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Wyznaczenie wskaźników precyzji dla metod badań trwałości kolorów materiałów tekstylnych

Grynkiewicz-Bylina Beata, Rakwic Bożena

Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji

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2023

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Vol. 12, iss. 2

129--144

PL

Zapewnienie jakości badań jest złożonym procesem wymagającym stosowania przez akredytowane laboratoria badawcze wielu narzędzi statystycznych, w tym wykorzystywanych w ocenie wyników porównań międzylaboratoryjnych. W artykule przedstawiono sposób wyznaczenia wskaźników precyzji metod badawczych, zaliczanych do podstawowych parametrów procesu ich walidacji. Podejście zaprezentowano na przykładzie porównań międzylaboratoryjnych dotyczących metod badań trwałości kolorów materiałów tekstylnych narażonych na działanie wody i potu. Omówiono wymagania formalne dotyczące oceny wyników porównań międzylaboratoryjnych. Uzyskane na podstawie wyników porównań wskaźniki mogą znaleźć wykorzystanie do monitorowania przebiegu badań, potwierdzania kompetencji i identyfikowania ewentualnych nieprawidłowości.

EN

Quality assurance of tests results is a complex process that requires the use of many statistical tools by accredited research laboratories, including those used to assess the results of interlaboratory comparisons. The article presents a method for determining indicators of precision for test methods, which are among the basic parameters of their validation process. The approach was presented on the example of interlaboratory comparisons regarding the methods of testing colour fastness textile materials to water and perspiration. Formal requirements for assessing the results of interlaboratory comparisons were discussed. The indicators obtained based on the comparison results can be used to monitor the conduct of tests, confirm competences and identify possible irregularities.

2

Analysis of differences in accuracy of positioning tied to various CORS networks in Poland: case study

Uznański Andrzej

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2023

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Vol. 116

47--60

EN

Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK) measurements are currently the most popular surveying method in geodesy. In most countries, there are networks of Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS), which form the core of the terrestrial infrastructure that allows for NRTK measurements. In many countries, including Poland, several CORS networks operate in parallel and independently. The paper presents the characteristics of the CORS network in Poland. The results of several day NRTK and Real Time Kinematic (RTK) test measurements performed tied to five CORS networks operating in Poland: ASG-EUPOS, NadowskiNET, SmartNet, TPINETpro, VRSNet.pl, were subjected to a comparative analysis. VRS, FKP, MAC and POJ streams were used in the test measurements. The research mainly concerned the possibility of the occurrence of systematic errors when NRTK and RTK measurements were tied to different CORS networks for the survey of the same points. Conclusions from the comparative analysis of the accuracy and precision of the NRTK and RTK measurement results for each coordinate were also included.

3

Recent advances in precision, sustainability and safety of machine tools

Uhlmann Eckart

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, No. 3

5--25

EN

Machine tools are the main driver of economic, environmental and social sustainability in industrial production. The ongoing shift from mass production to highly individualized, small batch manufacturing requires machine tools to be more flexible to changing needs while maintaining at least the same level of productivity. However, flexibility and productivity are at odds with the necessity for resource and energy efficiency. At the same time, more sophisticated workpiece specifications are pushing the boundaries regarding precision and dynamics of machine tools. In such a high-performance context, machine safety plays a major role and is becoming increasingly challenging due to higher kinetic energies of moving components. This paper examines recent advances in machine tool precision, sustainability, and safety. Six comprehensive case studies are provided to illustrate how these improvements contribute to an increased productivity. Hardware and software solutions for pose-controlled robotic manufacturing and thermoelectrically tempered high-performance spindles will be presented. Modular machine tool frames based on building blocks and an adaptive cooling system with thermoelectric generators for linear direct drives demonstrate their major impact on resource and energy efficiency. Machine safety is addressed through an analysis of potential hazards as well as improved protective measures. Model-based predictions precisely identify critical process parameters that lead to unbalance-induced failure of slim tool extensions, while on the protection side, new statistical models are applied to assess the protective performance of safeguards much more accurately. The cutting-edge technologies for machine tools presented in this paper will help manufacturers to cope with current and future challenges in industrial production.

