cenowych w polityce kredytowej przedsiębiorstwa górniczego

Fuksa D.

Przegląd Górniczy

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2010

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T. 66, nr 9

81-83

PL

Prezentowany artykuł stanowi praktyczną ilustrację zagadnień związanych z modelowaniem racjonalnego poziomu opustów cenowych oferowanych odbiorcom, które teoretycznie przedstawiono w pracy [1]. Metodę obliczania opustów cenowych, obejmujących opust "za płatność" oraz opust ilościowy zaprezentowano na przykładzie realnej kopalni węgla kamiennego. Zwrócono ponadto uwagę na maksymalne graniczne korzyści, jakie można osiągnąć przy stosowaniu zaprezentowanych opustów.

EN

The article is practical illustration of the issues connected with rational modelling of price discounts offered to buyers, what was theoretically presented in the work [1]. The method of price discounts calculation, including pre-payment and quantity discount, is presented on example of a real hard coal mine. Moreover attention is drawn to maximum terminal advantages, which can be achieved using the presented discounts.

4

Koncepcja opustów cenowych jako element polityki kredytowej przedsiębiorstwa górniczego

Fuksa D.

Przegląd Górniczy

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2009

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T. 65, nr 9

36-39

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano problematykę zarządzania należnościami w przedsiębiorstwie obejmująca zagadnienia związane z modelowaniem racjonalnego poziomu należności dzięki opustom cenowych oferowanym klientom. Każdy przyrost sprzedaży w rozliczeniach bezgotówkowych oddziałuje na wzrost należności. Z jednej strony, opusty cenowe, zmniejszają przychody ze sprzedaży, natomiast z drugiej strony wpływają na skrócenie terminów płatności, a tym samym zmniejszają ryzyko powstania należności przeterminowanych i spornych, co, z kolei, przekłada się na redukcję kosztów kapitału oraz ewentualnej windykacji należności. W artykule omówiono poszczególne rodzaje opustów cenowych, takich jak: opust sezonowy, funkcjonalny, "za ilość" i "za płatność". Szczegółowo scharakteryzowano opust "za ilość" podając maksymalne graniczne korzyści, jakie można osiągnąć przy jego stosowaniu.

EN

The problems connected with amounts due management in the enterprise including the issues connected with modelling of the rational level of amounts due thanks to reductions of prices offered to the clients are presented. Each increase in non-cash settlement of accounts influences on increase of amounts due. On one hand reductions of price reduce the sale income, on the other hand influence they shorten the time of payment and thus decrease the risk of overdue and contentious amounts to be formed, what in turn means capital costs reduction as well as eventual vindication of amounts due. The particular kinds of reductions of price are discussed, such as seasonal, functional, "for amount" and "for payment". Reduction "for amount" is characterized in details giving the maximum advantages to be got at its application.