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1

Stormwater runoff management in Sandomierz, as an example of medium-sized European city, using SCALGO Live

Warzecha Barbara, Dudek-Klimiuk Joanna

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 59

267--274

EN

European cities face urban, demographic and climate challenges. According to forecasts, annual extreme phenomena will intensify - including torrential rains. Comprehensive solutions (also those based on nature), climate adaptation strategies, runoff management, incorporation of new design (e.g. sponge cities) are urgently required in order to strengthen urban resilience and to minimise the effects of extreme weather events (droughts, floods or heat islands). The aim of the research was to develop a methodology for activating selected elements of blue-green infrastructure within areas of natural and cultural protection as an adaptive tool of urban planning. Modelling of infiltration possibilities, programmed with SCALGO Live Poland software, was performed as a case study based on a research city - Sandomierz (in Poland). Selected parameters (stormwater surface runoff, chosen runoff areas, land cover) are strongly correlated with urban indicators relating to the vegetation coverage (biologically active area - BAA). Results pointed out urban units, which BAA is lower than 25% (e.g. Old Town Square, courtyards of tenement houses). Modelling was carried out for these units by concentrating on the undeveloped area for which the BAA was increased. The enhancement assumed values in the range of 41-45%. In analysed cases, an improvement (decrease) in runoff volume was obtained, even by 8.69%. Simultaneously, infiltration increased by 19.61%, calculated over entire runoff area. Implementation of solutions based on these results, in the form of appropriate planning provisions, can raise the quality of environment (e.g. improving water infiltration) and life (e.g. more effective air cooling on hot nights).

2

Ecosystem services contributing to local economic sectors – conceptual framework of linking ecosystem services, benefits and economic sectors

Sylla Marta

Economics and Environment

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2023

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No. 2

52--67

EN

The paper introduces the principles of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting-Ecosystem Accounting. The aim of the work is to present the application of the conceptual framework of linking ecosystem services, benefits and economic sectors. The analysis relates to year 2012 and 2018. The case study area represents five municipalities that cross borders with the Ślężański Landscape Park and its buffer zone in the Lower Silesia region in Poland. Results show that cropland related ecosystem services contribute to 17% and 14% percent of all companies operating in the case study area. Direct link between agricultural benefits and five economic sectors was established. The ecosystem extent account is created, and the land cover flows analysed. The applicability of ecosystem accounting to local governance is discussed.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe założenia Systemu Rachunków Środowiskowo-Ekonomicznych – rachunków ekosystemowych (ang. the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting). Celem pracy badawczej było praktyczne zastosowanie ram koncepcyjnych łączących usługi ekosystemowe, korzyści z sektorami ekonomicznymi. Analiza obejmo-wała lata 2012 i 2018, dotyczyła pięciu gmin w obrębie Ślężańskiego Parku Krajobrazowego i jego otuliny, leżącego w województwie dolnośląskim. Wyniki pokazują, że ekosystem pól uprawnych przynosi korzyści dla 17 i 14 procent firm działających na terenie wybranych gmin. Zastosowanie wytycznych koncepcyjnych pozwoliło na połączenie korzyści z firmami reprezentującymi pięć różnych sektorów gospodarczych. Ponadto, przeprowadzono analizę zmian pokrycia terenu w badanych dwóch okresach. Na koniec, dyskusji poddano zasadność aplikacyjną rachunków środowiskowo-ekonomicznych w kontekście zarządzania i wspierania podejmowania decyzji.

3

Environmental restrictions on agricultural properties located in protected area in the Western Pomeranian Voivodship

Blaszke Małgorzata, Zaremba Aneta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

71--80

EN

Purpose: The aim of the publication is to provide a concise overview of the restrictions on the use of agricultural properties located in protected areas. Design/methodology/approach: As regards protected areas the Central Statistical Office publishes basic information annually in its studies and in the Local Data Bank on the forms of nature protection established in a given area, such as the area and forms and use in general terms for the whole country or by voivodeship, district and sometimes commune. However, it does not provide information on the overlapping of individual forms of nature protection and their spatial distribution, which was necessary in the case of this study. Therefore, an analysis of the spatial distribution and diversity of protected areas in the West Pomeranian Province was carried out using data made available by the General Directorate for Environmental Protection (individual forms of nature protection), the Central Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation Centre (territorial division units of the country), and cadastral data by districts from the Land Parcel Identification System. The study also used data from the Central Register of Nature Protection Forms maintained by the General Directorate for Environmental Protection and the Local Data Bank provided by the Central Statistical Office. Findings: The most restrictive restrictions on the management of agricultural real estate in protected areas occur in the case of the two most important legal forms of nature protection: national parks and nature reserves. With regard to the other forms of nature conservation, these restrictions are not felt as much by property owners. Originality/value: Research on the analysis of specific properties located in protected areas is rare. The authors wanted to show the constraints, difficulties faced by owners of agricultural properties located in environmentally valuable areas.