4

Selection of train traffic manager’s activities in training process using Functional Resonance Analysis Method

Haładyn Szymon, Magott Jan, Restel Franciszek, Wolniewicz Łukasz

Archives of Transport

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2023

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Vol. 65, iss. 1

39--51

EN

In training process of rail traffic manager (controller) using virtual reality technology, selection of activities among those assigned to a workplace and scenarios that should be taken in training is an important issue. The selection method that is based on performance variability of her/his activities has been proposed in the paper. This variability has been characterized by timing and precision. The traditional reliability and safety analysis methods are not sufficient when building the training program for traffic managers. In the paper the train controller work has been modelled using Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) that is system oriented approach. Scales of values of timing and precision that are train transport driven have been presented. They are different when comparing with typical timing and precision scales given in FRAM literature. In the paper the estimation of probabilities of occurring of values of timing and precision scales for these activities has been calculated as the mean from the values obtained by questionnaire done in traffic manager community or using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. In FRAM with AHP approaches presented in literature, AHP pairwise comparison is executed using natural numbers and their reciprocals what is typical in AHP method. In our paper the AHP is used for estimating the probabilities, so in pairwise comparing the rational numbers are applied, because natural numbers and their reciprocals would limit the set of values of probabilities. The activities and scenarios that the training should be concentrated on are selected from those with the greatest variability.

5

Analysis of the precision of determination of aircraft coordinates using EGNOS+SDCM solution

Krasuski Kamil, Lalak Marta, Gołda Paweł, Ciećko Adam, Grunwald Grzegorz, Mrozik Magda, Kozuba Jarosław

Archives of Transport

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2023

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Vol. 67, iss. 3

105--117

EN

This paper presents an algorithm for determining the precision parameter for aircraft position coordinates based on a combined GPS/EGNOS and GPS/SDCM solution. The proposed algorithm uses a weighted average model that combines a single GPS/EGNOS and GPS/SDCM position navigation solution to determine the resulting aircraft coordinates. The weighted mean model include the linear coefficients as a function of: the inverse of the number of tracked GPS satellites for which EGNOS and SDCM corrections have been generated, and the inverse of the geometric coefficient of the PDOP (Position Dilution of Precision). The corrections between the single GPS/EGNOS and GPS/SDCM solution to the aircraft's resultant coordinates are then calculated on this basis. Finally, the standard deviation for the aircraft resultant BLh (B-Latitude, L-Longitude, h-ellipsoidal height) coordinates is calculated as a measure of precision. The research experiment used recorded on-board GPS+SBAS data from two GNSS receivers mounted on a Diamond DA 20-C1 aircraft. The test flight was carried out on the Olsztyn-Suwałki-Olsztyn route. The calculations of aircraft position based on GPS/EGNOS and GPS/SDCM solution were performed in the RTKLIB v.2.4.3 program in the RTKPOST module. Next, aircraft resultant coordinates and standard deviations were computed in Scilab v.6.0.0 software package. Based on the tests performed, it was found that for the Trimble Alloy receiver, the standard deviation values for the ellipsoidal coordinates BLh of the aircraft do not exceed 1.77 m. However, for the Septentrio AsterRx2i receiver, the values of standard deviations for the aircraft's ellipsoidal BLh coordinates do not exceed 5.04 m. The use of linear coefficients as the inverse of the number of tracked GPS satellites with SBAS corrections in the GPS/EGNOS+GPS/SDCM positioning model resulted in a reduction in standard deviations of approximately 50-51% relative to the solution with linear coefficients calculated as the inverse of the PDOP parameter. In paper, the standard deviation was also obtained using arithmetic mean model. However the values of standard deviation from weighted mean model are lower than arithmetic mean model.

6

Comparative analysis of different trust metrics of user-user trust-based recommendation system

Roy Falguni, Hasan Mahamudul

Computer Science

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2022

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T. 23 (3)

335--373

EN

Information overload is the biggest challenge nowadays for any website – especially e-commerce websites. However, this challenge has arisen due to the fast growth of information on the web (WWW) along with easier access to the internet. A collaborative filtering-based recommender system is the most useful application for solving the information overload problem by filtering relevant information for users according to their interests. However, the current system faces some significant limitations such as data sparsity, low accuracy, cold-start, and malicious attacks. To alleviate the above-mentioned issues, the relationship of trust incorporates in the system where it can be among users or items; such a system is known as a trust-based recommender system (TBRS). From the user perspective, the motive of a TBRS is to utilize the reliability among users to generate more-accurate and trusted recommendations. However, the study aims to present a comparative analysis of different trust metrics in the context of the type of trust definition of TBRS. Also, the study accomplishes 24 trust metrics in terms of the methodology, trust properties & measurements, validation approaches, and the experimented data set.

