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1

The importance of the vehicle driver's cognitive processes in shaping road safety

Krzewniak Daria

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2021

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Vol. 53, No. 2(200)

285--302

EN

The article addresses road traffic safety. The issue constitutes a contemporary and fundamental social problem. That is because over 1.3 million people die on roads annually globally, while in Poland alone about 3,000 people. The article aims to discuss the factors influencing road safety, emphasizing the human factor and its complexity. A hypothesis was made that the efficiency and nature of cognitive processes affect human activity during road traffic. The method of analyzing the subject literature and the available statistical data and the method of synthesis were used to verify the formulated hypothesis. The text presents the characteristics of the most important cognitive processes and attempts to analyze their significance for the proper functioning of the person driving the vehicle. It is an issue that requires particular emphasis in the process of building road safety. Scientific research and social practice indicate that a significant proportion of road accidents result from inappropriate reception of stimuli from the environment and storage, transformation, and use of information, i.e., broadly understood disorders of cognitive processes.

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego. Problematyka ta stanowi współcześnie aktualny i niezwykle ważny problem społeczny. Wynika to z faktu, iż rocznie na świecie śmierć na drogach ponosi ponad 1,3 mln ludzi, zaś w samej Polsce ginie ok. 3 tys. osób. Celem artykułu jest omówienie czynników kształtujących bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem czynnika ludzkiego i jego złożoności. Postawiono hipotezę zakładającą, że sprawność i charakter procesów poznawczych wpływa na aktywność człowieka podczas ruchu drogowego. Weryfikacji tak sformułowanej hipotezy posłużyły metoda analizy literatury przedmiotu i dostępnych danych statystycznych oraz metoda syntezy. W tekście przedstawiono charakterystykę najważniejszych procesów poznawczych oraz podjęto próbę analizy ich znaczenia dla właściwego funkcjonowania osoby kierującej pojazdem. Jest to kwestia, która wymaga szczególnego wyeksponowania w procesie budowania bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego. Badania naukowe i społeczna praktyka wskazują bowiem, że znaczna część zdarzeń drogowych stanowi konsekwencję niewłaściwego odbioru bodźców z otoczenia, przechowywania, przekształcania i wykorzystywania informacji, czyli szeroko rozumianych zaburzeń procesów poznawczych.

2

Generating placated random shapes for an area estimation study

Almowanes A., Kakiashvili T., Koczkodaj W. W.

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics

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2013

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Vol. 12, nr 2

5--13

EN

Random but visually nice shapes are often needed for cognitive experiments and processes. This study describes a heuristic for generating random but nice shapes. We call them placated shapes. These shapes are produced by applying the Gaussian blur to randomly generated polygons. Subsequently, the threshold is set to transform pixels to black and white from different shades of gray. This transformation produces placated shapes for easier estimation of areas. Randomly generated placated shapes are used for testing the accuracy of cognitive processes by pairwise comparisons. They can also be used in many other areas such as computer games or software testing. Such shapes could also be used for camouflaging heavy army equipment.

3

Between virtual and natural reality - the questions and the answer

Bazewicz M., Przystupa F. W.

Systems : journal of transdisciplinary systems science

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2007

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Vol. 12, nr 1

19-29

EN

Values of information, knowledge and reasoning processes are, indeed, the basis of intellectual conditions in creating cognitive processes of the nature and visions of the mankind. Thus, what are the perspectives in the generalization of such cognitive values in the present education that is dominated by shaping thinking by categories of theories and logistics of two-valued manipulations? The answer is in new methods of the knowledge flow - through the well-known instrument of communication and comprehension - the metaphor. The stated problems of our times will not be solved by traditional methods. When the metaphoric transmission of information is practiced as a complete transmission of reality, the participant will swiftly approach the edge of the map of own knowledge, and will then cross it, boldly. Metaphors may be applied for similarity description of two domains, when relations are found that are not identical but fuzzy. Using a metaphor: an ocean is described through a description of a drop of water. The second level in metaphoric channel of communication is the analysis of problems.

4

Will the analysis of brain bioelectric signal allow for insight in other people's thoughts?

Zyss T.

Journal of Technical Physics

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2003

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Vol. 44, no 3

245-259

EN

This paper describes common application of brain mapping and high resolution EEG techniques to identification of cognitive process in sensory cortical area of human brain.