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1

Quantitative Prediction of Air Entrainment Defects in Casting Filling Process

Yin Yajun, Xie Yao, Song Yingchen, Shen Xu, Ji Xiaoyuan, Zhou Jianxin

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, iss. 4

117--126

EN

Air entrainment defect is a common type of defect in the casting process, which will seriously affect the quality of the casting. Numerical simulation technology can predict the occurrence of casting defects according to the evolution law of liquid metal in the process of filling and solidification. The simulation of air entrainment process is a hot and difficult issue in the field of numerical simulation. The evolution law of air entrainment and the tracking of induced bubbles in the process of metal filling are still lacking. So is the quantitative prediction of trained gas. In this paper, based on the numerical simulation software of Inte CAST, this paper proposes an algorithm for air entrainment search and tracking, which is used to develop a quantitative prediction system for air entrainment. The feasibility of the system is verified through the simulation calculation of the typical test pieces of the air entrainment and the prediction of air entrainment defects of the casting in the process of filling is obtained through the simulation calculation of the actual casting, which can provide a certain guiding role for the optimization of the process in the production practice.

2

Parametric Optimization for Producing Semi-Solid A383 Alloy using Cooling Slope Casting Process

Rao M. S., Khandelwal Himandshu, Kumar M., Kumar A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

43--52

EN

Cooling slope casting is a simple technique to produce semi-solid feedstock with a non-dendritic structure. The cooling slope technique depends on various parameters like slope length, slope angle, pouring temperature etc, that has been investigated in the present study. This work presents an extensive study to comprehend the combined effect of slope angle, slope length, pouring temperature, on hardness and microstructure of A383 alloy. Response Surface Methodology was adopted for design of experiments with varying process parameters i.e. slope angle between 15o to 60o, slope length between 400 to 700 mm, and pouring temperature between 560 oC to 600 oC. The response factor hardness was analysed using ANOVA to understand the effect of input parameters and their interactions. The hardness was found to be increasing with increased slope length and pouring temperature; and decreased with slope angle. The empirical relation for response with parameters were established using the regression analysis and are incorporated in an optimization model. The optimum hardness with non-dendritic structure of A383 alloy was obtained at 27o slope angle, 596.5 mm slope length and 596 oC pouring temperature. The results were successfully verified by confirmation experiment, which shows around 2% deviation from the predicted hardness (87.11 BHN).

3

Evaluation of the Temperature Distribution of a Die Casting Mold of X38CrMoV5_1 Steel

Majernik J., Podařil M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2019

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iss. 2

107--112

EN

Relatively cold die material comes into contact with the substantially higher temperature melt during the casting cycle, causing high thermal fluctuations resulting into the cyclic change of thermal field. The presented contribution is devoted to the assessment of the impact of temperature distribution on individual zones in the die volume. The evaluated parameter is the die temperature. It was monitored at two selected locations with the 1 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm spacing from the die cavity surface to the volume of cover die and ejector die. As a comparative parameter, the melt temperature in the middle of the runner above the measuring point and the melt temperature close to the die face were monitored. Overall, the temperature was monitored in 26 evaluation points. The measurement was performed using the Magmasoft simulation software. The input settings of the casting cycle in the simulation were identical to those in real operation. It was found, that the most heavily stressed die zones by temperature were within the 20 mm from the die face. Above this distance, the heat supplied by the melt passes gradually into the entire die mass without significant temperature fluctuations. To verify the impact of the die cooling on the thermal field, a tempering system was designed to ensure different heat dissipation conditions in individual locations. At the end of the contribution, the measures proposals to reduce the high change of thermal field of dies resulting from the design of the tempering channel are presented. These proposals will be experimentally verified in the following research work.

