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1
Content available Pszczyna poviat in the perspective of a green economy. Case study in well-being and living research
Marszowski Ryszard, Kucharski Piotr, Pilch Anna
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
|
2022
|
z. 157
345--362
EN
Purpose: light of the research results presented in this article, the research results respond to the need to create the best conditions for the development of green economy in the Pszczyna poviat in the new perspectives of economic transformation based on one's own potential. Design/methodology: the research results presented in the article were obtained on the basis of a random-quota sample of 100 small, medium, large and large enterprises running his business activity in the area of the Pszczyna poviat. The respondents to the research were only people who own the enterprise or are responsible for its key directions of development. Findings: in the perspective of the conducted research, it seems that the decisive factors contributing to the vision of a green economy in the Pszczyna poviat – in a dynamically changing environment – is the strengthening of sustainable environmental development, in which the needs of the present generation can be satisfied without reducing the chances of future generations to meet them. Originality: the conclusions and recommendations of the study may be of importance to practitioners and researchers dealing with climate change mitigation, strategy implementation, public partnerships for sustainable development conducive to the well-being and quality of life of local communities.
2
Content available Mining municipalities and districts in Poland in the perspective of equitable transformation
Marszowski Ryszard, Kucharski Piotr, Pilch Anna
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
|
2022
|
z. 157
328--344
EN
Purpose: On the basis of their own research, the authors of the article undertook to determine the factors determining future social and economic development and to develop recommendations for strengthening active economic, social and labour market policies in mining municipalities and districts in Poland – in the perspective of the "European Green Deal" plan and "Just Transition" Design/methodology: the results presented in the article were obtained on the basis of the implementation of questionnaire research, expert interviews, literature review, critical literature analysis, documentation analysis, statistical descriptive analysis. Findings: As a result of the analyses and surveys carried out, the article presents an extensive set of conclusions, the most important of which are those relating to social. The presented attempt of the prospective approach to the phenomena and processes which may result from the transformation of the hard coal mining in Poland is aimed at better understanding of the role which may be fulfilled in the future by the local self-government in the area of which the operating or disused mines and mining enterprises are located. Secondly which are related to the perspective of the hard coal mining transformation process, first of all showed terms the scale of challenges faced by mining municipalities. The indicated processes are nowadays dominated by the challenge of creating new ecological solutions of high quality both in the sphere of their social acceptance in the utilitarian dimension. It is a process that allows for a better understanding of the role of local government in the transformation process, which will probably take up, in a fragmentary way, economic, social and environmental challenges resulting from the contemporary development of economy based on knowledge and determined by the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Originality: the findings and recommendations of the study may become relevant for practitioners and researchers dealing with climate change mitigation, strategy implementation, cross-sectoral partnerships and sustainable development of transformed areas.
3
Content available Przeniesienia
Trillo de Leyva J. L., Dorado J. A.
Pretekst
|
2018
|
Nr 8
42--46
PL
Beton odzwierciedla naturalny proces kształtowania się kamienia, streszczając tysiące lat w kilku dniach. Przeniesienia takich obrazów z powierzchni jak skamieniałości są natychmiastowe; kamień i beton stają się środkiem, który przenosi obrazy miejsca i minionego czasu w przyszłość. Rzeźbiarz Eduardo Chillida miał swój udział w przemianach i przeniesieniach betonu.
EN
The concrete repeats the natural process of stone formation, thousands of years summarized in days. Transfers of surface images, such as fossils, are instantaneous; stone and concrete become a means that translates to the future the images of a place and a past time. The sculptor Eduardo Chillida has contributed to the transmutation and transfer of concrete.
4
Content available Aspekty prawne przetwarzania komunalnych osadów ściekowych do biowęgla w ujęciu ustawodawstwa polskiego
Mełgieś K., Malińska K.
Prace Instytutu Ceramiki i Materiałów Budowlanych
|
2016
|
R. 9, nr 26
96--107
PL
W artykule przedstawiono efekty rozważań dotyczące aktualnego stanu prawa krajowego w zakresie możliwości przekształcania komunalnych osadów ściekowych w procesie pirolizy do biowęgla. W ramach tych rozważań podjęto próbę udzielenia odpowiedzi na fundamentalne pytania: Czy jest prawnie dopuszczalne stosowanie procesu pirolizy do przekształcania osadów do biowęgla i jaki ewentualnie status prawny posiadałby powstały materiał? Jakie wnioski na przyszłość powinny determinować ustawodawcę w obliczu obiecujących rezultatów przeprowadzanych doświadczeń i prac badawczych? W rozważaniach uwzględniono również komentarze i pytania przedstawicieli nauki i przemysłu na temat możliwości przetwarzania osadów ściekowych do biowęgla, które padły w dyskusji podczas konferencji naukowej „Biowęgiel w Polsce – nauka, technologia, biznes” (29–30.05.2016, Serock, Polska).
