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1

Combustion comparative analysis of pyrolysis oil and diesel fuel under constant-volume conditions

Szwaja Magdalena, Szymanek Arkadiusz

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 4

90--96

EN

The article discusses the research results on the combustion of pyrolysis oil derived from the pyrolysis of HDPE plastics after its distillation. The tests were carried out in a constant-volume combustion chamber in conditions similar to those in a compression-ignition engine with a compression ratio of 17.5:1. The phases of premixed and diffusion combustion and the ignition lag were determined. Then, diesel fuel combustion tests were performed under similar pressure-temperature conditions. Comparative analysis was used to draw conclusions as follows: the percentage fraction of heat released from the premixed combustion phase to total heat for pyrolysis oil was nearly 22%, whereas this parameter is 15% for diesel fuel, the maximum combustion rate for the premixed combustion phase for pyrolysis oil was approximately 27% higher than the premixed combustion rate for diesel fuel, the ignition lag for pyrolysis oil was slightly longer compared to that for diesel fuel. The presented parameters have a significant impact on both the development of combustion and the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Summing up, one can conclude, that pyrolysis oil can be applied as a substitute for diesel fuel both as a single fuel or blend component with it.

2

Comparative analysis of heat release in a reciprocating engine powered by a regular fuel with pyrolysis oil addition

Chwist Mariusz

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 3

104--112

EN

The article presents a comparative analysis of heat release rate in a spark-ignition engine powered by various fuels as follows: butanol, gasoline, a mixture of butanol with tire pyrolysis oil (TPO), and mixtures of butanol with oil from biomass pyrolysis (BPO). Selected combustion phases were analyzed. Additionally, ignition delay calculations were performed in the ANSYS Chemkin Pro program for the surrogates of the tested fuels. Popular surrogates quoted in numerous publications were used as substitute fuels. The paper presents an original surrogate of oil from tire pyrolysis.

3

An Alternative Method for Synthetic Polymers Waste Processing Using the Low Temperature Pyrolysis Process

Lesnau Anna, Tyliszczak Mirosław, Kunda Krzysztof

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 16, no 2

1--11

EN

Plastics, due to their numerous advantages, are becoming materials more and more widely used in all branches of industry. The number of products, packaging and waste made of synthetic polymers is constantly increasing, which results in a growing threat to the environment due to long time of decomposition of the manufactured products. The future development of plastic recycling methods appears to be a necessary and significant step in materials processing and environmental protection. During the last two decades, a large number of promising research results on the catalytic pyrolysis process of plastics have been reported. This paper presents an alternative method for synthetic polymers waste processing using the low temperature pyrolysis process. The aim of this method is to manage the waste efficiently, but also to reduce the demand for fossil fuels. Commercial fuels and mixtures of these fuels with the pyrolytic oil obtained in low-temperature pyrolytic process were used for the purpose of this study, The following parameters of the obtained fuel mixtures were tested: density, viscosity, flash point, water content, cetane number, cold filter blocking temperature, cloud pint and lubricity, using following equipment: oscillating densitometer, Stabinger viscometer, Pensky-Martens Closed cup tester, apparatus for coulometric determination of water content by Karl-Fischer method, calorimeter. All tests were carried out in accordance with European standards for crude oil and petroleum products. The obtained results are promising and by contribution of the pyrolytic oil additives it is possible to significantly reduce the share of petroleum products used in the fuels production process and contribute to the beneficial management of artificial waste.