4

Analysis of the geotouristic potential of geosites in Divjakë-Karavasta National Park, Albania

Braholli Ermiona, Dhimitri Jostina

Geologos

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2022

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Vol. 28, No. 2

141--155

EN

Elements of geodiversity evaluated for scientific value should be protected, conserved and promoted as potentially important for geotourism. The Divjakë-Karavasta National Park is a large natural area that comprises six geosites along the Adriatic coastline of Albania. Geosites are elements of the geosphere that should be preserved for geoeducation of the present and future generations, in view of the fact that they yield significant data on Earth’s history. By means of the Geosite Assessment Method (GAM) and the SPSS program (version 20), we have analysed the geotouristic values of the Divjakë-Karavasta geosites and interpreted the importance of each subindicator. A correlation analysis, performed through SPSS and Pearson’s correlation coefficient as a test statistics, has been carried out as well. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient reflects the strong relationship between the scientific/educational values (i.e., representativeness and scientific knowledge) and touristic values (promotion, number of visitors, interpretative panels, hostelry services, restaurant services, touristic infrastructure). These coefficients express the importance of the dependence of additional values in the development of geotourism at protected sites.

5

Sustainable tourism as a factor in the development of protected areas in the Pomerania Euroregion

Malkowski Arkadiusz, Dawidowicz Dawid, Zbaraszewski Wojciech, Bieszk-Stolorz Beata, Balas Martin

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2022

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nr 1

189--216

EN

This study aimed to assess the opinion of the inhabitants of protected areas in the Polish--German borderland on the development of tourism using the concept of sustainable tourism. It was examined whether the type of protected area and the country of residence were determinants of sustain-able tourism development. In 2019-2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted among residents near 14 protected areas in the Pomerania Euroregion. Multinomial and ordinal logit models were used in the data analysis. The main limitations of the survey were the inability to refer to similar surveys from previ-ous years and for other protected areas in Poland and Germany. This prevented a complete spatial-tem-poral analysis. The study carried out on the acceptance by inhabitants of the neighbourhood of protected areas in the Pomerania Euroregion is unique. The Polish protected regions of the Pomerania Euroregion were shown to have more significant potential for sustainable tourism development than the German ones. The results also show some differences in the perception of tourism by the Poles and the Germans.

PL

Celem pracy była ocena opinii mieszkańców obszarów chronionych na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim na temat rozwoju turystyki z wykorzystaniem koncepcji turystyki zrównoważonej. Badano, czy rodzaj obszaru chronionego i kraj zamieszkania były determinantami rozwoju turystyki zrównoważonej. W latach 2019-2020 przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe wśród mieszkańców obszarów położonych w pobliżu 14 obszarów chronionych Euroregionu Pomerania. W analizie danych wykorzystano wielomianowe i porządkowe modele logitowe. Podstawowymi ograniczeniami badania był brak możliwości odniesienia się do podobnych badań z lat wcześniejszych oraz dla innych obszarów chronionych w Polsce i w Niemczech. Uniemożliwiło to przeprowadzenie pełnej analizy przestrzenno--czasowej. Przeprowadzone badanie dotyczące akceptacji przez mieszkańców okolic obszarów chronionych w Euroregionie Pomerania ma charakter unikatowy. Wykazano, że regiony polskich obszarów chronionych w Euroregionie Pomerania mają większy potencjał do rozwoju turystyki zrównoważonej niż regiony niemieckie. Wyniki badania pokazują również, że istnieją pewne różnice w postrzeganiu turystyki przez Polaków i Niemców.

