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Zastosowania laserów w medycynie ze szczególnym uwzgędnieniem chorób nowotworowych

Graczyk A., Kwaśny M., Mierczyk Z.

Postępy Fizyki

2000

T. 51, z. 1

16-21

The paper describes fundamental mechanisms of laser radiation interaction with biological tissue and resulting possibilities of lasers application in medicine. An idea of photo dynamic therapy (PDT) is also presented. This therapy consists in selective oxidation of biological material of tumor tissue by singlet oxygen or radical forms. These factors are generated by molecular oxygen dissolved in cells and exogenously introduced photosensitiser that is better cumulated in diseased tissues than in healthy ones as well as by the light of adequate power and wavelength matched to absorption bands of a sensitiser. It allows for selection of tumor tissues and their destroying with simultaneous protection of the healthy ones. Also presented is the method of tumors detection by means of laser induced fluorescence (LIF), i.e. registration of spectra of areas having various fluorescence. These spectra appear under influence of incident radiation that excites adequate fluorising sensitisers (fluorophores) contained in a biological material. Changes in emission spectra of tumor tissues result from qualitative and quantitative difference of fluorophores in an organism. These changes are the basis for analysis of a state of biological tissue in diagnosis of artherosclerosis, nephrolithiasis, and urolithiasis, and especially of early-stage tumors.