EN
The article presents the results of the analysis of the current legal situation for the possibilities of thermal conversion through pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge into biochar. The authors attempt to give the answers to some of the fundamental questions including: Is it legal to convert municipal sewage sludge through pyrolysis into biochar? What would be the legal status of the material obtained from pyrolysis of sewage sludge? What has to be taken into account in response to technological advancement when making new laws? The article also addresses the comments and concerns voiced by the representatives of the universities and industry who participated in the discussions during the scientific conference on „Biochar in Poland – science, technology, business” (29–30.05.2016, Serock, Poland).
5
Content available Charakterystyka przemian układu obronnego Wawelu. Próba oceny znaczenia jego estetyki w kontekście reakcji po 1945 roku na XIX-wieczne budowle historyczne w Krakowie
Kadela Ł.
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie
|
2015
|
Nr 43
51--65
PL
Zmiany społeczno-gospodarcze po 1945 roku to okres trudny dla krakowskich fortyfikacji, który w świetle nowych potrzeb estetycznych i emocjonalnych przekładał się na szereg dyskusji środowiska konserwatorskiego o podłożu ideologicznym i artystycznym. Jednym z kilku wiodących tematów jest poddawanie pod wątpliwość istnienia XIX-wiecznych, często w swej formie neogotyckich obiektów. Do nich należy zaliczyć elementy układu fortyfikacyjnego Twierdzy Kraków. Autor na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań, analizując fazy historycznych przemian, podejmuje próbę oceny wartości estetycznej fortyfikacji leżących u podnóża wzgórza wawelskiego oraz znalezienia odpowiedzi na pytanie, dlaczego w czasach licznych aktów wandalizmu i likwidacji fortów układ pod Wawelem przetrwał.
EN
Social-economic changes after the year 1945 were a diffi cult period for the Krakow fortifi cations, which in the light of aesthetic and emotional needs translated into a series of ideological and artistic discussions within the conservation milieu. One of the few leading issues was questioning the existence of 19th-century objects – frequently neo-Gothic in their forms – among which were elements of the fortifi cation complex of the Krakow Fortress. On the basis of conducted research and having analysed stages of historic transformations, the author attempts to evaluate the aesthetic value of fortifi cations situated at the foot of the Wawel Hill, and to fi nd the answer to the question why the Wawel complex survived in the times of numerous acts of vandalism and demolition of forts.
6
Content available remote Effect of trial impoundment on downstream macroinvertebrate community during construction of a large dam
Asaeda T., Zaman T., Takahashi Y.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2013
|
Vol. 61, nr 4
787--796
EN
The dam construction has substantial impacts on the downstream environment even from the beginning of construction stages. The stage of impounding water is supposed to have the largest effects on the downstream environment. Monthly observation was carried out during the trial impoundment of a large concrete dam, including water temperature, organic matter fluxes, epilithic chlorophyll a, and macroinvertebrate communities both at the upstream and the downstream water of the impoundment. Both before and after the impoundment, the epilithic chlorophyll a contents and fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) fluxes variations were insignificant. As the impoundment volume increased the downstream water temperature substantially increased in comparison to upstream water temperature. Coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) fluxes (gDW/10min) in the downstream became lower than that of the upstream even with one day of retention period. Chironomidae, Stenopsychidae, Simuliidae, Tipulidae and Hydropsychidae substantially enhanced immediately after the impoundment started, whereas, Taeniopterygidae and Chloroperlidae were declined. It was evident that the trial impoundment has a substantial effect on the downstream biota even from the low volume of water.
7
Content available remote Sustainable eco planning strategies in East Europe (case study of Belgrade)
Milosevic P.
