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w słowach kluczowych: prophylaxis of pneumoconiosis

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Słabe ogniwa systemów zaopatrzenia, doboru i stosowania półmasek filtrujących w kopalniach węgla kamiennego

Kalus A.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

2018

nr 12

3--9

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia i problemy związane z systemami zaopatrzenia, doboru i stosowania półmasek filtrujących/filtrów w kopalniach węgla kamiennego. Zwrócono uwagę na słabe ogniwa tych systemów, umożliwiające często ochronę pozorną i stwarzające iluzję ochrony rzeczywistej. Wskazano na szkodliwość funkcjonujących w górnictwie mitów i półprawd na temat poprawy profilaktyki pylicy płuc. Określono warunki konieczne skutecznej ochrony związane z prawidłowym doborem i stosowaniem półmasek filtrujących.

The article shows weak links in the supply, selection and use systems for filtering facepiece respirators in hard coal mines and necessary conditions for effective protection. Too often the common misconception prevails that in order to improve the effectiveness of employee protection it is enough to use higher protection class filtering equipment than required. Meanwhile, in addition to the protection class, the effectiveness of protection is also dependent on whether a respirator fits the shape and size of the face well (tightness of the respirator) and on the nuisance of using a respirator in real working conditions (breathing resistance and ergonomics). Unfortunately, the breathing resistance of commercially available filtering respirators or respirator filters is not provided in the technical specifications, which makes it impossible to perform a comparative analysis in this respect or to use this information when determining the terms of tender procedures. This leads to the situation where breathing resistance of filtering respirators or respirator filters is not taken into account during tenders, and the criterion of the lowest price gives an advantage to inferior products at the expense of products made of better materials and with better parameters. It is believed that the type-approval certificate for compliance with the relevant technical standard issued by the notified body for a facepiece respirator or filter guarantees that this protection measure will work even in difficult microclimate conditions at high temperature and air humidity. This is not always the case since the temperature and humidity conditions in which the respirators or filters are tested in a laboratory are significantly different from the most severe conditions that occur at the mining work stations. As a result, in difficult microclimate conditions key parameters, such as breathing resistance, may be significantly greater than those set in the laboratory and unacceptable to employees.