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EN
The article discusses selected issues regarding the influence of ecophysiographic and cultural- historical determinants on functional-spatial development of rural areas. Ecological, economic and social processes the have been past few decades are examined in the context of the development of local self-governments and the rise of free market economy after Poland's socio-economic transformation. The process of intensive rural urbanization occurs especially in areas within the impact zone of big cities. It is caused by, i.a., human migration into rural areas and development of areas of business activation. The abovementioned tendencies that occur in the ecological, economic and social context have a significant impact on functional-spatial development. Expansion of housing developments and, in effect, expansion and development of necessary technical infrastructure gives rise to many problems concerning preservation of cultural heritage of the Polish countryside. The selected issues are analysed on the basis of factors and determinants occurring in the area of Lubasz village in Wielkopolskie province. The pursuit of sustainable development of rural areas is fundamental in regard to ruralist solutions as well as preservation of traditional rural architecture. Ecophysiographic and cultural-historical determinants play a considerable role in this pursuit, especially in the context of threats that stem from over urbanization of rural areas.
EN
The article discusses selected issues concerning the influence of ecophysiographic determinants on functional-spatial and socio-economic development in rural areas. Ecological, economic and social processes that have been taking place for the past few decades are examined in the context of the development of local self-governments and transformation of economic processes into market oriented economy following socioeconomic changes in Poland. The process of intense urbanization of the countryside is a common phenomenon that occurs specifically in rural areas that are within the impact zone of a big city. It is caused by i.a. human migration into rural areas as well as by development of areas of business activation. These tendencies, which occur both in the social and economic context, greatly affect ecological processes. Expansion of land development and the ensuing further development of necessary technical infrastructure give rise to numerous problems in natural environment. Ecophysiographic determinants play a vital role in the pursuit of sustainable development of the countryside in the aspect of threats that result from excessive urbanization of rural areas. The author discusses these issues on the example of a study of the village of Lubasz in the wielkopolskie voivodeship.
EN
The article discusses selected issues regarding the influence of cultural-historical determinants on functional-spatial development of rural areas. Ecological, economic and social processes taking place in the last decades are examined in the context of the development of local self-governments and the rise of free market economy after Poland’s socio-economic transformation. The process of intensive rural urbanization occurs especially in areas within the impact zone of big cities. It is caused by, i.a., human migration into rural areas and development of areas of business activation. The abovementioned tendencies that occur in the ecological, economic and social context have a significant impact on functional-spatial development. Expansion of housing developments and, in effect, expansion and development of necessary technical infrastructure gives rise to many problems concerning preservation of cultural heritage of the Polish countryside. The pursuit of sustainable development of rural areas is fundamental in regard to ruralist solutions as well as preservation of traditional rural architecture. Cultural-historical determinants play a considerable role in this pursuit, especially in the context of threats that stem from over urbanization of rural areas.
EN
The article highlights the process of the formation of the Pochayiv Lavra architectural ensemble and the role of the shrine in the history and culture of Ukraine. The historical preconditions for the construction, architectural and planning structure of the complex have been analyzed. The relevance of architectural and planning structure of the Lavra to socio-political factors that influenced the architecture of the complex has been established. The Lavra complex planning has been analysed and its compositional dominants have been determined.
5
Content available remote Unia Europejska wobec zagrożeń asymetrycznych
PL
W przewidywalnej przyszłości, Europie nie zagraża klasyczna agresja militarna - są natomiast poważne przestanki, aby liczyć się ze wzrostem zagrożeń i wyzwań o charakterze asymetrycznym. Częściowo są one wynikiem wewnętrznych procesów społecznych, częściowo zaś efektem aktywności podmiotów zewnętrznych. Przedmiotem analizy jest (przede wszystkim) charakter, skala i kierunki ewolucji wspomnianych zagrożeń; ponadto aktualna i potencjalna zdolność UE (oraz tworzących ją państw) do przeciwdziałania tym zjawiskom, w tym do efektywnej obrony strategicznych interesów europejskich w asymetrycznych działaniach "out of area". Ocena europejskich możliwości w tym zakresie prowadzi do wniosku że głównym problemem Europy nie jest brak potencjału materialnego czy instytucjonalnego lecz brak woli i determinacji wykazywany przez europejskie elity
EN
In the foreseeable future, Europe does not threaten classical military aggression - are the major reasons to count with an increase in threats and challenges of an asymmetric. They are partly the result of internal social processes, and partly the result of activity by external actors. The analysis is (primarily) the nature, scale and direction of evolution of these threats; also actual and potential capacity of the EU (and the states that compose it) to prevent these phenomena, including the effective defense of Europe's strategic interests in asymmetric operations "out of area". Assessment of European capabilities in this area leads to the conclusion that Europe is not the main problem is the lack of substantive or institutional capacity but lack the will and determination shown by the European elite
6
Content available remote Tabele przestawne narzędziem analizy procesów społecznych
EN
The article describes the use of pivot tables as a tool of knowledge discovery in social databases. The calculations are made by means of pivot table in Excel 2007 and PilotData as a Calc spreadsheet tool in OpenOffice.org package. All of the calculations are made on the residence allowance database from Social Welfare Centre at Zgierz city. In particular there is shown a way of social and financial dependency analysis and structural and space analysis.
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