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Oddziaływanie nowych preparatów do ochrony drewna na środowisko glebowe

Zabielska-Matejuk J., Stangierska A., Spychalski W.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

2013

vol. 56, nr 189

55--69

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań emisji składników preparatów grzybobójczych do gleb. Doświadczenia przeprowadzono na zróżnicowanych pod względem właściwości chemicznych i fizycznych profilach glebowych pochodzących z Północnej i Środkowej Polski (gleby brunatnoziemne, czarnoziemne, napływowe mady, gleby bielicowe, torfowe – grunty rolne i leśne). Badano doświadczalne preparaty miedziowo-amoniowe, miedziowo-borowo-amoniowe typu ACQ oraz miedziowo- chromowo-borowe (CCB). Określono zawartość w glebach jonów metali: miedzi i chromu oraz kationów bliźniaczych i mono-amoniowych cieczy jonowych, po ekspozycji nasyconego drewna w teście ziemno-klockowym.

The article presents the results of experiments on copper-chromium-borate (CCB) agents, copper-ammonium and copper-borate-ammonium agents of ACQ-type (ammonium copper quats) from the side of their influence on the soil environment. The aim of the experiments was to determine the contamination of soils with ions of copper and chromium as well as cations of ionic liquids, which were found in the formulas of fungicidal agents used in the experiments. The contamination was determined based on multi-week exposure of impregnated pine wood Pinus sylvestris L. in direct contact with the soil. The assessment of ionic liquids adsorption to and desorption from soils was carried out in accordance with the guidelines of OECD no. 106 (2000) concerning tests of chemical substances in the soil environment. Six types of soils (brown soil, black soil, alluvial soil, peat soil, podzolic soils and lessivé soils) of diverse structures of the sorption complex (the content of changeable cations and organic matter, and pH) were used in the experiments. Chemical and physical characteristics of the soils from agricultural and forest lands from Central and Northern Poland were prepared. The tests of the emissions of the tested fungicidal agents’ components to the soils were performed using soil-block tests based on the procedure under the PN-ENV 807 standard. The tests were performed on pine wood Pinus sylvestris L., a wood species most often used in construction in the form of impregnated sawnwood, garden accessories, acoustic screens etc. The exposure of impregnated wood in direct contact with the soil was carried on for 12 and 32 weeks. After this time the emissions of copper, chromium, and the “gemini” ammonium cation of ionic liquid to the soils were determined. The degree of the soil contamination with metals was diverse depending on the soil profile type, the type of agent, water solubility of the agent’s chemical components, soil pH, as well as on the ability to bind with wood tissue. The leaching of the chromium compounds in the copper-chromium-borate (CCB) agent from the impregnated wood to the soils was the least, which confirms their well bonding with wood. Copper used in the form of CuO, as well as in the form of amine-copper complexes, was leached from the impregnated wood even to 15–14% in the conditions of the experiment. Cations of ammonium ionic liquids were adsorbed on loamy soils, where the reversibility of the process was minimum; whereas they were not sorbed on forest soils, i.e. on soil component with little content of changeable cations. The content of the tested ionic liquids in the soil, after 32-week exposure of impregnated wood, was ranging from 8.4 to 12.5 mg/kg of the soil. The degree of contamination with these compounds was approximately two times lower than in the case of copper ions. The presence of soil mould fungi facilitates decomposition of ammonium ionic liquids, which contributes to the reduction of environmental pollution with these organic compounds. Metal ions, which are components of wood preservatives with permission to use, will be accumulated in the environment as a result of the emission from impregnated wood to the soils.

Ochrona drzew

Siwecki R.

Przegląd Komunalny

1998

nr 9

58-58

Rośliny drzewiaste - występujące naturalnie, szeroko hodowane i uprawiane, tworzące plantacje produkcyjne (sady, lasy), różnego rodzaje zadrzewienia ochronne, krajobrazowe, dekoracyjne oraz szeroko pojęte obszary terenów zielonych w miastach - spełniają wiele wyjątkowo cennych i różnorodnych funkcji w środowisku człowieka.