6

The Efficiency of Small Reserves for the Conservation of Biological Diversity of Typical Landscapes of the Middle Pobuzhya

Matviichuk Oleksandr, Shevchuk Oksana, Holunova Liudmyla, Khodanitska Olena, Tkachuk Olesia, Polyvanyi Stepan, Vasylinych Tamara

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

79--86

EN

One of the approaches to reduce the level of anthropogenic pressure on natural ecosystems is to form a network of protected habitats in areas that are intensively used by humans. An attempt was made to determine the abundance of flora and fauna and environmental efficiency in the context of intensive agricultural development in the small Podillya reserve «Ivankivskyi». The flora and fauna of the territory on the outskirts of the village Ivanky of Vinnytsia district (Lypovets territorial community) were studied with the help of generally accepted and modified methods. It was conducted to determine the environmental value of the territory, the possibility of functioning within its protected area and at the same time preserving the forms of traditional use by the locals. The birds of the territory as the largest structural component of its fauna are studied in the most detail. The factual material was collected during field research for all the seasons of 2019-2021. Materials of scientific publications, professional literature, oral reports of specialists, etc. were processed. For all species of birds, the nature of the stay on the territory, belonging to different ecological and faunal groups were established: by nesting place and dominant food spectrum. The flora and fauna of this territory have not been studied yet, as well as its environmental value has not been determined. Animal species that are protected by the Red Book of Ukraine, international protection conventions are identified. The results of the study testify to the fact that a specific floral and faunal complex was formed within the studied area, which includes 105 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 75 genera, 26 families and 3 divisions: division Equisetophyta (1 species), Pinophyta (2 species), Magnoliophyta (102 species); 82 species of animals of the Chordata type: class Amphibia (2 species), Reptilia (1 species), Aves (68 species), Mammalia (11 species). The results presented in this publication can be the basis for the organization of further monitoring of flora and fauna of the object, the development of a set of special actions for their preservation.

7

Rewitalizacja rzymskiego amfiteatru w Londynie

Błaszczyński Tomasz Z.

Builder

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2021

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R.25, nr 9

16--19

PL

Ta rozbudowa w sercu londyńskiego City odegrała ważną rolę w planach rozwoju i rozbudowy całego kompleksu Guildhall. Obszar rewitalizacji, duży jak na standardy londyńskiego City, był skomplikowany od samego początku. Projekt był położony w obszarze objętym ochroną konserwatorską, a wszystkie budynki i cały obszar były wpisane do rejestru, więc nowy obiekt od razu się w nim znalazł. Ważnym kryterium, które narzucił klient, czyli władze Londynu (Corporation of London), był swobodny i nieprzerwany dostęp do dziedzińca Guildhall (Guildhall Yard) oraz przestrzeni ceremonialnych Guildhall. Projekt był skończony w 1997 r., ale udostępniono go publiczności w części Art Gallery w 1999 r., a Roman Amphitheatre w 2002.

EN

This development in the heart of the City of London played an important role in the expansion plans and the improvement of facilities within the Guildhall complex. The redevelopment site, large by City standards, was complicated from the outset. The project was located in a conservation area and the new building was subjected to listed building content because of its direct connections with adjacent existing listed buildings. An important criteria throughout the construction was that the Client, the Corporation of London, required uninterrupted access to Guildhall Yard and the use of the ceremonial areas of the Guildhall. The project was completed in 1997 and finally opened to the public in August 1999 and the Amphitheatre in 2002.

8

Wybrane problemy związane z kierowaniem działaniami ratowniczymi na terenach działania i w obszarach chronionych jednostek ochrony przeciwpożarowej

Radkowski Radosław, Zwęgliński Tomasz

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2020

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Nr 73 (tom 1)

261--276

PL

Artykuł poświęcono organizacji kierowania działaniami ratowniczymi w odniesieniu do przynależności terytorialnej jednostek ochrony przeciwpożarowej (JOP) oraz ich zasięgów działania. Warstwę pojęciową odniesiono do terminow: teren działania i obszar chroniony w kontekście wzajemnych zależności oraz ich zamiennego użycia w regulacjach prawa. Bazując na obserwacjach praktyki reagowania na zagrożenia oraz analizie dokumentow, przedstawiono problematykę wyłaniania kierującego działaniami ratowniczymi (KDR) oraz możliwości przejmowania kierowania. Koncentrując się na szczególnym przypadku usytuowania miejsca zdarzenia względem przewidywanego czasu dotarcia sił i środków ratowniczych, podjęto dyskusję dotyczącą interpretacji zapisów i racjonalizacji rozwiązań.

