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Wybrane aspekty jakości mleka surowego w ujęciu sezonowym

Pluta Antoni Stanisław, Piętka Emilia

Przemysł Spożywczy

2020

T. 74, nr 10

14--21

W artykule określono wpływ sezonu dojenia krów na wybrane cechy jakościowe mleka surowego. Analizowano średnią dzienną wydajność mleczną krów oraz średnią zawartość: białka, kazeiny, tłuszczu, mocznika i liczbę komórek somatycznych (LKS) w ujęciu kwartalnym. Dane zebrano na podstawie dokumentacji hodowlanej dostępnej w wybranych gospodarstwach rolnych znajdujących się na terenie północno-wschodniej Polski. Rasą dominującą w ocenianych stadach była rasa polska holsztyńsko-fryzyjska, odmiana czarno-biała. Stwierdzono, że najlepszym okresem do pozyskiwania mleka wysokiejjakości były miesiące jesienne i zimowe. Ponadto odnotowano przekroczenia dopuszczalnej LKS w mleku wysokowydajnych krów.

The article describes the influence of the season on selected quality characteristics of raw milk. The average daily milk yield of cows and the average content of: protein, casein, fat, urea and the somatic cells count (SCC) on a quarterly basis were analyzed. The data was collected on the basis of breeding documentation available in selected farms located in north-eastern Poland. The dominant breed in the assessed herds was the Polish Holstein-Friesian breed, black and white variety. The autumn and winter months were found to be the best period for obtaining high-quality milk. Moreover, the permissible SCC was exceeded in the milk of high-yielding cows.

Analiza skutków redukcji zatrudnienia w przedsiębiorstwie produkcyjnym spowodowanej sezonowością produkcji

Staniszewski M., Legutko S.

Zarządzanie Przedsiębiorstwem

2010

Vol. 13, nr 2

39-44

Elaboration of the methods of overcoming difficulties resulting from seasonal or temporary production drops depends on the individual enterprise possibilities and the creativity of its managers. An example of demand decrease can be found in the building branch in winter. Dismissing of employees is becoming a kind of defence of less experienced managers and firm owners against sudden drops of the number of orders in the cases of production seasonality combined with competition. Such an action is usually the first idea that comes to the managers when the number of orders goes down; it brings measurable savings concerned costs reduction. However, those are only apparent profits, what has been shown by the authors. The study concerns possible results of workers dismissal performed by an enterprise due to wrong diagnosis and hasty action. The case study presented here shows that dismissal of production workers is a bad solution as a method to survive short time difficulties caused by seasonality of production. Authors considered the enterprise with 3 production sections. Wrong analysis of the market symptoms leads to a decision of dismissals being necessary. Hasty dismissal of a group of 6 persons from production sections leads to decreasing of the elasticity between departments and individual jobs, monthly production volume and quality in the case of productivity increase calculated for one person. Mentioned decision causes additionaly increasing of the specific price of the product, order realisation time, salary contribution to each piece of product, number of mistakes in logistics and number of defective products. Generally, it should be assumed that every employee who has successfully passed the admission interview and become a member of the team is, in the present days, a valuable part of the firm. It should be made sure, therefore, that the time devoted to his training, regardless of how complicated it could have been, does not prove wasted.