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EN
The article presents the developed IT solutions supporting the material and technological conversion process in terms of the possibility of using the casting technology of selected alloys to produce products previously manufactured with the use of other methods and materials. The solutions are based on artificial intelligence, machine learning and statistical methods. The prototype module of the information and decision-making system allows for a preliminary assessment of the feasibility of this type of procedure. Currently, the selection of the method of manufacturing a product is based on the knowledge and experience of the technologist and constructor. In the described approach, this process is supported by the proprietary module of the information and decision-making system, which, based on the accumulated knowledge, allows for an initial assessment of the feasibility of a selected element in a given technology. It allows taking into account a large number of intuitive factors, as well as recording expert knowledge with the use of formal languages. Additionally, the possibility of searching for and collecting data on innovative solutions, supplying the knowledge base, should be taken into account. The developed and applied models should allow for the effective use and representation of knowledge expressed in linguistic form. In this solution, it is important to use methods that support the selection of parameters for the production of casting. The type, number and characteristics of data have an impact on the effectiveness of solutions in terms of classification and prediction of data and the relationships detected.
PL
Przedstawiono badania nowego modelu numerycznego służącego do przewidywania właściwości mechanicznych struktur wytwarzanych w technologii fused deposition modeling (FDM). Model zaimplementowany w metodzie elementów skończonych odwzorowuje strukturę wewnętrzną badanego materiału na podstawie zadanych parametrów wytwarzania, takich jak: wysokość warstwy, odstęp między ścieżkami, orientacja kolejnych warstw. Oprócz analiz numerycznych przeprowadzono badania doświadczalne kształtek wytworzonych z ABS-M30 (Stratasys Ltd.), na ich podstawie wyznaczono moduły sprężystości podłużnej w trzech kierunkach i porównano je z wynikami uzyskanymi z modelu numerycznego. Różnice w wartościach modułów wyznaczonych na podstawie analiz numerycznych i badań doświadczalnych mieściły się w przedziale 0,79–6,19 %, w zależności od kierunku obciążenia. Tak niewielkie wartości błędów pozwalają na stwierdzenie, że przedstawiony model nadaje się do szacowania sztywności elementów wytwarzanych z wykorzystaniem technologii FDM.
EN
This article presents a new numerical model for predicting the mechanical properties of the structures produced using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. The model implemented in the finite element method represents internal structure of the investigated material, generated based on manufacturing parameters such as layer height, raster spacing or orientation of subsequent layers. In addition to numerical analysis, the experimental investigation of the samples made of ABS-M30 (Stratasys Ltd.) were performed and longitudinal elasticity modules in three directions were determined and compared with the results obtained from the numerical model. Differences in experimental and numerical values of longitudinal modules ranged from 0.79 % to 6.19 % depending on the load direction. Such low error values allow to state that the presented model is suitable for estimating the stiffness of the components manufactured by Fused Deposition Modeling.
EN
Mathematical modeling of structure and mechanical properties of steel tubes production Kvačkaj T.1); Zemko M.1) 1) Department of Metal Forming, Faculty of Metallurgy, TU of Košice, Slovakia The article deals with FEM analysis, with mathematical modeling of structure evolution and with prediction of mechanical properties during hot rolling of seamless steel tubes. There is a brief description of stretch-reducing mill in the introduction. It is a forming unit that reduces diameter of the tube semi-finished product and at the same time changes the thickness of the wall without inner tool. In this unit there are achieving the final dimensions and after cooling process also the final mechanical properties of hot rolled tubes. Mathematical model of stretch-reducing mill of Železiarne Podbrezová, Inc., was created in Deform 3D software. Calibration sequence for rolling tube semi finished product diameter 144 mm and wall thickness 4,7 mm to diameter 88,9 mm and wall thickness 5 mm was chosen for creation of mathematical model of stretch-reducing mill. This calibration sequence consists of eleven rolling stands. Numerical simulation was created on mathematical model. By using the numerical simulation the values of thermo-mechanical parameters for each stand were gained. Time dependencies of strain, strain rate and rolling force were made from the obtained values. The next part presents mathematical model describing the tube production for low carbon steels grade St52 on analyzed calibration sequence. Model is valid for range of rolling start temperatures 870 – 960 °C and start rolling velocity 1,23 m.s-1. Model includes: - calculation of deformation temperature on each rolling stand in dependency on heating temperature, - calculation of kinetics of static recrystallization in conditions of continual cooling, - calculation of diameter of austenite grain after each deformation, - calculation of Ar3 and Ar1 temperatures in dependency on chemical composition, austenite grain size, amount of residual deformation and cooling rate, - calculation of austenite grain size after cooling to Ar3 temperature, - calculation of ferrite grain size in dependency on chemical composition, austenite grain size, amount of residual deformation and cooling rate, - calculation of structural fractions (ferrite, pearlite, bainite) in dependency on chemical composition, austenite grain size and cooling rate, - calculation of yield and tensile strength in dependency of structural fractions and ferrite grain size, - estimation of ductility for normalization conditions in dependency on chemical composition. Numerical simulation and process condition statistic data were used for calculation of material temperature both during tube pass through stretch-reducing mill and during cooling. Values of strain and strain rate from numerical simulation were substituted into the mathematical models. The calculated values were compared with experimental ones resulting from mechanical tests of industry rolled tubes of various chemical compositions. Good agreement of structural and mechanical properties was achieved for all chemical compositions and treatment conditions. The conclusion deals with the possibilities of increasing the accuracy of presented mathematical model as well as the possibilities of extension dimension assortment and areas of applications of mathematical modeling of seamless steel tubes production.
PL
Symulacje numeryczne z wykorzystaniem MES w połączeniu z modelowaniem matematycznym rozwoju struktury oraz opisem własności mechanicznych podczas walcowania na gorąco rur bez szwu jest tematem niniejszej pracy. Model matematyczny reduktora pracującego z naciągiem w Żeleziarne Podbrezova, Inc. został stworzony w programie Deform 3D. Do obliczeń pola temperatur podczas przejścia rury przez reduktor oraz późniejszego chłodzenia wykorzystano modelowanie nume­ryczne i dane statystyczne z rzeczywistego procesu. Uzyskane z symulacji wartości odkształceń i prędkości odkształcenia przeniesiono do modelu matematycznego. W pracy porównano wyniki symulacji z wynikami doświadczalnymi otrzymanymi dla różnych składów chemicznych materiału. Porównanie to wykazało dobrą zgodności struktury oraz własności mechanicznych dla wszystkich badanych składów chemicznych i warunków procesu.
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