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Impact of the pandemic crisis on international entrepreneurship

Leszczyńska Małgorzata, Puchalska Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

2023

z. 175

251--270

Purpose: The article aims to analysis the essence of multinational entrepreneurship, the main currents of research conducted in this field, and in the context of the crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic, which creates both economical barriers and opportunities for multinational companies, as well as to present the role of these enterprises in the economies' reconstruction. Design/methodology/approach: The article reviews national and foreign professional, scientific publications concerning economical aspects on multinational entrepreneurship and conducted an analysis based on economic data on the situation of multinational companies, as well as the flow of FDI, including the OECD, International Group of Chambers of Commerce (IGCC) and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor databases (GEM). Findings: The conducted literature and empirical studies allow us to conclude that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on multinational entrepreneurship, including changes in the activities of enterprises and attempts to adapt them to the changing and uncertain environment. The first response to the crisis for international companies is their use of available resources, followed by transformations of supply chains or changes in business models. Regarding multinational companies, the economic slowdown caused by the pandemic can be interpreted not only in terms of threats but also opportunities, as crises may also contribute to the creation of new opportunities for their development. Research limitations/implications: The COVID-19 pandemic and numerous blockages in economies worldwide have created a unique situation that does not yet have a solid theoretical grounding in the economic literature on multinational entrepreneurship (context of the emergence of a crisis), which is a challenge for researchers. Research should also use innovative research methods to a greater extent, i.e., internationalization of complex systems, visualization, computer simulations, and experiments. Practical implications: Regarding empirical research, it is worth noting that it is difficult to decide here to what extent the indicated changes are permanent. Hence there is a need for further research in this area. The existing assumptions concerning the business environment, the theory of internalization and patterns of multinational entrepreneurship, and the relations and connections between multinational entrepreneurship and international views of business and entrepreneurship also require re-analysis. Social implications: The role of international enterprises in the reconstruction of national economies was pointed out. Originality/value: The focus was on the cognitive aspects related to changes in the area of international entrepreneurship, relating to FDI flows and crisis trends caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly due to the fact that in international business research this area of research often abounds in ambiguous conclusions.

Country-level determinants of born-global start-ups rate - empirical analysis based on Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data

Zbierowski P.

Management

2011

Vol. 15, no 2

242-255

There is a substantial variation of international orientation of early-stage entrepreneurial activity among countries. Moreover, that index seems to be quite stable for most countries. That leads to assumption that international orientation of start-ups is strongly determined by country-level factors. The paper aims at answering the question of how country-level variables influence the internationalization intensity among start-ups. The conceptual objective of the paper is to attempt to build a model of macro-level determinants of early-stage internationalization. The international entrepreneurship research lies on the cross-section of international management and entrepreneurship and various theories developed to explain internationalization have been adapted by international entrepreneurship. I seek explanation in resource-based theories and population ecology approach and I use cultural, institutional, macroeconomic and socio-demographic variables to explain the variation in early internationalization intensity. I propose a model of external influences on country-level early-stage internationalization intensity with "international orientation early-stage entrepreneurial activity" as dependent variable. I use Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2008 and 2009 data to check the hypotheses with the use of correlation and multiple regression analysis.

Istnieje znacząca zmienność w poziomie orientacji międzynarodowej przedsiębiorczości na wczesnym etapie między krajami. Ponadto współczynnik ten charakteryzuje się stabilnością w czasie. Prowadzi to do założenia, że orientacja międzynarodowa młodych firm jest silnie zdeterminowana przez czynniki na poziomie kraju. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie: jak czynniki na poziomie kraju wpływają na intensywność internacjonalizacji firm na wczesnym etapie. Celem naukowym jest zbudowanie modelu wpływu czynników na poziomie kraju na wczesną internacjonalizację. Przedsiębiorczość międzynarodowa leży na skrzyżowaniu zarządzania międzynarodowego i przedsiębiorczości, wiele teorii opisujących internacjonalizację zostało przez nią zaadaptowanych. Poszukuję odpowiedzi na postawione pytanie w teoriach opartych na zasobach środowiskowych, używam również czynników kulturowych, instytucjonalnych, makroekonomicznych i demograficznych do wytłumaczenia zmienności w intensywności internacjonalizacji. Przedstawiam model zewnętrznego kształtowania wczesnej internacjonalizacji ze zmienną wyjaśnianą "orientacją międzynarodową aktywności przedsiębiorczej na wczesnym etapie". Wykorzystuję w tym celu dane Globalnego Monitora Przedsiębiorczości z lat 2008 i 2009 w celu testowania hipotez oraz używam metod korelacji i regresji.