Architecture Civil Engineering Environment
|
2012
|
Vol. 5, no. 4
29--42
EN
Cities are increasingly becoming important economic and political actors in their own right. They need to play a full part in all the situations with which they are confronted, including international relations. Their local authorities and administration have to engage in a dialogue with a wide range of stakeholders, civil society, professionals, as well as state authority representatives. International relations may no longer be an appropriate expression to describe the relations established within the world of today. Intergovernmental agencies are essentially represented by national governments, while global organizations include far more than government representatives, and often encompass not only regional and local governments, but also business interests and civil society. The aim of this research was to seek answers for the range of questions that have arisen recently, on how planners and others could create an environment that meets citizen’s needs in the city. Which factors determine citizens’ friendly environment? In the course of the research project selected issues were surveyed, undertaken on specific themes, such as: urban development, preservation and renewal, facilities, greenery, safety, pressures for change, popularity of sites etc. Certain possible solutions are proposed. This paper is based on research project carried out by the authors in the course of which Warsaw and Belgrade metropolitan areas were surveyed.
PL
Miasta stają się coraz bardziej ważnymi, ekonomicznymi i politycznymi przedstawicielami własnych interesów. Miasta muszą zmierzyć się z różnymi sytuacjami, skonfrontować je wzajemnie, uwzględniać międzynarodowe dyrektywy i relacje. Ich miejscowe władze i administracja muszą zająć się dialogiem z szerokim gronem przedstawicieli społeczeństwa, profesjonalistów jak również reprezentantów władzy. Międzyrządowe agencje zasadniczo są reprezentowane przez rządy, podczas gdy globalne organizacje sięgają daleko dalej niż reprezentanci rządu i często obejmują nie tylko regionalne i lokalne samorządy, ale też interesy biznesu i społeczeństwa. Celem tego badania było poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na szereg pytań, które zadano ostatnio: Jak planiści i inni mogliby utworzyć środowisko, które zaspokoi potrzeby mieszkańca miasta? Jakie czynniki wyznaczają przyjazne środowisko mieszkańców? W trakcie projektu badawczego zostało prześledzone wybrane zagadnienie, zawierające określone tematy takie jak: miejski rozwój, utrzymanie i odnowa, usługi, zieleń, bezpieczeństwo, nacisk na zmiany, popularność miejsca etc. Zostały zaproponowane pewne możliwe rozwiązania. Artykuł powstał dzięki projektowi badawczemu zrealizowanemu przez autorów w trakcie kursu, w czasie którego zostały przeanalizowane miejskie przestrzenie Warszawy i Belgradu.
8
Content available Przemiany terenów zieleni miejskiej Olsztyna
Nowak-Rząsa M.
Architektura Krajobrazu
|
2011
|
nr 4
39--43
EN
The paper discusses transformations observed in urban green spaces in the city of Olsztyn over the last ten years, determined based on the results of a survey and an analysis of the Green Space Management Strategy implemented in Olsztyn. There is a spatially uneven distribution of green areas over the city - the northern part of Olsztyn offers abundant green space, while in the southern part green areas are scarce. Managed urban green space, forests and allotment gardens account for approximately 37% of the total city area. In order to maintain and protect urban green space, zoning plans should cover the entire area of Olsztyn (today they cover around 50% of the city area).
9
Content available Przemiany krajobrazu w dolinie rzeki Odry we Wrocławiu związane z ochroną przed powodzią w okresie ostatnich 200 lat
Faron-Okoniewska A.
Architektura Krajobrazu
|
2010
|
nr 2
34--38
EN
The specificity of the location of Wroclaw in the valley of the Odra river and its four major tributaries (Bystrzyca, Olawa, Sleza, Widawa), distinguishes it from other towns in Poland. The hydrographical network has always heavily influenced the urban landscape, creating an indissoluble bond with him. The objective of the pursued doctoral thesis is to analyze the dynamics of landscape transformation of the Odra in Wroclaw, including the regulation of the river in the XIX century and hydrotechnical facilities, which arose after the big floods in 1903 and 1997. The collected cartographic material will be used such as topographic maps, Messtischblatter, historical town plans, and the results of their landscape research in the years 2007-2010. Spatial analysis will be carried out mainly in the CIS software, based on the developed for this purpose Spatial Information System. The paper will set out the degree of interaction: hydrotechnical development of the Odra river valley and land development in Wroctaw, and the major factors of the urban landscape changes occurring during the past 200 years will be determined.
10
Content available Przemiany urbanistyki, architektury i krajobrazu kulturowego Krakowa w latach 1989-2007. Zarys problematyki
Motak M.
