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Hydrauliczne aspekty projektowania szlaków zrywkowych w obszarach górskich

Pierzgalski E., Popek Z.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Środowisko

2002

R. 99, z. 5-Ś

55--62

Tree skidding in mountain forests is a difficult problem of forest management engineering. Damage of various size and kind occur in dependence on the skidding method. The soil and plant root systems are damaged at the dragged skidding that is the most popular in Poland. There furrows appear, starting a grooving erosion process, that is later transformed into a gully erosion. The greatest damage, up to 50% of area, occurs at the lack skidding paths, when the skidding goes over the whole forest area. When the network of skidding paths is well developed then the area under damage is lesser. Negative effects of skidding are concentrated then on the area of skidding paths. It results from the literature review that the rules for planning skidding paths in mountains are not uniform. This report analyses a relationship between the selection of the skidding path line and the amount of rainwater running along it, as well as the potential amount of eroded soil. This relationship is a rule not considered at the planning of skidding paths. Soil and topography data (tab. 1) for analysis were adopted on the base of field observation in the watershed of Bystra (Carpathian Mountains). Velocity of water in the skidding paths was calculated according to Manning's formula and concentration of soil material in runoff after Van Rijn's method. Calculations were done for mountain-side for different slopes (5, 15, 20 and 30 stopni) and various location of skidding-path (fig. 1). Length of skidding path and area of water runoff from the mountain-side in dependence on its location is shown on fig. 2. Calculations of eroded material were done for one hour effective rainfall amounted 30 mm. Quantity of sediment rate washed out from skidding-path for all calculated variants are presented on fig. 5.