4

Analiza właściwości oleju pirolitycznego pod kątem jego magazynowania, transportu i użytkowania

Czardybon Agata, Ignasiak Karina

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2021

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T. 100, nr 5

436--444

PL

Przeprowadzono testy stabilności oleju pirolitycznego, polegające na analizie zmian jego lepkości dynamicznej, zawartości wody oraz składu lotnych związków organicznych. Badania wykazały stosunkowo ograniczoną stabilność oleju podczas przechowywania, zwłaszcza w podwyższonych temperaturach, objawiającą się wzrostem lepkości oraz zawartości wody. Po okresie przechowywania oleju zaobserwowano spadek stężenia reaktywnych związków tlenowych odpowiadających za jego stabilność. Ze względu na znaczną zawartość wody w badanym biooleju podjęto próby jego waloryzacji metodą wirowania, ekstrakcji oraz inwersji faz emulsji. Przeprowadzono także testy mieszalności biooleju z olejem napędowym i RME w celu waloryzacji oleju pirolitycznego jako potencjalnego paliwa silnikowego.

EN

Pyrolysis oil produced from pine wood by rapid biomass pyrolysis was tested for water content, dynamic viscosity, and oil volatile organic fraction compn. The oil showed relatively limited storage stability, especially at elevated temp. A decrease in the concn. of reactive O compds. responsible for the oil stability was observed after its storage period. The miscibility of pyrolysis oil with diesel fuel and rapeseed methyl esters was tested to develop a method of pyrolysis oil valorization as a potential engine fuel.

5

By-products from thermal processing of rubber waste as fuel for the internal combustion piston engine

Chwist Mariusz, Pyrc Michał, Gruca Michał, Szwaja Magdalena

Combustion Engines

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2020

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R. 59, nr 2

11--18

EN

The article presents results of investigation on the combustion of a mixture of pyrolysis oil from tires and regular fuel in the internal combustion reciprocating piston engine. The tested fuel consisted of: diesel fuel and pyrolysis oil at amount of 10% by volume. The tests were carried out on a single-cylinder naturally aspirated compression-ignition engine. The engine was equipped with a common rail fuel injection system and an electronic control unit that allowed changing injection timing. A comparative analysis of pressure-volume charts for the reference fuel, which was diese fuel, and for a mixture of diesel with 10% addition of pyrolysis oil was carried out. Injector characteristics for the reference fuel and the mixture were determined. Engine efficiency for both fuels was also determined. Unrepeatability of the engine work cycles for the diesel fuel and the tested mixture was calculated. Finally, exhaust toxic emission was analyzed. It was found that the pyrolysis oil can be used as valuable additive to regular diesel fuel at amount up to 10%, however, toxic exhaust gases emission was increased.

6

The energy use of granulate and pyrolysis oil from discarded car tires as a method to increase ecological and energy safety

Tomporowski Andrzej, Piasecka Izabela, Mrozński Adam, Kruszelnicka Weronika, Bałdowska-Witos Patrycja, Kovalyshyn Stephan

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2019

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Vol. 1, nr 1

768--775

EN

On average, there are about 60 kg of rubber in a passenger car, about 67% of which are tires, about 20% of all kinds body seals, doors and windows, suspension elements amount to 5%, the rest are other elements related to the engine (seals, hoses, wires, pads, etc.). Rubber waste is too valuable resource to direct to landfills. The vast majority of recovery of used tires in Poland (over 70%) is carried out by burning tires with energy recovery. Tires in the form of granulate, mixed with coal dust, are burn in some combined heat and power plants. The paper presents results of experimental studies of possible use for energy purposes, granules and pyrolysis oil the resulting from discarded car tires for increasing ecological and energy safety. Energy properties of granulates and pyrolysis oil were investigated and the shape and size of granulate particles were analyzed. For this purpose, digital image processing (CAMSIZER device) and calorimeter were used. It was found that the products of tire recycling decommissioned from exploitationare the high-energy material with good calorific value. Based on the results of experimental studies, application conditions of rubber waste for energy purposes was formulated.