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie
|
2007
|
Nr 21
28--33
PL
Począwszy od 1989 roku w Polsce dokonały się istotne zmiany: odbyła się transformacja ustrojowa i gospodarcza, przyspieszeniu uległy przemiany społeczne i cywilizacyjne, a także nieunikniony postęp techniczny. Nie pozostało to bez wpływu na krajobraz kulturowy Krakowa, jego urbanistykę, architekturę, ochronę zabytków. Na zmiany w tych dziedzinach rzutowało wiele czynników.
EN
Starting from 1989, in Poland, there have been significant changes: there was a political and economic transformation, have accelerated social change and civilization, as well as the inevitable technological progress. There was not without impact on the cultural landscape of Krakow, its urbanism, architecture, protection of monuments. Changes in these areas influenced by many factors.
11
Content available Przemiany wizerunku wsi opolskiej pod wpływem odnowy wsi
Niedźwiecka-Filipiak I.
Architektura Krajobrazu
|
2005
|
nr 1-2
18--26
EN
Revitalization of rural areas, their efficient functioning together with preserving specific "country" character is a value appreciated in European Union countries. Very useful in those domains is the program of Village Renewal, which, through positive thinking of the parts participating in it, brings calculable effects such as increase in social and local activity, improvement of standard and quality of lives of village inhabitants, together with coincident preservation of the identity of the place, tradition and the landscape surrounding it. Opole villages have a very important characteristic, mostly they are of compact development which did not relent to dispersal during the centuries as it occurred in Lesser Poland area. Most of the elaborated villages did not submit to intensive development, hence well preserved, clear special sets and often undisturbed panoramas and entrances to the villages. Additional value is a characteristic yard development with well preserved architectonical details. It can constitute a base to determine directives constituting a base for protection of the identity of the place. The assignment of inhabitants is creating a new image of the village while saving those traditional elements.
12
Content available Współczesne kierunki przekształceń krajobrazu terenów wiejskich Mazowsza
Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz B., Kimic K.
Architektura Krajobrazu
|
2004
|
nr 3-4
26-30
EN
Nowadays the traditional rural landscape of Mazovia created for many ages is changed as the effect of following social and economic transformation. We observe it's degradation in relation to many aspects. The negative changes included: destruction of spatial order connected with the free choice of architecture; the conveyance of urban arduous productive and service functions to villages connected with creation of new works and warehouses on fortuitous places; the disturbance of surroundings' perception caused by the chaos of ground technical arrangements and chaos of information made by ubiquitous aggressive elements of advertising located along the roads; the disturbance of surroundings and the nature manifested by "wild" dumping grounds of rugs; irreversible processes of destroying the sculpture of earth made by wasteful exploitation of scientific resources connected with forming of grovel-pits, sand-pits and excavations; reduction of agricultural landscape to poverty connected with the renunciation of agriculture and formation of waste lands; elimination of typical forms and structures of plants created by people - wayside and field afforestation, reduction of trees from farmyards and cemeteries, resignation of flower front-gardens, common replace native plants by foreign species; the commonness in using of mass-produced garden decorative elements and small architecture; insufficient protection of historical buildings, etc. All of that processes have destructive nature in meaning of superiority of spatial order's preservation and the respect of still existing scientific and cultural matter. If they stay imperceptibly and if we don't stop that occurrences they will threaten the irrevocable loss of lots of valuable and cultivated for many years typical elements of the Mazovia's landscape which decided about its cultural values (the urban structure of villages; historical forms of architecture - traditional rustic buildings with front-gardens, mansion-houses, palaces and churches; elements of agricultural culture - fields crossed by afforestation of pollard willows, old linden access roads, trees planted in relation with houses, churches and cemeteries, wayside crosses and wayside shrines). The rural Mazovia's landscape rich of historical elements and developed with the harmony of tradition is our cultural heritage. That's why the economic progress of that region should concern the process of sensible maintenance of beauty and harmonious landscape with the idea of equable development.
13
Content available Przemiany wsi unijnej na przykładzie Francji, Niemiec, Holandii i Wielkiej Brytanii
Gonda-Soroczyńska E.
