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EN
The article presents contemporary challenges faced by tire manufacturers. General trends in the development of the tire industry are outlined. The negative impact of rubber waste on the environment was emphasized. The production process of radial tires used in passenger cars is presented. The basic constructions of tires and the components used for their production are discussed. The meaning and functions of the tire components are presented. The flow of the production process has been described, including all its stages. The possibilities of modern VMI MAXX tire assembling machines were commented, and the tire assembling process was characterized in detail. Methods of routine tire quality control used in mass production are discussed. The values describing the uniformity of tires were characterized. The division of tire defects used in the tire industry is presented. The tools and methods for detecting tire defects were characterized. Contemporary trends in the elimination of tire defects have been identified, especially emphasizing the potential of methods based on the use of artificial intelligence. It was noted that a solution to reduce the amount of tire waste due to exceeding the uniformity limits is needed. Authors noticed new opportunities thanks to the modern technologies used to register the tire assembling process.
PL
W artykule opisano cykl życia odpadów gumowych na przykładzie zużytych opon. Przedstawiono najpopularniejsze sposoby ich wykorzystania i zagospodarowania. Artykuł opisuje stan gospodarki odpadami oraz stosowane metody zagospodarowania zużytych opon w Polsce w latach 2015- 2017. Celem artykułu jest zaproponowanie nowych rozwiązań, które pozwolą zapanować nad ilością opon wprowadzonych na rynek przez rozwiązania legislacyjne. Analiza aktualnego sposobu zagospodarowania zużytych opon może pozwolić na ich jeszcze lepsze wykorzystanie oraz utylizację. Przedstawiono również uwarunkowania legislacyjne dotyczące utylizacji odpadów gumowych (stan aktualny na 1 marca 2020 r.).
EN
The lifecycle of rubber waste, based on the example of used tires is presented in this paper. The main focus is put on the methods of the waste management and further utilization. This is considered and described in details in relation to the situation in Poland over the period of 2015- 2017. The aim of the article is to propose new solutions that will allow to "control" the number of tires introduced to the market through legislative solutions. An analysis of the current way of managing used tires may allow for their better use and disposal. Complementary to the major considerations, the legislative conditions regarding the utilization of rubber waste are introduced (the status obligatory to 01.03.2020).
3
Content available remote Olsztyńskie Zakłady Opon Samochodowych : 1967-1995
EN
The aim of an ergonomics intervention conducted in the tire manufacturing industry was to improve working conditions. Before the start, a senior manager supported the intervention. Participants were divided into teams and trained. After observing the overall performance of the teams, over 100 improvements were successfully implemented. After the improvements, there were statistically significant differences in annual and weekly prevalence of, and annual disability reported for, the upper back, the lower back, knees and wrists between before and after intervention. The annual prevalence of upper back, lower back, knee and wrist complaints decreased from, respectively, 60.3%, 50.2%, 28.9%, 25.8% before the intervention to 31.3%, 35.9%, 17.1%, 20.7% after the intervention. Significant factors were training and supportive environment based on full commitment of the top management.
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