EN

The article is dedicated to the management of emergency response operations. This topic is presented in the context of operational areas and range of territorial response of fire and rescue units. Terminological analysis on the relations between such terms as “operational area” and “protected area” is presented as well as the problem of interchangeable use of the terms in legal regulations. Furthermore, there is an analysis on the process of appointing the officer in charge as well as taking over the function in the course of an emergency response. These findings are based on observations collected during fire and rescue practice and relevant documentation analysis. In consideration of a case study on specific scene and its operational time of deployment, there is a discussion launched on interpretation of the legal terms in this particular context and following that on potential rationalization measures to be taken.

9

Selected problems related to commanding rescue operations in the areas of operation and in the protected areas of fire protection units

Radkowski Radosław, Zwęgliński Tomasz

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2020

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Nr 73 (tom 1)

277--291

EN

The article is dedicated to the management of emergency response operations. This topic is presented in the context of operational areas and range of territorial response of fire and rescue units. Terminological analysis on the relations between such terms as “operational area” and “protected area” is presented as well as the problem of interchangeable use of the terms in legal regulations. Furthermore, there is an analysis on the process of appointing the officer in charge as well as taking over the function in the course of an emergency response. These findings are based on observations collected during fire and rescue practice and relevant documentation analysis. In consideration of a case study on specific scene and its operational time of deployment, there is a discussion launched on interpretation of the legal terms in this particular context and following that on potential rationalization measures to be taken.

PL

Artykuł poświęcono organizacji kierowania działaniami ratowniczymi w odniesieniu do przynależności terytorialnej jednostek ochrony przeciwpożarowej (JOP) oraz ich zasięgów działania. Warstwę pojęciową odniesiono do terminow: teren działania i obszar chroniony w kontekście wzajemnych zależności oraz ich zamiennego użycia w regulacjach prawa. Bazując na obserwacjach praktyki reagowania na zagrożenia oraz analizie dokumentow, przedstawiono problematykę wyłaniania kierującego działaniami ratowniczymi (KDR) oraz możliwości przejmowania kierowania. Koncentrując się na szczególnym przypadku usytuowania miejsca zdarzenia względem przewidywanego czasu dotarcia sił i środków ratowniczych, podjęto dyskusję dotyczącą interpretacji zapisów i racjonalizacji rozwiązań.

10

Assessment of Concentrations of Selected Metals in the Groundwater in the Wielkopolska National Park

Fiedler Michał, Zydroń Adam, Korytowski Mariusz

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2020

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Tom 22, cz. 2

1028--1043

EN

This paper presents a statistical analysis of concentrations for selected metals in groundwater samples collected from 15 sites located in the Wielkopolska National Park in four periods of 2017. Concentrations of such metals as B, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn were analysed. Statistical analysis identified two groups of metals in terms of similarity in their concentrations in groundwater. One group is composed of Ba, Ca, K, Mg and Na, while the other comprises B, Fe, Mn and Zn. The analyses showed also considerable variation of investigated elements between various well locations. Three types of location were distinguished: situated nearby open water bodies, situated in the lowest parts of relief and located in the upper and middle parts of slopes.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono statystyczną analizę stężeń wybranych metali w próbkach wody gruntowej pobieranych w roku 2017 w 15 miejscach na terenie Wielkopolskiego Parku Narodowego. Analizie poddano stężenia następujących metali: B, Ba, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na i Zn. Obliczenia statystyczne pozwoliły wydzielić dwie grupy pierwiastków wykazujące podobną zmienność stężeń. Do pierwszej zaliczono Ba, Ca, K, Mg i Na, podczas gdy do drugiej zaliczono B, Fe, Mn i Zn. Analizy wykazały również znaczącą zmienność stężeń badanych metali wynikającą z położenia miejsca poboru próbki w rzeźbie terenu. Wydzielone trzy typy lokalizacji to: położone w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie wód powierzchniowych, położone w najniższych partiach terenu oraz położone w górnych i środkowych partiach zboczy.

11

What Factors can Influence the Expansion of Protected Areas around the World in the Context of International Environmental and Development Goals?

