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Various absorption properties of papers produced from pine and birch pulps

Werner A.E., Stanisławska A.J., Świekatowski W.B.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2006

Vol. 8, nr 4

88-90

The objective of this work was to investigate absorption properties with regard to the type of base paper. Papers of different hardwood to softwood fiber ratio were prepared and coated with K bars of a different wounded wire diameter, which assures various coatings thickness. Coated papers were dried under infrared heaters and stored in constant temperature and constant humidity room. Based on curves obtained during water penetration dynamics investigation, the absorption properties were determined. Cobb index was also measured. The lowest water absorption was found for the coatings applied on papers prepared from the softwood pulp. The increased content of hardwood fibers in the pulp was identified with the increase in the absorption properties. Moreover, it was found that - regardless of the basestock type - the increased coating thickness resulted in lower water absorption as well as in the decreased absorption rate. Cobb60 index measurements confirm the results obtained from the analysis of the penetration curves. Differences in absorption properties were attributed to various characteristics in the softwood and hardwood fibers.

Flora spontaniczna szlamów arsenowych w Złotym Stoku

Giża W.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

2000

Vol. 26, no. 3

125-136

Stwierdzono, że w warstwie ryzosfery (0-25 cm) jest bardzo mało N, Na, Fe i próchnicy, mało P, średnia zawartość Ca i K oraz bardzo dużo Mg. Ich odczyn jest zasadowy. Analiza roślinności wykazała, że przez ok. 40 lat na szlamach pojawiło się 67 gatunków roślin na-czyniowych. Są to wyłącznie apofity, wśród których dominują hemikryptofity, rośliny światłolubne i neutralne w stosunku do kontynentalizmu klimatu oraz mezofity i higrofity, mezo- i eutrofy oraz acidofilne do bazyfilnych. Gatunkiem dominującym jest Calamagrostis epigejos (L), rzadziej występuje Carlina vulgaris L., Centaurea phrygia L., C. Scabiosa L., Daucus carota L. i Festuca rubra L.

This paper describes natural flora of arsenic floatation pulps in Złoty Stok - the origin of arsenic metallurgy in the World (1709-1961). At present the pulps are dried and covered with plants. Physical and chemical characteristics of pulps were investigated. In 0-25 cm layer of pulps there is very little amount of N, Na, Fe and humus a little amount of P, mean quantity of Ca and K, and a very big amount Mg. Pulps pH(KCl) 7,32-7,66. Plants analyses showed, that 67 species of vascular plants had appeared in about 40 years on the pulps. They are only apophytes. Predominant groups are hemicryptophytes, photophillic, neutral according to continentalism, mesophytes and higrophytes, mesotrophes and eutrophes and aci-dophillic in relation to basiphillic ones. Predominant species is Calamagrostis epigejos (L), further Carlina vulgaris L., Centaurea phrygia L., C. Scabiosa L., Daucus carota L. and Festuca rubra L.