7

Histopathology image classification using hybrid parallel structured DEEP-CNN models

Dsouza Kevin Joy, Ansari Zahid Ahmed

Applied Computer Science

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2022

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Vol. 18, no 1

20--36

EN

The healthcare industry is one of the many out there that could majorly benefit from advancement in the technology it utilizes. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are especially integral and specifically deep learning (DL); a highly useful data-driven technology. It is applied in a variety of different methods but it mainly depends on the structure of the available data. However, with varying applications, this technology produces data in different contexts with particular connotations. Reports which are the images of scans play a great role in identifying the existence of the disease in a patient. Further, the automation in processing these images using technology like CNN-based models makes it highly efficient in reducing human errors otherwise resulting in large data. Hence this study presents a hybrid deep learning architecture to classify the histopathology images to identify the presence of cancer in a patient. Further, the proposed models are parallelized using the TensorFlow-GPU framework to accelerate the training of these deep CNN (Convolution Neural Networks) archi-tectures. This study uses the transfer learning technique during training and early stopping criteria are used to avoid overfitting during the training phase. these models use LSTM parallel layer imposed in the model to experiment with four considered architectures such as MobileNet, VGG16, and ResNet with 101 and 152 layers. The experimental results produced by these hybrid models show that the capability of Hybrid ResNet101 and Hybrid ResNet152 architectures are highly suitable with an accuracy of 90% and 92%. Finally, this study concludes that the proposed Hybrid ResNet-152 architecture is highly efficient in classifying the histopathology images. The proposed study has conducted a well-focused and detailed experimental study which will further help researchers to understand the deep CNN architectures to be applied in application development.

8

Divagations on the appropriate satellite system from GNSS for aviation

Fellner Andrzej, Konieczka Robert

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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2021

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Nr 1 (262)

75--92

EN

American military satellite GPS system is an element of the global GNSS. It emits two codes: the precise and civil one. As late as in 2000, intentional interference that decreased precision of localization was introduced, allowing navigation accuracy of 20 m. GPS was made available to civil users, however, at their own responsibility. So, if we use GPS for our own goals, we must consider the errors that occur and their consequences. Nonetheless, commercial and operational needs determine the necessity of permanent access to satellite signal with appropriate consistency, accessibility, reliability and precision. Hence, natural and intentional errors are compensated for, using appropriate methods, based on a given activity.

PL

Amerykański, militarny system satelitarny GPS stanowi element globalnego GNSS. Emituje dwa kody: precyzyjny i cywilny. Dopiero w 2000 r. wyłączono celowe zakłócanie zmniejszające precyzję wyznaczania pozycji, pozwalające uzyskać dokładność nawigacji do 20 m. GPS został udostępniony użytkownikom cywilnym, ale na ich własną odpowiedzialność. Toteż o ile stosujemy GPS dla swoich potrzeb to musimy liczyć się z powstałymi błędami i wynikającymi z nich konsekwencjami. Jednak potrzeby komercyjne, operacyjne determinują konieczność permanentnego dostępu do sygnału satelitarnego, charakteryzującego się odpowiednią: ciągłością, dostępnością, wiarygodnością, dokładnością. W związku z tym naturalne i celowe błędy kompensuje się stosując odpowiednie metody, w zależności od prowadzonej działalności.

9

Fizjologiczne drżenie mięśniowe - wpływ wybranych czynników zewnętrznych.Przegląd piśmiennictwa

Mazur-Różycka Joanna, Gajewski Jan

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2021

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nr 6

10-13

PL

W artykule poruszono zagadnienia związane ze zjawiskiem fizjologicznego drżenia mięśniowego, które z różnym natężeniem występuje u wszystkich ludzi bez wyjątku. Opisano wpływ czynników zewnętrznych (tj. używek, zmęczenia, niedoboru snu) na fizjologiczne drżenie mięśniowe. W przypadku wzmożonego drżenia mięśniowego może wystąpić ograniczenie zdolności motorycznych oraz osłabienie koordynacji wzrokowo-ruchowej, co może powodować obniżenie precyzji wykonywania czynności.