Opršal Zdeněk, Harmáček Jaromír, Pavlík Petr, Machar Ivo

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2018

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Vol. 13, nr 1

145--157

EN

The protection of biodiversity is an integral part of sustainable development. All the major international environmental and development programs – Aichi Biodiversity Targets, Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals – have committed countries to conserving valuable ecosystems by ensuring that a certain proportion of their terrestrial and marine areas are protected. While many countries have registered improvements in their coverage of protected areas, a significant number are behind in their targets. This paper attempts to shed light on the role of various factors in nature conservation which go beyond the performances of individual countries. Regression analyses were performed on variables that could influence the coverage of protected areas. The main findings point to the significance of economic development, whereas other factors remain less relevant. Although the level of economic development corresponds to the protected areas on an individual country level, it does not automatically ensure a slowdown in biodiversity loss.

PL

Ochrona bioróżnorodności jest nieodłączną częścią zrównoważonego rozwoju. Wszystkie znaczące międzynarodowe programy ekologii i rozwoju – Cele Aichi (Aichi Biodiversity Targets), Milenijne Cele Rozwoju (Millennium Development Goals) oraz Cele Zrównoważonego Rozwoju (Sustainable Development Goals) – zobowiązały kraje do ochrony cennych ekosystemów poprzez zapewnienie, że pewne części ich lądowych oraz morskich obszarów będą podlegały ochronie. Wiele krajów zanotowało wzrost zasięgu ich obszarów chronionych, jednak wiele innych nie osiąga zamierzonych celów. Niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na ogólnej próbie analizy różnych czynników wpływających na ochronę środowiska związanych z ochroną środowiska. Wykorzystano analizę regresji zastosowaną wobec zmiennych, które mogą wpływać na przyjmowaną powierzchnię obszarów chronionych. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują na znaczącą rolę rozwoju ekonomicznego, podczas gdy inne czynniki wydają się mniej znaczące. Chociaż stopień rozwoju ekonomicznego odpowiada wielkości chronionych obszarów na poziomie poszczególnych krajów, nie oznacza to automatycznie spowolnienie tempa ubytku bioróżnorodności.

12

Społeczne postrzeganie rozwoju zabudowy w Ojcowskim Parku Narodowym i jego otulinie

Zawilińska Bernadetta, Kochel Laura

Biuletyn Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN

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2018

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No 272

344--355

EN

The article presents the problem of the settlements development in the Ojców National Park (ONP) and its buffer zone, both located in the suburban area of Cracow (Poland). The aim of the research was to recognize the social perception of this phenomenon, as well as the residents opinion about the limitations in spatial management related to the functioning of the Park. Interviews were made among 204 residents, and 40 representatives of local self-governments, cultural institutions, associations, administrators of tourist facilities and entrepreneurs. The local community perceives constraints in the new buildings construction and in enlargement or modernization of the existing ones as the main problem for people living in the ONP or its buffer zone. Driven by their particular interests, residents advocate the further development of the settlements and tourist infrastructure within the Park and the buffer zone, the liberalization of regulations, and even the liquidation of the Park’s buffer zone. They do not understand that the natural and landscape values (highly appreciated by them) can be degraded due to these activities.

13

Factors Affecting Alien and Native Plant Species Richness in Temperate Nature Reserves of Northern China

Zhang X., Wang H., Wang S., Wang R., Wang Y., Liu J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 4

320--333

EN

Understanding the factors affecting the species richness of alien and native plant is a key issue for predicting the spread of alien species and protecting rare and endangered native species in nature reserves. To investigate the factors affecting alien and native species richness in temperate nature reserves of China, we used a database of 25 nature reserves in Shandong Province of northern China, and studied the relationship of alien and native plant species richness with climatic and anthropogenic factors, as well as area and elevation range. We found that most of the nature reserves in Shandong Province have been invaded by alien plant species. The distribution of alien and native species responds to the same climatic factors, and temperature and precipitation exert strong effects on both groups. Alien and native plant species richness are positively correlated. Human activity is more effective for explaining richness of alien than for native species. Simultaneously, human activity has stronger effects on alien herbaceous than on alien woody plants. Our results suggest that native species richness is mainly explained by climatic factors, whereas alien species richness is mainly explained by climatic factors and human activity together.