4

The Microstructure and Properties of the Bimetallic AZ91/AlSi17 Joint Produced by Compound Casting

Mola R., Bucki T.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 1

71--76

EN

Bimetallic AZ91/AlSi17 samples were produced by compound casting. The casting process involved pouring the AZ91 magnesium alloy heated to 650ºC onto a solid AlSi17 aluminum alloy insert placed in a steel mould. Prior to casting, the mould with the insert inside was heated to about 370ºC. The bonding zone formed between AZ91 and AlSi17 had a thickness of about 200 μm; it was characterized by a non-homogeneous microstructure. Two different areas were distinguished in this zone: the area adjacent to the AZ91 and the area close to the AlSi17. In the area closest to the AZ91 alloy, a eutectic composed of an Mg17Al12 intermetallic phase and a solid solution of Al in Mg was observed. In bonding zone at a certain distance from the AZ91 alloy an Mg2Si phase co-occurred with the eutectic. In the area adjacent to the AlSi17 alloy, the structure consisted of Al3Mg2, Mg17Al12 and Mg2Si. The fine Mg2Si phase particles were distributed over the entire Mg-Al intermetallic phase matrix. The microhardness of the bonding zone was much higher than those of the materials joined; the microhardness values were in the range 203-298 HV. The shear strength of the AZ91/AlSi17 joint varied from 32.5 to 36 MPa.

5

Investigation of the Process of Data Acquisition Regarding the Process of Casting from the Internet

Wilk-Kolodziejczyk D., Kluska-Nawarecka S., Stefański Z., Smolarek A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 1

212--216

EN

Access to up-to-date information on technology, innovation, source publications, and the materials and services offered in a particular industry is very important for both industrial plants and departmental research centres. It should be noted that obtaining such information using publicly available search engines such as Google, Yahoo!, Bing, Bindu (mainly used in China) is only apparently easy because, due to their versatility, they deliver results with great redundancy. This leads to the need to analyze large data sets by linguistic methods or "manually", which is very tedious and time consuming. In this situation, it was considered reasonable to undertake studies aimed at acquiring relatively simple IT tools, i.e. crawlers, which allow their users to selectively search for information in a particular problem area, which in this particular case is casting. The intention of this work was to collect and analyze the experimental material that would allow describing the characteristics of the above solutions from the point of view of the range of their application, the quality of the results achieved, and possible limitations and preferences taking into account user needs.

6

Characterization of the Bonding Zone in a ZE41/AlSi12 Joint Fabricated by Liquid- Solid Compound Casting

Mola R., Bucki T.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 2

203--208

EN

The study involved using the liquid-solid compound casting process to fabricate a lightweight ZE41/AlSi12 bimetallic material. ZE41 melt heated to 660 °C was poured onto a solid AlSi12 insert placed in a steel mold. The mold with the insert inside was preheated to 300 °C. The microstructure of the bonding zone between the alloys was examined using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition was determined through linear and point analyses with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS). The bonding zone between the magnesium and aluminum alloys was about 250 μm thick. The results indicate that the microstructure of the bonding zone changes throughout its thickness. The structural constituents of the bonding zone are: a thin layer of a solid solution of Al and Zn in Mg and particles of Mg-Zn-RE intermetallic phases (adjacent to the ZE41 alloy), a eutectic region (Mg17(Al,Zn)12 intermetallic phase and a solid solution of Al and Zn in Mg), a thin region containing fine, white particles, probably Al-RE intermetallic phases, a region with Mg2Si particles distributed over the eutectic matrix, and a region with Mg2Si particles distributed over the Mg-Al intermetallic phases matrix (adjacent to the AlSi12 alloy). The microstructural analysis performed in the length direction reveals that, for the process parameters tested, the bonding zone forming between the alloys was continuous. Low porosity was observed locally near the ZE41 alloy. The shear strength of the AZ91/AlSi17 joint varied from 51.3 to 56.1 MPa.