Architektura Krajobrazu
|
2004
|
nr 3-4
14-25
EN
It is not easy to elaborate a clear, unequivocal, precise, good, nation-wide conception of policy towards Polish villages and agriculture. It is difficult to mark out appropriate, certain direction of changes in villages which would satisfy all interested parties in this problem, especially farmers, breeders, industry acting for agriculture, entrepreneurs, comestible consumers, ecologists, politicians, etc. Transformations in Polish villages both in the way agricultural economies function and within the limits of aggregate rural existence are necessary. That is why I believe that so as not to make mistakes, which occurred in other union countries ie. Holland, Germany, France, and Great Britain it is essential to look acutely at these countries, especially at all transformations, renewal of village which functioned there, analyse them thoroughly and compare them to Polish conditions. However the objective evaluation of those transformations is not easy, especially that those countries underwent periods of rises and falls during the last few dozen years. They searched for ways out of various crisis. Poland, having the opportunity of benefiting from experiences and effects of those Union members should draw the appropriate conclusions, chose the best options, heeding the influence of changes to environment in Polish villages, village nature protection, preserving the typical rural landscape, cultural traditions, social integration, preventing village inhabitants from migration to cities, development of ecological and biodynamic agriculture, etc. All changes in Polish villages should be directed at ecology and protection of rural areas.
14
Przemiany stopu A14,7%Cu podczas przesycania i izotermicznego starzenia. Analiza dylatometryczna i zmiany twardości
Wierszyłłowski I., Stankowiak A., Wieczorek S.
Inżynieria Materiałowa
|
2003
|
R. XXIV, nr 6
410-412
PL
W oparciu o wcześniej publikowane badania [1] przeprowadzono analizę dylatometryczną przemian zachodzących podczas izotermicznego wygrzewania w 520 stopni Celsjusza i starzenia w 125, 150, 200, 250 i 290 stopniach Celsjusza. Podczas przesycania zachodzi ciągły skurcz próbek trwający około 145 h. Skurcz ten jest spowodowany rozpuszczaniem cząstek CuAl2 i trwającym równocześnie rozrostem ziarna roztworu stałego. Wzrostowi ziarna towarzyszy zmniejszenie się ilości defektów. Badania wykazały, że starzenie w 125 i 150 stopniach Celsjusza prowadzi do początkowego wzrostu wydłużenia, a potem wydłużenie spada. Zmiany te wiążą się z procesami wydzielania, rozpuszczania się wydzieleń i zarodkowania nowych. Podobne zmiany zachodzą ale w znacznie mniejszym stopniu podczas starzenia w 200 stopniach Celsjusza. Starzenie w 250 i 290 stopniach Celsjusza powoduje wzrost wydłużenia spowodowany zubożeniem roztworu stałego alfa w Cu i pojawienie się coraz większej ilości fazy CuAl2. Analiza procesu starzenia wykazała, że wymrożenie w ciekłym azocie po starzeniu powinno spowodować zmiany w roztworze stałym prowadzące do zmian własności mechanicznych. Badania twardości potwierdziły tę hipotezę. Wystąpił 6-16% wzrost twardości dla temperatur starzenia od 175 do 220 stopni Celsjusza w zakresie dłuższych niż 80 min. czasów starzenia. Twardość po przesycaniu i wytrzymywaniu w ciekłym azocie była ok. 20% wyższa niż dla próbek przesycanych i starzonych.
EN
On the basis of former publications [1] dilatometric analysis of transformations during isothermal supersaturation at 520 degrees centigrade and during isothermal aging at temperatures of 125, 150, 200, 250 and 290 degrees centigrade were performed. Alloy Al4,7%Cu was used. During supersaturation continuous decrease of elongation by 145 h was seen. The decrease of elongation was caused by dissolution of CuAl2 particles and increase of grains size. Aging at 125 and 150 degrees centigrade caused the increase of elongation at the beginning and after that gradual decline of elongation. These changes were caused by precipitation in the beginning of processes and dissolution of precipitation later on. The similar changes, but in smaller scale, appeared during aging at 200 degrees centigrade. Aging at 250 and 290 degrees centigrade caused increase of elongation because of decrease of Cu contents in solid solution and precipitation of increasing numbers of Cu Al2 particles. Analysis of aging processes suggested that deep cooling to low temperatures (about - 200 degrees centigrade) can change mechanical properties of alloy. Hardness measurements confirmed this hypothesis. Increase of hardness of 6-16% appeared while aging at 175-220 longer that 80 min. Hardness of specimens supersaturated at 520 degrees centigrade and kept at -196 degrees centigrade by one hour was 20% higher than conventionally supersaturated.
15
Content available remote Zanim będzie za późno...
Kowalak T.
Biuletyn Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki
|
2003
|
nr 1
12-14
16
Content available remote Mikrozgrzewarka z wewnętrzną przemianą częstotliwości
Mikno Z., Zadroga L.