7

Analiza porównawcza produktów procesu pirolizy niskotemperaturowej wybranych tworzyw sztucznych w reaktorze niskociśnieniowym – badania wstępne

Tyliszczak M., Lesnau A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2018

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nr 108

134--142

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano analizę porównawczą wybranych produktów, powstałych w wyniku procesu pirolizy niskotemperaturowej dla wybranych odpadów z tworzyw sztucznych. Analizę wykonano dla dwóch różnych grup odpadów. Pierwsza dotyczyła odpadów HD-PE z grupy 2, natomiast druga stanowiła odpady zmieszane, tj. PP, PS, HD-PE, LD-PE oraz opakowania wielomateriałowe. Do wytworzenia badanych próbek wykorzystano reaktor niskociśnieniowy z bezpośrednim układem chłodzenia par węglowodorowych własnego projektu. Przedstawiona w artykule analiza wykazała przydatność produktów, takich jak gaz czy olej, powstałych w wyniku pirolizy niskotemperaturowej, oraz możliwość wykorzystania tej metody do utylizacji tych odpadów w sposób bezpieczny i przyjazny dla środowiska.

EN

The article presents a comparative analysis of selected products resulting from the low-temperature pyrolysis process for selected plastic waste. The analysis was carried out for two different groups of waste. The first one concerned waste HD-PE from group 2, while the second one was mixed waste, i.e. PP, PS, HD-PE, LD-PE and multi-material packaging. A low-pressure reactor with a direct cooling system for hydrocarbon vapors of own design was used to produce the test samples. The presented analysis in the article showed the usefulness of products such as gas or oil, resulting from low-temperature pyrolysis and the possibility of using this method to dispose of this waste in a safe and environmentally friendly way.

8

Research on emulsified tyre pyrolysis oil as a coal flotation collector

Yang R., Shen L., Wang H.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2017

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Vol. 53, iss. 1

279--287

EN

In this paper the possibility of using the pyrolysis oil derived from waste tyres as a collector in flotation of coal was evaluated. The pyrolysis oil was obtained at the initial and final pyrolysis temperatures of 400 and 700 oC, respectively, and the heat holding time of 30 min. Flotation results indicated that the pyrolysis oil emulsion showed stronger collecting ability than diesel and the concentrate ash content just slightly increased in comparison to flotation in the presence of diesel. The contact angle measurement and immersion microcalorimetry test correlated well with the flotation data. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy results demonstrated that diesel and pyrolysis oil emulsion is physically adsorbed on the coal surface.

9

Performance of a drop-in biofuel emulsion on a single-cylinder research diesel engine

Bogarra-Macias M., Doustdar O., Fayad M. A., Wyszyński M. L., Tsolakis A., Ding P., Pacek A., Martin P., Overend R., O'Leary S.

Combustion Engines

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2016

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R. 55, nr 3

9--16

EN

Current targets in reducing CO2 and other greenhouse gases as well as fossil fuel depletion have promoted the research for alternatives to petroleum-based fuels. Pyrolysis oil (PO) from biomass and waste oil is seen as a method to reduce life-cycle CO2, broaden the energy mix and increase the use of renewable fuels. The abundancy and low prices of feedstock have attracted the attention of biomass pyrolysis in order to obtain energy-dense products. Research has been carried out in optimising the pyrolysis process, finding efficient ways to convert the waste to energy. However, the pyrolysis products have a high content in water, high viscosity and high corrosiveness which makes them unsuitable for engine combustion. Upgrading processes such as gasification, trans-esterification or hydro-deoxynegation are then needed. These processes are normally costly and require high energy input. Thus, emulsification in fossil fuels or alcohols is being used as an alternative. In this research work, the feasibility of using PO-diesel emulsion in a single-cylinder diesel engine has been investigated. In-cylinder pressure, regulated gaseous emissions, particulate matter, fuel consumption and lubricity analysis reported. The tests were carried out of a stable non-corrosive wood pyrolysis product produced by Future Blends Ltd of Milton Park, Oxfordshire, UK. The product is trademarked by FBL, and is a stabilized fraction of raw pyrolysis oil produced in a process for which the patent is pending. The results show an increase in gaseous emissions, fuel consumption and a reduction in soot. The combustion was delayed with the emulsified fuel and a high variability was observed during engine operation.