7

Characterization of primary microstructure of γ–γʹ Co–Al–W cobalt-based superalloy

Mikuszewski T., Tomaszewska A., Moskal G., Migas D., Niemiec D.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2017

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Vol. 38, nr 5

217--223

EN

Present paper concerns primary structure of cobalt-based superalloys Co–9Al–9W with γ/γʹ structure, casted via induction melting process. Common problems described in literature, concerning difficulties in obtaining uniform distribution of tungsten, particularly in interdendritic areas were reason of utilization of modified casting process. Alter method is based on tungsten dosing into liquid metal bath of cobalt and aluminium during melting. This method allows to obtain microstructure characterized by considerably decreased microsegregation, especially in case of tungsten. This type of primary structure results in simplified and more economical homogenization performance of casts before further technological processes. Used method of casting give the possibility to obtain samples with small effect of segregations of alloying elements. Observed effect of interdendritic segregations were related to higher level of aluminium concentration and lower cobalt, but in both cases the measured difference was 2 to 4 % at.

PL

Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka mikrostruktury pierwotnej stopu Co–9Al–9W w stanie bezpośrednio po odlaniu, z uwzględnieniem rozmieszczenia składników stopowych w rdzeniach dendrytów i obszarach międzydendrytycznych w różnych strefach odlewu oraz profilu mikrotwardości. Ważną kwestią była jednorodność rozmieszczenia wolframu w obszarach rdzeni dendrytów i w przestrzeniach międzydendrytycznych, co jest typowym problemem w stopach z dodatkiem wolframu.

8

Microstructure of the Bonding Zone Between AZ91 and AlSi17 Formed by Compound Casting

Mola R., Bucki T., Dziadoń A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 17, iss. 1

202--206

EN

This paper discusses the joining of AZ91 magnesium alloy with AlSi17 aluminium alloy by compound casting. Molten AZ91 was cast at 650oC onto a solid AlSi17 insert placed in a steel mould under normal atmospheric conditions. Before casting, the mould with the insert inside was heated up to about 370oC. The bonding zone forming between the two alloys as a result of diffusion had a multiphase structure and a thickness of about 200 μm. The microstructure and composition of the bonding zone were analysed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results indicate that the bonding zone adjacent to the AlSi17 alloy was composed of an Al3Mg2 intermetallic phase with not fully consumed primary Si particles, surrounded by a rim of an Mg2Si intermetallic phase and fine Mg2Si particles. The bonding zone near the AZ91 alloy was composed of a eutectic (an Mg17Al12 intermetallic phase and a solid solution of Al and Si in Mg). It was also found that the compound casting process slightly affected the AZ91alloy microstructure; a thin layer adjacent to the bonding zone of the alloy was enriched with aluminium.

9

Formation of Al-alloyed Layer on Magnesium with Use of Casting Techniques

Mola R., Bucki T., Dziadoń A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 16, iss. 1

112--116

EN

Al-enriched layer was formed on a magnesium substrate with use of casting. The magnesium melt was cast into a steel mould with an aluminium insert placed inside. Different conditions of the casting process were applied. The reaction between the molten magnesium and the aluminium piece during casting led to the formation of an Al-enriched surface layer on the magnesium substrate. The thickness of the layer was dependent on the casting conditions. In all fabricated layers the following phases were detected: a solid solution of Mg in Al, Al3Mg2, Mg17Al120 and a solid solution of Mg in Al. When the temperature of the melt and the mould was lower (variant 1 – 670oC and 310oC; variant 2 – 680oC and 310oC, respectively) the unreacted thin layer of aluminium was observed in the outer zone. Applying higher temperatures of the melt (685oC) and the mould (325oC) resulted in deep penetration of aluminium into the magnesium substrate. Areas enriched in aluminium were locally observed. The Al-enriched layers composed mainly of Mg-Al intermetallic phases have hardness from 187-256 HV0.1.