EN

The article deals with issues related to the phenomenon of physiological muscle tremors, which occur in all people albeit with varying degrees of intensity. The influence of external factors (i.e. stimulants, fatigue, sleep deprivation) on physiological muscle tremors was described in the text. In case of the increased muscle tremor, there may be reduced motor skills and weakened eye-motor coordination, which may in effect reduce the precision of activities.

10

Problematyka wyznaczenia precyzji metody oznaczania zawartości siarki w LPG według EN 17178:2019 w warunkach laboratorium INiG – PIB

Jędrychowska Sylwia

Nafta-Gaz

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2020

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R. 76, nr 8

540--549

PL

W roku 2018 wprowadzono nową edycję specyfikacji dla skroplonego gazu węglowodorowego EN 589:2018, zmieniającą szereg parametrów tego paliwa, między innymi dopuszczalną zawartość siarki. Dodatkowo w specyfikacji powołano nową normę dotyczącą oznaczania zawartości lotnej siarki w LPG, tj. EN 17178:2019. Przeprowadzono badania nad wyznaczeniem precyzji metody według powyższej europejskiej normy. Określono powtarzalność na podstawie badań 11 próbek LPG o różnych zawartościach siarki i porównano ją z wartościami podanymi w normach czynnościowych: EN 17178:2019 i dotychczas stosowanej ASTM D 6667-14. Każdą próbkę analizowano siedmiokrotnie. Dla próbek w zakresie stężeń powyżej 4 mg/kg wartości powtarzalności obliczonych według normy EN 17178:2019 są dużo mniejsze od powtarzalności według ASTM D 6667-14 oraz powtarzalności wyznaczonych w niniejszej pracy. Dla próbek o stężeniach poniżej 4 mg/kg wartości powtarzalności wyznaczone w niniejszej pracy są niższe od wartości obliczonych według normy EN 17178:2019 i ASTM D 6667-14. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają zasadność zastrzeżeń wielu europejskich laboratoriów wykonujących badania zawartości siarki w LPG oraz uczestników prac grupy roboczej CEN/TC 19/WG 23 N 231 co do poprawności wyznaczenia precyzji metody według normy EN 17178:2019. W związku ze zgłoszonymi uwagami CEN podjęło decyzję o przeprowadzeniu w najbliższym czasie powtórnych badań międzylaboratoryjnych w celu określenia nowej precyzji. Dodatkowo wyznaczono odtwarzalność wewnątrzlaboratoryjną, granice wykrywalności i oznaczalności metody. Przeprowadzono weryfikację metody poprzez zbadanie 139 próbek handlowego paliwa LPG. Dokonano oceny zbadanych próbek pod kątem spełnienia wymagań ze specyfikacji z lat 2012 i 2018. Stwierdzono, że wykonując badanie próbek według normy EN 17178:2019, zaostrza się kryterium oceny zgodności z wymaganiami pochodzącymi ze specyfikacji dla LPG w porównaniu z badaniem według normy ASTM D 6667-14.

EN

A new edition of the standard specification for liquefied hydrocarbon gas EN 589:2018 was introduced in 2018, which changes some parameters for this fuel, including the acceptable sulfur content. Also, this specification constitutes a new standard for determining volatile sulfur content in LPG, i.e. EN 17178: 2019. Studies were carried out to determine the precision of the method according to the above European standard. Repeatability was determined based on tests of 11 LPG samples with different sulfur content and next it was compared with the values given in the applicable standards: EN 17178: 2019 and ASTM D 6667-14 used until now. Each sample was analyzed 7 times. The repeatability values calculated according to EN 17178: 2019 are much lower than the repeatability according to ASTM D 6667-14 and the repeatability determined in this paper for samples with a concentration range above 4 mg/kg. The repeatability values determined in this work are lower than the values calculated according to EN 17178: 2019 and ASTM D 6667-14 for samples with concentrations below 4 mg/kg. The obtained results confirm the legitimacy of reservations of many European laboratories that perform tests of sulfur content in LPG and participants of the work of the CEN/TC 19/WG 23 N 231 working group, with regard of the correctness of determining the precision of the method pursuant to EN 17178: 2019. It was decided consequently to repeat interlaboratory studies that will be aimed at the determination of a new precision, which will soon be carried out. In addition, the intermediate precision, limit of detection (LD) and limit of quantitation (LQ) of the method were determined. The method was verified by examining 139 samples of commercial LPG fuel. The tested samples were eval- uated for compliance with the specifications from 2012 and 2018. It was found that by testing samples according to EN 17178:2019, the criterion for assessing compliance with the requirements of the specification on LPG is tightened compared to testing according to the ASTM D 6667-14 standard.