Przegląd Spawalnictwa
|
2002
|
R. 74, nr 11
9-11
17
The transformation of plate and lenticular martensite into austenite in Fe-(25-26) Ni type steels.
Karbownicka J., Szcześniak D., Jeleńkowski J., Jezierska E.
Inżynieria Materiałowa
|
2001
|
R. XXII, nr 4
430-433
EN
The influence of the martensite morphology on characteristic temperatures and reversed transformation mechanism in two types of steel (Fe-Ni-Ti-Al, Fe-Ni-Ti-Mo) was investigated. Obtained from dilatometer results lead to conclusion that the transformation of plate martensite into the austenite starts and finishes in lower temperatures than the lenticular one. The transformation of lenticular martensite into reversed austenite is quicker and increases the dilatometric effect. The experiments with N25T2M steel (with dominant plate morphology of martensite) show that after the first cycle of the reversed transformation all formed martensite was isothermal.
PL
Badano wpływ morfologii martenzytu na temperatury charakterystyczne i mechanizm przemiany odwrotnej w dwóch typach stali (Fe-Ni-Ti-Al, Fe-Ni-Ti-Mo). Otrzymane wyniki badań i porównanie z uprzednio otrzymanymi wynikami prowadzą do wniosku, że przemiana martenzytu płytkowego rozpoczyna się i kończy w temperaturze niższej niż soczewkowego. Przemiana martenzytu soczewkowego w austenit odwrotny jest szybsza i zwiększa efekt dylatometryczny. Doświadczenia przeprowadzone na stali N25T2M pokazały, że cały powstały w wyniku przemiany odwrotnej martenzyt jest izotermiczny.
18
Przemiany podczas chłodzenia w kilku stalach o składzie nominalnym Fe-26Ni-Ti rejestrowane z użyciem wagi magnetycznej
Jeleńkowski J., Szcześniak D., Karbownicka J.
Archiwum Nauki o Materiałach
|
2000
|
T. 21, nr 3-4
165-175
PL
W artykule omówiono wyniki analizy krzywych termomagnetycznych, zarejestrowane za pomocą wagi magnetycznej, które wykorzystano do wyznaczenia temperatur krytycznych oraz cech przemiany gamma <-> alpha' w kilku stalach o składzie chemicznym zbliżonym do składu stopu Fe-26Ni-2Ti, zawierających ponadto dodatki aluminium, molibdenu lub niobu. W porównaniu z wcześniej przeprowadzonymi badaniami dylatometrycznymi i kalorymetrycznymi analiza krzywych termomagnetycznych dostarczyła nowych informacji o przemianach zachodzących w tych stalach podczas chłodzenia. Użycie metody magnetycznej ujawniło przemianę pewnej ilości austenitu paramagnetycznego w austenit ferromagnetyczny. W gruboziarnistych próbkach stali N25T2M obserwowano izotermiczną przemianę austenitu w martenzyt, natomiast w gruboziarnistych próbkach stali N28T3J przemianę atermiczną z wybuchami, obie stwierdzone we wcześniejszych obserwacjach mikroskopowych i w słyszalnych efektach dźwiękowych. Występowanie przemiany magnetycznej austenitu i przemiany martenzytycznej z wybuchami, z powstawaniem martenzytu soczewkowego, świadczy o porządkowaniu się struktury krystalicznej austenitu przed jego przemianą w martenzyt.
EN
The results of the analysis of thermomagnetic curves registered by means of the magnetic balance, have been used to determine the critical temperatures and characteristics of the gamma <-> alpha' transformation in several steels of the Fe-26Ni-Ti type containing some additions of aluminium, molybdenum or niobum. Compared with the previously performed dilatometric and calorimetric investigations, the analysis of thermomagnetic curves has supplied new information on transformations taking place in these steels during cooling. Thanks to the use of the magnetic method the transformation of a certain amount of paramagnetic austenite into ferromagnetic austenite was revealed. In coarse-grained specimens of the N25T2M steel an isothermal transformation of austenite into martensite was observed while in the case of the N28T3J steel an athermal transformation with bursts occured. The existence of both these transformations was corroborated by the previously performed microscopic observations as well as by audible sound effects. the occurrence of the magnetic transformation of austenite and of the martensite burst transformation resulting in the generation of lenticular martensite is indicative of the ordering process in the crystal structure of austenite prior to its transformation into martensite.
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