10

Dual Phase Lag Model of Melting Process in Domain of Metal Film Subjected to an External Heat Flux

Mochnacki B., Ciesielski M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 16, iss. 4

85--90

EN

Heating process in the domain of thin metal film subjected to a strong laser pulse are discussed. The mathematical model of the process considered is based on the dual-phase-lag equation (DPLE) which results from the generalized form of the Fourier law. This approach is, first of all, used in the case of micro-scale heat transfer problems (the extremely short duration, extreme temperature gradients and very small geometrical dimensions of the domain considered). The external heating (a laser action) is substituted by the introduction of internal heat source to the DPLE. To model the melting process in domain of pure metal (chromium) the approach basing on the artificial mushy zone introduction is used and the main goal of investigation is the verification of influence of the artificial mushy zone ‘width’ on the results of melting modeling. At the stage of numerical modeling the author’s version of the Control Volume Method is used. In the final part of the paper the examples of computations and conclusions are presented.

11

Effect of Tungsten and Molybdenum on the Crystallization, Microstructure and Properties of Silumin 226

Szymczak T., Gumienny G., Pacyniak T., Walas K.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 15, iss. 3

61--66

EN

The work presents the results of the examinations of silumin 226 as well as a silumin produced on its basis containing a W and Mo addition introduced in the amount of 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4% of both elements simultaneously. Investigations of the crystallization process of the silumins by the TDA method were conducted. Also, a microscopic analysis of their microstructure was performed and their basic mechanical properties were determined. Microstructure tests were made on casts produced in an TDA sampler as well as by the pressure method. The investigations exhibited a change in the course of crystallization of the silumin containing 0.3 and 0.4% W and Mo with respect to silumin 226 and the silumin with the addition of 0.1 and 0.2%. The presence of additional phases which did not occur in the case of lower addition contents was established in the silumin containing 0.3-0.4% W and Mo, regardless of the applied casting technology. The tests showed the possibility of increasing the tensile strength Rm, the proof stress Rp0,2 and the unit elongation A of the silumin as a result of a simultaneous introduction of the W and Mo addition. The highest values of Rm, Rp0,2 and A were obtained in the silumins with the additions of these elements within the range of 0.1-0.2% each.

12

Effect of Modification on Characteristic Values of TDA Curves

Gumienny G., Szymczak T., Pacyniak T.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 1 spec.

91--96

EN

The work presents the examination results of the effect of strontium and antimony modification on the microstructure of a cast and the characteristic values of the TDA curves. Strontium and antimony modifiers were added to silumin 226 in a melting crucible furnace, separately, in the amounts of 0.1; 0.2 and 0.3% of the mass of the modified metal. After modification, the silumin was refined with the solid refiner ECOSAL-Al 113 in the amount of 0.5% of the charge mass.

13

Research on the Influence of Basic Parameters of the Pre-Expansion of Granules Density

Buczkowska K., Kaczorowski R., Pacyniak T.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 13, iss. 2 spec.

22--28

EN

The paper presents the process of pre-expanded polystyrene used to produce models in the Lost Technology. There were research on pre-expansion process in order to determine the effect of pressure and time for the initial expansion of the materials density. Analysis of the results confirmed that the higher the pre-expansion pressure is the materials density decreases. There was also a change in the intensity of the process in function of time and pressure, which may indicate the phenomena of material physical and chemical properties during the process.

14

Capability Assessment of Robotized System for Casting Measurement

Jaworski J., Kluz R., Trzepieciński T.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 13, iss. 1 spec.

57--60

EN

Assurance of required casting quality is an important element of the manufacturing process. The control should be realized fast, accurately and cheap. These requirements may be fulfilled by application of an industrial robot to realize the measuring process. In the article the methodology of capability assessment of robotized system to control specified casting feature based on analysis of repeatability and reproducibility is presented. It is demonstrated that industrial robots produced serially have the accuracy allowing for their application to control process of both die-casting and pressure casting dimensions.

15

Analysis of Al-Mg casting alloys crystallization with use of ATND method

Ciućka T.

Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology

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2013

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Vol. 37, nr 1

111—118

EN

The paper presents results of non-ferrous metals crystallization tests performed with use of the ATND method. Method of analysis of non-ferrous metals crystallization gives complete picture of arisen structural components of alloys. Particular structural components of alloys investigated with use of the ATND method were verified in x-ray microanalysis, what unequivocally confirmed their presence. Below are presented in graphical form (crystallization diagrams) results of crystallization process obtained from the ATND method. In crystallization diagrams of AG 10 and AG51 alloys are shown curves (thermal curve and its derivative, voltage curve and its derivative). Crystallizable individual structural components of the investigated alloys are reflected on curves of the method in form of characteristic peaks. The tests were performed with AG 10 and AG51 aluminum-magnesium casting alloys. Moreover, the paper presents structures of the investigated alloys with marked structural components identified with use of x-ray microanalysis.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono analizę wyników badań metodą ATND procesu krystalizacji stopów metali nieżelaznych. Analiza procesu krystalizacji tych stopów umożliwia charakterystykę powstających składników fazowych ich mikrostruktury. Składniki fazowe mikrostruktury badanych stopów określone metodą ATND zweryfikowano metodą mikroanalizy rentgenowskiej. Przedstawiono krzywe krystalizacji stopów magnezu AG10 i AG51 w zależności od temperatury i czasu, określono efekty cieplne i napięciowe. Ustalone wartości temperatury i napięcia użyto w obliczeniach matematycznych, w analizie regresji w celu określenia wartości temperatury krystalizacji składników fazowych badanych stopów. Wykonano badania mikroskopowe stopów AG10 i AG51.

16

Badania stanu strukturalnego i własności miedzi beztlenowej otrzymywanej w procesie ciągłego odlewania

Knych T., Smyrak B., Walkowicz M.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

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2011

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R. 56, nr 2

70-77

PL

Spośród różnych sposobów wytwarzania materiałów wsadowych do procesu ciągnienia w odniesieniu do miedzi, najbardziej tradycyjną i wydajną metodą jest proces ciągłego odlewania i walcowania (Contirod, Software). Technologie te pozwalając na uzyskanie znakomitej, izotropowej, drobnoziarnistej struktury walcówki o wielkości ziarna od 10 do 20 [mi]m, umożliwiają jednocześnie dużą ciągliwość i powtarzalność własności, a także wysoką jakość wyrobów gotowych. Wsadem do procesu wytwarzania walcówki są katody wysokiej czystości chemicznej, które ze względów technologicznych zawierają zawartość tlenu na poziomie ok. 50 ppm wag. W linii Contirod proces topienia katod w piecach gazowych prowadzi do pojawienia się w ciekłym metalu zanieczyszczeń w postaci produktów spalania gazów. W celu uzyskania walcówki wysokiej jakości należy je usunąć za pomocą tlenu, dlatego też walcówka taka zawiera ok. 200 ppm wag. Tlenu [1, 2], przy czym jego ilość zależy od poziomu i rodzaju zanieczyszczeń katody. Lata siedemdziesiąte ubiegłego stulecia przypadają na opracowanie nowoczesnej technologii produkcji miedzi beztlenowej, umożliwiającej jej zastosowanie jako wsadu do bezpośredniego procesu ciągnienia na mikrodruty dedykowane dla wysoko zaawansowanych aplikacji elektrotechnicznych. W praktyce przemysłowej stosuje się najczęściej dwie metody odtleniania: odtlenianie próżniowe (metoda droga i mało wydajna) lub odtlenianie węglem. Pozwala to na redukcję tlenu do poziomu 3 ppm i mniej. W praktyce przemysłowej upowszechniły się dwie technologie wykorzystujące drugi ze sposobów odtleniania: Rautomead oraz Upcast. Własności uzyskanych odlewów istotnie zależą od parametrów procesu odlewania, tj. prędkości odlewania, wielkości przepływu i temperatury wody chłodzącej krystalizator. Istnieje możliwość regulacji tych parametrów, przy czym wpływ tej zmiany powinien być widoczny w strukturze odlewów (będzie wyrażał się różną wielkością i orientacją krystalitów). Z wcześniejszych badań nad tym tematem [Walkowicz M., Pabian S. - Prace magisterskie, Kraków 2008 r.] wynika, że istnieje istotna relacja pomiędzy tymi parametrami, a własnościami uzyskiwanych drutów. Można wnioskować, że zmiana np. prędkości odlewania będzie mieć wpływ na własności elektryczne i mechaniczne oraz na temperaturę rekrystalizacji. Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest badaniom wpływu parametrów procesu odlewania, a w szczególności prędkości odlewania i ilości wody chłodzącej krystalizator na kształtowanie się struktury odlewu. Główny nurt badań doświadczalnych ukierunkowany został na określenie wpływu warunków odlewania na własności wytrzymałościowe i elektryczne, a ponadto na odporność cieplną miedzi beztlenowej z linii Upcast. Jako punkt odniesienia i porównania dla uzyskanych obserwacji zamieszczono także wyniki typowe dla walcówki z miedzi tlenowej gatunku Cu-ETP.

