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Sergiy Gulyar : Vital Progress and Contribution to the Development of Underwater Physiology and Medicine Sciences

Skrzyński Stanisław, Olszański Romuald

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2021

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nr 4(77)

7--38

EN

Here we present a unique life path of Sergiy Gulyar, a world-known Ukrainian scientist who was overcoming extreme conditions studying them on himself. He has developed his determination and responsibility from his basic experiences as a surgeon and his desire to win from his involvement in sports. His research in underwater laboratories has shown a capacity to find untrodden pathways to understand and explain what others did not even suspect. His physiological studies on the role of sea depths, breathing mixtures, underwater exposures, and diving schemes marked the path to the aquanauts and undersea man. Reaching the hyper depths equivalent to 2,500 m revealed the physiological limits of human being and defined how to handle hyperbaric respiratory failure. Prof. S. Gulyar suggested a usage of natural physiological mechanisms to accelerate the re-adaptation process as a part of the highmountain rehabilitation of hyperbaria-adapted people. Dissertations were defended, books and articles were written, a scientific school of followers was created. Unfortunately, during the Soviet period, Prof. S. Gulyar faced a set of organizational problems and obstacles from the Soviet regime. In particular, his works were classified or hushed up, his intellectual property was often used without mentioning the author and his scientific team was intimidated by criminal investigations. Main recognition during this period had come from professional societies in Europe and the United States. After the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Prof. S. Gulyar introduced a number of innovations and inventions in electromagnetic medicine and physiology. In particular, he has managed to account for main common features of physiological effects of light stimulation produced by Lasers, Light-Emitted Diodes and Bioptron light sources. By doing so, some mystical dogmas were filtered out and new paths to sensible light-induced treatments were developed. At the same time, Prof. S. Gulyar has preserved the legacy of many generations of medical professionals who used light in their treatments. He has shown in his physiological experiments that stimulation of biologically active zones including acupuncture points light stimulation has a wide spectrum of biological effects including alleviation of pain symptoms. Now mono- and polychromatic visual and transcutaneous light therapy of pain has been recognized scientifically and clinically, and its place in medicine has been firmly established. Prof. S. Gulyar described a new functional system of the organism that regulates the electromagnetic equilibrium. A step into the future was the first experimentally grounded technology for the use of fullerene-modified light. Positive changes have been proven with its percutaneous and ocular use. These first results open the door to complete analysis and future investigations. Prof. S. Gulyar has published 20 monographs, 470 papers and abstracts, and received 11 patents. Many of his inventions have been implemented, the others are still awaiting implementation. This article is based on the data obtained by the authors during many years of their personal cooperation, as well as from the memoirs of Prof. S. Gulyar and the materials he provided.

PL

Przedstawiamy wyjątkowe życie Sergieja Gulyara, znanego w kręgach światowych medycyny w tym medycyny podwodnej ukraińskiego naukowca. Pokonał ekstremalne warunki, zdobywając samodzielnie. Jego wykształcenie jako chirurga zaszczepiło w nim determinację i odpowiedzialność, natomiast sport zaszczepił w nim wolę zwycięstwa. W pionierskich badaniach w podwodnych laboratoriach ujawniły jego zdolność do rozwiązywania problemów, by znaleźć i wyjaśnić to, z czego inni nawet nie zdawali sobie sprawy. Jego badania fizjologiczne nad rolą głębin morskich, z zastosowaniem mieszanin oddechowych, metod nurkowania utorowały drogę akwanautom. Doświadczalne badania zjawisk oddechowych na hiper głębokości równej 2500 m rozszerzyło wiedzę na temat fizjologicznego ograniczenia człowieka i określiło sposoby pomocy przy hiperbarycznej niewydolności oddechowej. Prof. S. Gulyar zaproponował wykorzystanie naturalnych mechanizmów fizjologicznych do przyspieszenia procesu readaptacji osób zaadaptowanych do hipierbarii poprzez ich rehabilitację wysokogórską. Zdobywał stopnie naukowe, publikował książki i artykuły oraz założył szkołę naukową, w której znaleźli się jego zwolennicy. Niestety, w okresie sowieckim prof. S. Gular napotykał na szereg problemów organizacyjnych i przeszkód ze strony władz sowieckich. W szczególności jego prace były utajniane lub przemilczane, jego własność intelektualna była często wykorzystywana bez podania autora, a jego zespół badawczy był zastraszany przez dochodzenia kryminalne. Główne uznanie w tym okresie pochodziło od towarzystw zawodowych w Europie i USA. Po upadku ZSRR prof. S. Gulyar dokonał również szeregu innowacji i wynalazków z zakresu medycyny i fizjologii elektromagnetycznej. Jego wyniki wyniki otwierają drzwi do szczegółowych analiz i przyszłych badań. Opublikował 20 monografii, 470 referatów i rozpraw oraz uzyskał 11 patentów. Wiele z jego wynalazków zostało zrealizowanych, inne wciąż czekają na realizację. Artykuł powstał na podstawie danych zebranych przez autorów w wyniku wieloletniej, osobistej współpracy, a także na podstawie wspomnień prof. S. Gulyara i przedstawionych przez niego materiałów. W aktywnym życiu brał udział w wielu wyprawach i pracach związanych z promowaniem kultury i historii Ukrainy.

