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Ocena krótkoterminowego wpływu stężeń pyłu zawieszonego na zdrowie mieszkańców Wrocławia

Sówka I., Pachurka Ł, Przepiórka M., Zwoździak A., Rogula-Kozłowska W.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

2016

Tom 18, cz. 2

603--615

Atmospheric pollution caused by particulate matter is a major problem of urban agglomerations and big cities, both in Poland and in Europe. Almost 83% of the population living in major European cities is exposed to the adverse effects of air pollution, due to the presence of concentrations exceeding acceptable levels. The aim of the study was to analyze the seasonal variation of the fine particulate matter concentration and the assessment of its impact on the health of the inhabitants of Wroclaw. Measurement results of research on PM concentrations from Wroclaw in 2013-2015 conducted by the authors, as well as the Regional Inspectorate of Environment Protection (RIEP)were used in this study. The analysis showed that daily concentrations of particulate matter PM2.5 (station situated in the vicinity of Al. Wisniowa) in 2015 were in the range of 6-110 µg/3, whereas the concentrations registered on Na Grobli street were in the range of 5-88 µg/3. The averaged concentration on Na Grobli street recorded in 2014 was:32 µg/3 in the heating season and 16 µg/3in the rest of the year , whereas in the case of Al. Wisniowa: 40 µg/3 and 17 µg/3, respectively. In order to determine the potential impact of selected air pollutants on the health of the inhabitants of Wroclaw, the AirQ 2.2.3 model (The Air Quality Health Impact Assessment Tool) was used. AirQ model allows the assessment of the impact of air pollution on human health in two categories: morbidity and mortality. Analyses showed that the estimated number of cases of mortality per 100 000, relating to the short-term impact of the concentration of dust at the average value of the relative risk of 1.14 for the PM2.5 concentration measured at Al. Wisniowa and at Na Grobli street in 2014 amounted to 166.0 cases and 150.2 cases, respectively.

Concentrations of PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and PM-related elements at two heights in an urban background area in Zabrze (Poland)

Rogula-Kozłowska W., Błaszczak B., Klejnowski K.

Archives of Environmental Protection

2011

Vol. 37, no. 2

31-47

Concentrations and elemental composition of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) ambient particles, at two sampling points located at the same urban background sites, were investigated. The points were 20 m distant from each other and at various heights (2 and 6 m) above the ground. A dichotomous sampler, equipped with a virtual impactor, and a cascade impactor were used to sample the dust. An X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used in the elemental analyses. The investigations revealed heterogeneity of the spatial distribution and the elemental composition of suspended dust at the investigated urban background site. Coarse dust, whose concentration at 2.0 m above the ground was affected by secondary emission from roads, soil and other local low-level sources in some periods, appeared more heterogeneous.

Celem pracy było zbadanie stężeń i składu pierwiastkowego pyłu drobnego (PM2,5) i grubego (PM2,5-10) w dwóch punktach wybranych w obszarze tła miejskiego w Zabrzu. Punkty były w zlokalizowane w odległości 20 m od siebie na różnych wysokościach (2 i 6 m). Do pobierania próbek pyłu wykorzystano dwukanałowy pobornik z impaktorem wirtualnym i impaktor kaskadowy. Badania składu pierwiastkowego przeprowadzono wykorzystując spektrometr fluorescencji rentgenowskiej. Badania wykazały heterogeniczność w rozkładzie przestrzennym i składzie pierwiastkowym pyłu zawieszonego w punkcie tła miejskiego. Wniosek ten dotyczy przede wszystkim frakcji cząstek grubych, których, jak wykazano w pracy, imisję w pewnych okresach, na wysokości 2 m, kształtuje wtórna emisja pyłu drogowego, glebowego i inne lokalne "niskopoziomowe" źródła pyłu.