EN

Among the different methods of producting materials into drawing process in reference to copper, the most traditional and efficient is the process of continuous casting and rolling (Contirod, Software). These technologies allow to obtain of excellent, isotropic, fine-grained structure of rod around 10[mi]m, enable both high ductility and reproducibility of properties, and also the high quality of finished products. A material input into rod manufacturing process are high-purity copper cathodes which for technological reasons include oxygen content of 50 ppm. In the Contirod line process of melting cathode in gas ovens leads to content of impurities in the form of combustion products of gases. In order to obtain high-quality rod must be removed with the aid of oxygen, therefore, that is why such rod contains about 200 ppm of oxygen. Growing interest in this kind of materials led to development of the industrial solutions to be applies in the production process of oxygen-free copper in the form adapted directly for the drawing process. In the seventies of the last century was develop of modern production technologies of oxygen-free copper. It's the base material used in electronics and electrotechnics industry. In industrial practice, most often are used two deoxidation methods: vacuum reduction (expensive and inefficient method) and reduction of charcoal. This method allow reduction of oxygen to about 3 ppm. In effect industrial became general two technologies using second method: Rautomead and Upcast. Properties of castings obtained significantly depend on the parameters of casting process i.e. casting speed, flow and temperature of water cooling crystallizer. It is possible to control these parameters, the impact of this change should be visible in the structure of castings (to be expressed in different size and orientation of crystallites). From previous research of this topic [Walkowicz M., S. Pabian - Master's Thesis, Cracow 2008] it results that there was a significant relationship between these parameters and the properties of obtained wires. It can be concluded that a change e.g. casting speed will affect the electrical and mechanical properties and recrystallization temperature. This article is devoted to research of influence of casting process parameters, especially casting speed and water flow on the formation of the structure of casting. Mainstream of experimental research concern on the influence of casting conditions on the mechanical and electrical properties, and also on thermal resistance of the oxygen-free copper from Upcast line. As the comparison and reference point of observations in this paper presents the results of typical copper rod from Cu-ETP.

17

Structure fields in the solidifying cast iron roll

Wołczyński W. S., Guzik E., Kania B., Wajda W.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 10, iss. 1 spec.

41--46

EN

Some properties of the rolls depend on the ratio of columnar structure area to equiaxed structure area created during roll solidification. The C → E transition is fundamental phenomenon that can be apply to characterize massive cast iron rolls produced by the casting house. As the first step of simulation, a temperature field for solidifying cast iron roll was created. The convection in the liquid is not comprised since in the first approximation, the convection does not influence the studied occurrence of the C → E (columnar to equiaxed grains) transition in the roll. The obtained temperature field allows to study the dynamics of its behavior observed in the middle of the mould thickness. This midpoint of the mould thickness was treated as an operating point for the C → E transition. A full accumulation of the heat in the mould was postulated for the C → E transition. Thus, a plateau at the T(t) curve was observed at the midpoint. [...] A simulation was performed for the cast iron rolls solidifying as if in industrial condition. Since the incubation divides the roll into two zones: C and E; (the first with columnar structure and the second with fully equiaxed structure) some experiments dealing with solidification were made on semi-industrial scale.