10

Odzysk energii z odpadów pochodzących ze stacji demontażu pojazdów przy wykorzystaniu pirolizy niskotemperaturowej

Grabowski Ł., Wołosiewicz M., Sas S., Kasprzyk P.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 4

8896--8901, CD3

PL

W artykule omówiono odpady pochodzące z demontażu pojazdów, wykorzystywane w procesie pirolizy niskotemperaturowej. Zaprezentowano typowe operacje demontażu pojazdów jak również ich przebieg. Scharakteryzowano proces pirolizy niskotemperaturowej. Pokazano walory procesu uwzględniając odzysk energii z odpadów oraz wykorzystanie oleju popirolitycznego w transporcie. Zaprezentowane zostały dodatkowo korzyści środowiskowe, wynikające z zastosowania tej technologii przerobu wyżej wymienionych odpadów.

EN

The paper discusses the dismantling of waste from vehicles, used in low-temperature pyrolysis process. Typical vehicle dismantling operations as well as their processes were presented. Low temperature pyrolysis process was characterized. The advantages of the process, taking into account energy recovery from waste and pyrolytic oil use in transport were described. We presented additional environmental benefits resulting from the use of the vehicle dismantling waste processing technology.

11

Możliwości oraz perspektywy wykorzystania oleju popirolitycznego w transporcie

Wołosiewicz-Głąb M., Grabowski Ł.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 4

5054--5060, CD6

PL

The article presents the different types of pyrolysis oil and the possibility of their application in transport. Analyzed pyrolysis oil from tires and plastic. The calorific value of the products obtained in pyrolysis process is also shown, according to the input and to the parameters of the treatment process itself. Article further includes a characterization of the pyrolysis process and its products. Thanks to the use of biodiesel fuel the logistics costs could be reduced.

12

Kompleksowy przerób oleju popirolitycznego do naftalenu i wysokowrzących aromatycznych frakcji węglowodorowych

Tęcza W., Jamróz M. E.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2009

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T. 88, nr 11

1192-1194

13

Hydrotreating of pyrolysis oil from ethylene plant in order to obtain an ecologically friendly, low-sulphur fuel oil for industrial furnaces.

Wandas R., Frączek K., Chrapek T.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Chemii i Technologii Nafty i Węgla Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje

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1999

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Vol. 9, nr 56

93-99

EN

Preliminary investigations of hydrotreating of pyrolysis oil from ethylene plant, a commercial NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst, have been carried out. The raw pyrolysis oil is characerized by a very high content of di-and polycyclic aromatics: it also contains unstable compounds such as olefins and dienes. The mild hydrotreating gives product having considerably lowered contents of those unstable components and polyaromatics. Considering the markedly low sulfur content as well as lowered (in comparison with the raw pyrolysis oil) tendency to give carbon deposits and the emission of solid particles, the hydrotreating product may be consired an 'ecologically friendly' fuel for feeding industrial furnaces.

PL

Przeprowadzono badania wstępne nad hydrorafinacją oleju popirolitycznego, będącego produktem ubocznym z instalacji pirolizy olefinowej w Petrochemii Płock SA. Doświadczenia wykonano w wielkolaboratoryjnej aparaturze przepływowej, na przemysłowym katalizatorze NiMo/Al2O3. Surowy olej popirolityczny charakteryzuje się bardzo wysoką zawartością aromatów, zwłaszcza dwu- i wielopierścieniowych, zawiera także niestabilne związki typu olefin i dienów. Hydrorafinacja prowadzona w dość łagodnych warunkach (ciśnienie wodoru 3.3 MPa, temperatura 300-350 C, LHSV 1-2 h-1) daje produkty o znacznie obniżonej zawartości składników niestabilnych i poliaromatów. Z uwagi na wybitnie niską zawartość siarki i obniżoną (względem surowego oleju) skłonność do wytwarzania sadzy i nagaru podczas spalania, produkt hydrorafinacji może być rozpatrywany jako 'ekologicznie przyjazne' paliwo do zasilania pieców przemysłowych, głównie w samym przemyśle rafineryjnym.