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Ocena stopnia wytężenia komory ciśnieniowej

Augustynowicz J., Figiel A.

Górnictwo Odkrywkowe

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2008

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R. 49/2, nr 4-5

129-132

PL

W pracy opisano metodykę oceny stopnia wytężenia komory ciśnieniowej wykorzystywanej w masowej produkcji elementów wykonanych z chemoutwardzalnych tworzyw sztucznych. W wyniku przeprowadzonych obliczeń numerycznych określono wartości maksymalnych naprężeń zredukowanych według hipotezy Hubera-Misesa. Zlokalizowano miejsca występowania naprężeń maksymalnych oraz przeprowadzono badania w celu weryfikacji tych obliczeń.

EN

The methodology of effort level estimation of the pressure chamber use in mass production of elements made of chemo-hardenable plastic was described in the study. As a result of numerical calculations the maximal values of stresses according Huber-Mises hypothesis were determined. The areas of maximal stresses occurrence were located as well as the research in order to verify the calculation was conducted.

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The "full sleeve" application in the horizontal cold-chamber machine for pressure die casting of aluminium alloys

Konopka Z., Zyska A., Łągiewka M., Bielecka A., Nocuń S.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 8, iss. 1

65-70

EN

The "full sleeve" construction has been designed and accomplished in the horizontal cold-chamber pressure die casting machine. Main part of this solution is a counter plunger placed in a movable die half which allows for full filling of the shot sleeve and precisely fixes the metal quantity needed for casting. The purpose of this new construction solution is mainly the reduction of the casting porosity caused by air entrapment and the improvement of both castability and accuracy of the die cavity reproduction. For such a redesigned machine there have been performed examinations consisting in pressure casting of AlSi9Cu alloy (EN AC-46000) at varying plunger velocity in the second stage of injection and varying intensification pressure. The alloy castability (the die filling ability) has been measured for each parameter setting. For the purpose of comparison, similar measurements have been performed also for the conventional system without a counter plunger. The castability examination has been done by means of a specially designed die with an impression of a trial casting of variable wall thickness. The experiments have been held according to the assumed factor design 2_2, what allowed for determining the mathematical models describing the influence of die filling parameters on the castability and the die cavity reproduction level. Both alternatives of the experiment confirmed the positive influence of plunger velocity and intensification pressure increase on the improvement of castability, the measure of the latter being the filled length of the impression. Applying of the new ''full sleeve" solution has improved castability for each experiment by about 20% as compared with conventional alternative. Castability in the "full sleeve" system has been increased even for low values of plunger velocity and intensification pressure. For both alternative systems the influence of plunger velocity has been found, as an average, by four times greater than the influence of intensification pressure. The possibility of applying lower pressure values has been noticed for the shot sleeve construction with the counter plunger. This can influence favourably both the die and the machine durability. The obtained results have been explained and it has been pointed out that the "full sleeve" construction can be widely adopted in pressure die casting of metal alloys.

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Time of soil water thermodynamic equilibrium during retention curve establishment using gamma-ray beam attenuation

Pires L., Bacchi O., Reichardt K.

Nukleonika

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2005

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Vol. 50, nr 4

173-177

EN

The soil water retention curve (SWRC) represents a fundamental part of the characterization of the soil hydraulic properties. The establishment of SWRC is usually time-consuming and presents several problems such as the difficulty of a correct judgment of the time of equilibrium. This work presents a new methodology that involves gammaray beam attenuation technique associated with the traditional pressure chambers, having as objective the more precise judgment of the time to attain equilibrium. The gamma-ray source used has an activity of 3.7 GBq consisting of 241Am, with peak energy of 59.54 keV. For the determination of retention curves using the gamma-ray attenuation technique, an acrylic pressure chamber was projected and constructed to be positioned between the source and detector with the gamma-ray beam crossing the center of the chamber and the soil sample during water extraction. The proposed technique allowed, through a specifically elaborated software for data acquisition, to evaluate with precision the exact instant of the equilibrium and, consequently, to obtain the right moment to change the chamber pressure to a new desired level, leading to a reduction of the time required for the whole retention curve determination. The results obtained show that the gamma-ray attenuation technique can be very useful as an auxiliary tool to evaluate SWRC, utilizing the Richards chamber.