18

Analysis of melting and casting processes of TiAl in the cold induction crucible vacuum furnace

Jarczyk G., Baake E., Umbrashko A., Fellmann H-G., Tiefers R.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2009

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Vol. 30, nr 5

411-413

EN

The numerical investigations of melting process of TiAl are carried out for the induction furnace with cold crucible (IFCC). The studies presented in this paper contain the numerical simulation of electromagnetic setup and turbulent melt flow of IFCC and demonstrate the possibility of using the three-dimensional transient LES approach for successful simulation of heat and mass transfer processes in metallurgical applications. This paper also contains some results of an integrated centrifugal casting process comprising an improved cold-wall-induction crucible (CIC), a preheated metallic mold and a manipulating system for charging the melt stock and unloading the cast products (automotive valves) without breaking the furnace atmosphere. In this process it is possible to produce 40 valves and 14 tensile rods in very short cycles (< 30 min) using ingots with a mass up to 8 kg.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki symulacji numerycznej procesu topienia TiAl prowadzonego w piecu indukcyjnym z tyglem miedzianym (garnisażo-wym), chłodzonym wodą (IFCC). Badania dotyczyły modelowania rozkładu pola elektromagnetycznego i przepływu wirowego (turbulentnego) ciekłego wsadu w IFCC. Wykazano możliwość zastosowania trójwymiarowego przebiegu nieustalonego LES (Large Eddy Currents) w odniesieniu do symulacji procesu przepływu ciepła i masy w aplikacjach metalurgicznych. Przedstawiono również wyniki procesu odlewania odśrodkowego, z zastosowaniem tygla garnisażowego, do podgrzanej kokili, jak również zautomatyzowanego systemu załadunku wsadu oraz wyładunku odlanych półwyrobów (np. zaworów) bez zapowietrzania atmosfery pieca. Proces ten umożliwia wyprodukowanie w bardzo krótkim czasie (<30 min) z wlewków o ciężarze do 8 kg 40 zaworów i 14 prętów na próbki do rozciągnia.

19

Influence of abrasive machining on Fe3Al intermetal surface texture

Patejuk A., Poniatowska M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 8, iss. 1 spec.

255--260

EN

The paper presents the results of analyzing the surface texture of samples obtained in the process of casting with the use of the Fe3Al intermetallic phase after selected abrasive machining options have been applied - milling, wet polishing. The analysis of the surface texture after machining was carried out by examining such parameters as: Ra, Rz, RSm, and the profile function - the materiał ratio curve and the amplitude density curve.

20

Wpływ recyklingu materiałów ze zużytych form ceramicznych na niektóre właściwości termo-fizyczne form w procesie wytapianych modeli

Haratym R.

Archiwum Odlewnictwa

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2006

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R. 6, nr 20

141--146

PL

W artykule przedstawiono recykling materiałów ceramicznych (w PWM) głównie glinokrzemianów, który pozwala na zmniejszenie ilości odpadów w odlewniach precyzyjnych i poprawia ekonomikę procesu wytwarzania. Właściwości termofizyczne formy ceramicznej (FC), jak rozszerzalność cieplna oraz odporność na pełzanie, sprawdzone w wielu badaniach świadczą, że dodatek materiałów z odzysku pozwala na wykonanie FC dobrej jakości.

EN

The paper presents recycling of ceramic materials in investment casting, mainly aluminosilicates, which enables reduction of waste in foundries and improves the manufacturing process economics. The thermophysical properties of ceramic moulds, like thermal expansion and creep resistance, checked in many tests, certify that the addition of recovered materials enables manufacturing ceramic moulds of good quality.