14

The Anthropogenic Inundated Area ”Szczecin” in the Zone of Active Underground Exploitation of Hard Coal in the Lublin Coal Basin

Ciosmak M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 2

70--80

EN

The investigated area lies in the geographical centre of Lublin Province. More specifically, it is located in the northern part of the Central Coal Region, between the Puchaczów-Urszulin route and the route leading through the village of Szczecin, which the investigated inundated area is named after, and between the town of Dratów and the ”Bogdanka” Hard Coal Mine. The Lublin Upland, with the Lublin Coal Basin located in its centre, has one of the most valuable natural environments in Poland. There are many reserves, Poleski National Park and Natura 2000 area. The process of the intensive hard coal exploitation makes subsidence of surface as its result. The process of basin subsidence is irreversible. This paper deals with the problem of forming an anthropogenic water reservoir and its development in compliance with the policy of sustainable development and biodiversity maintenance in the face of heavy hard coal exploitation. It is suggested to use fluorides ground water to organize a health resort based on water reservoir and the described natural environment.

15

Profesor doktor habilitowany Witold Sławiński (1888–1962)

Pawłat H.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2015

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Vol. 24, No. 3

311--313

PL

Witold Sławiński urodził się 27 listopada 1888 roku w Wilnie. Jego korzenie rodzinne związane były z majątkiem położonym w miejscowości Kiena Sławińska koło Wilna, gdzie osiadł prapradziad Jan Sławiński. Jego syn Piotr (pradziad Witolda) był astronomem – profesorem na Uniwersytecie Wileńskim, a pradziad ze strony matki Kazimierz Dmochowski – arcybiskupem mohylewskim.

16

Gospodarka odpadami na obszarach przyrodniczo cennych w Polsce. Wybrane aspekty

Łuniewski S.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2015

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nr 3

145--153

EN

There is an asymmetry between valuable natural areas and protected areas. All these areas are naturally valuable, but not all valuable natural areas are embraced by different forms of a nature protection. On these sites it is essential to preserve and to maintain a landscape and biodiversity. This shall be done for example by the proper waste management. In Poland valuable natural areas are under a general jurisdiction, that is, they are in order to be under a binding law and executive acts of the subjective field. An integrated waste management in valuable natural areas should be ecologically efficient, economically effective and socially acceptable.

17

Linking the historical research with the growth simulation model of hardwood floodplain forests

Simon J., Machar I., Buček A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 2

273--288

EN

Hardwood floodplain forests of lowland rivers in the temperate zone of Europe represent important refugia for biota in the cultural landscape. Most of these habitats that are in near natural state are included in the system of protected areas and ecological networks. This paper presents the results of an innovative method for the assessment of hardwood floodplain forest management strategy. This method is based on combining the analysis of historical development of the forest ecosystem with the growth simulation model of the forest. The method allows us to understand (explain) the current state of the hardwood floodplain forest ecosystem and to predict its future development taking into account the applied forest management strategy. Application of this method is promising especially in protected areas because it allows us to assess the suitability of the chosen strategy that is included in the protected area management plan. The research was conducted in the area of ‘Bahna’ in Litovelské Pomoraví protected landscape area (Czech Republic). The current management strategy applied on the hardwood floodplain forest ecosystem in the study site is based on a strict non-intervention protection regime. Historical research of the forest ecosystem showed that the studied floodplain forest habitat is a relic of coppice with standards system and thus is the result of intensive forest management in the past. Growth simulation model showed that in the future 40 years the assessed management strategy will not lead to significant changes in the structure or diversity of the tree layer. Considering the conservation objectives of the reserve (maintenance of biodiversity and the present character of the forest ecosystem dominated by ash and oak), the current management plan does not require any significant corrections. The presented results can be applied in discussions about optimal management strategies in protected areas containing hardwood floodplain forest ecosystems, which belong to priority natural habitat types in the Natura 2000 network.

18

Contemporary environs of watercourses in Szczyrk – the Silesian Beskids

Łysień M.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2014

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R. 111, z. 4-A

45--53

EN

As a town of abundant natural environment resources, Szczyrk provides a good example of the spatial transformations taking place in recent years. The changes also affect watercourses and areas indicated as eligible for the status of protected areas. Nevertheless, the changes now in progress not only fail to comply with the currently valid trends in architecture and urban planning, but also frequently copy erroneous solutions from the past. The existing situation calls for undertaking appropriate actions for the future, which will enable preservation of the natural environment in the possibly unchanged form so that it could coexist with humans and their activities.

PL

Szczyrk jako miasto o bogatych zasobach środowiska przyrodniczego jest przykładem transformacji przestrzennych dokonujących się w ostatnich latach. Zmianom tym podlegają także cieki wodne oraz obszary postulowane do nadania im statusu obszarów chronionych. Jednak dokonujące się przemiany nie tylko rozmijają się z obowiązującymi trendami w architekturze i urbanistyce, lecz często powielają błędne rozwiązania z przeszłości. W istniejącej sytuacji zachodzi potrzeba podjęcia odpowiednich kroków na przyszłość. Umożliwi to zachowanie środowiska naturalnego w możliwie niezmienionej formie tak, by mogło ono koegzystować z działalnością człowieka.

19

Accuracy assessment of automatic image processing for land cover classification of St. Petersburg protected area

Bogoliubova A., Tymków P.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Geodesia et Descriptio Terrarum

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2014

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Vol. 13, nr 1-2

5--22

EN

This study analyzes the evaluation of land cover supervised classification quality. Authors put forward the hypothesis that the overall accuracy of image classification depends on its division into parts of the same area. The dependence is described by the logarithmic curve – Т = 4.3004·ln(x) + 72.697, because the determination coefficient is maximum (R2 = 0.9678). The research area was the Yuntolovo reserve, the protected area near St. Petersburg (Russia). In order to increase the overall accuracy of the land cover automatic classification based on aerial images, a new methodology of data preprocessing was introduced. The proposed method of estimating the overall classification accuracy of land cover protected areas increases on average by 10% by dividing the source aerial image into no more than 10 equal parts. With further partitioning of the image into parts of the same area, the overall accuracy is slightly increased. Pixel-based image analysis of supervised classification and error matrix were evaluated using ILWIS 3.31 software and in our own software in .NET environment.

PL

W pracy dokonano analizy sposobów oceny jakości klasyfikacji pokrycia terenu na danych obrazowych. Autorzy wysunęli hipotezę, że ogólna dokładność klasy- fikacji obrazu zależy od jego podziału w procesie klasyfikacji na podobszary. Zależność tę opisano krzywą logarytmiczną Т = 4,3004⋅ln(x) + 72,697, dla której uzyskano najwyższy współczynnik determinacji (R2 = 0,9678). Badania prowadzono dla rezerwatu Yuntolovo, chronionego obszaru w pobliżu Sankt Petersburga (Rosja). W celu zwiększenia ogólnej dokładności automatycznej klasyfikacji pokrycia terenu na podstawie zdjęć lotniczych autorzy zaproponowali nową metodologię wstępnego przetwarzania danych. Proponowana metoda, polegająca na podziale obrazu klasyfikowanego na nie więcej niż dziesięć równych części, poprawia ogólną dokładność klasyfikacji pokrycia obszarów lądowych średnio o 10%. Podział na większą liczbę części nie zwiększa już znacząco jakości klasyfikacji, a dodatkowo wprowadza niejednoznaczności spowodowane zmniejszaniem próby uczącej. Klasyfikację obrazów i analizę dokładności prowadzono z wykorzystaniem pakietu ILWIS 3.31 oraz autorskiego oprogramowania stworzonego w środowisku NET.

20

Problem hałasu generowanego podczas robót drogowych na obszarach chronionych i na terenach zurbanizowanych

Gardziejczyk W.

Przegląd Budowlany

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2010

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R. 81, nr 2

45-51

PL

W otoczeniu większości dróg samochodowych w naszym kraju, zarówo tych głównych, jak i dróg o mniejszym znaczeniu, dopuszczalny poziom dźwięku jest znacznie przekroczony. Dodatkowym problemem jest hałas emitowany przez pracujące maszyny i urządzenia wykorzystywane przy budowie, przebudowie czy modernizacji dróg i ulic. Roboty drogowe często są prowadzone w pobliżu budynków mieszkalnych, na terenach chronionych, na obszarach Natura 2000 i chociaż mają charakter przejściowy i lokalny, naruszają "życie" w środowisku oraz mogą przyczyniać się do jego degradacji. Ważną sprawą z punktu widzenia ochrony środowiska jest odległość od wykonywanych prac budowlanych.

EN

In the vicinity of most of Poland's roads, including both main roads and those of secondary importance, permissible noise levels are signilicantly exceeded. An additional problem is the noise emitted by working machinery and equipment used in the building, reconstruction and improvement of roads and streets. Road works often take place in the vicinity ol residential buildings, in protected areas or at Natura 2000 sites, and although these works are of a temporary and localized nature, they disturb "life" in the environment and may lead to its degradation. An important issue for environmental protection is distance from ongoing construction work.