11

Evaluation of precision of hydrogen isotopic composition determinations by EA-IRMS, GC-IRMS and Py-GC-IRMS

Janiga Marek, Kania Małgorzata

Nafta-Gaz

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2020

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R. 76, nr 9

569--576

EN

The work presents the results of analyzes of the hydrogen isotopic composition of pyrolysis products of a shale sample. The pyrolysis products obtained are: methane, ethene, ethane, propylene, propane, 1-butene and n-butane. The apparatus used is a Thermo Scientific Delta V Advantage mass spectrometer with a Trace GC Ultra chromatograph (HP-PLOT/Q capillary column, 30 m) and Pyroprobe 6150 pyrolyzer (pyrolysis temperature 1000°C, isothermal 30 seconds). The Py-GC-IRMS methodology for determining the hydrogen isotopic composition of pyrolysis gas products was verified by evaluating repeatability. The shale sample was pyrolyzed at 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C. Accordingly, pyrolysis at 500o C does not allow the products to be separated. The ratio between unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons changes, and as the temperature increases, unsaturated ones begin to dominate. The isotopic composition of individual pairs also changes, although the relationship between δD in unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons is constant. The trend for all components is that at higher pyrolysis temperatures, the isotopic composition is also higher. Herein, the differences in the isotope composition of 900°C and 1000°C are negligible. The nature of isotopic composition determinations does not allow ascertaining the limit of quantification, the limit of detection and the method bias. Values of relative standard deviations are below five percent only for methane, ethane and propylene. In addition, repeatability tests were performed for EA-IRMS (elemental analyzer combined with isotope mass spectrometer) and GCIRMS (sample injection directly into the inlet). The samples used were hard coal and natural gas. Repeatability of hydrogen isotopic composition analyzes assessed using relative standard deviation was the best (lowest value) for the GC-IRMS system (0.8%), then for the Py-GCIRMS system (methane at 3 mg – 1.2%) and for EA-IRMS (2.3%).

PL

Praca przedstawia wyniki analiz składu izotopowego wodoru produktów pirolizy próbki łupku. Otrzymywane produkty pirolizy to: metan, eten, etan, propylen, propan, 1-buten i n-butan. Wykorzystana aparatura to spektrometr masowy Delta V Advantage firmy Thermo Scientific wraz z chromatografem Trace GC Ultra (kolumna kapilarna HP-PLOT/Q, 30 m) i pirolizerem Pyroprobe 6150 (temperatura pirolizy: 1000°C, izoterma: 30 sekund). Układ połączony jest on-line za pośrednictwem Conflo IV. Metodyka Py-GC-IRMS oznaczeń składu izotopowego wodoru gazowych produktów pirolizy została sprawdzona poprzez ocenę powtarzalności. Próbka łupku była pirolizowana w temperaturach: 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C i 1000°C. Piroliza w 500°C nie pozwala na wydzielenie produktów. Proporcja pomiędzy nienasyconymi i nasyconymi węglowodorami zmienia się i wraz ze wzrostem temperatury zaczynają dominować węglowodory nienasycone. Skład izotopowy poszczególnych par również ulega zmianie, choć stała jest relacja pomiędzy δD nienasyconych i nasyconych węglowodorów. W przypadku wszystkich składników utrzymuje się trend, że przy wyższej temperaturze pirolizy wartości składu izotopowego są również wyższe. Dodatkowo różnice składu izotopowego w temperaturach 900°C i 1000°C są już znikome. Charakter oznaczeń składu izotopowego nie pozwala na określenie granicy oznaczalności, granicy wykrywalności oraz obciążenia metody. Wartości względnych odchyleń standardowych są poniżej pięciu procent jedynie dla metanu, etanu i propylenu. Dodatkowo wykonano testy powtarzalności dla układów EA-IRMS (analizator elementarny połączony z izotopowym spektrometrem masowym) oraz GC-IRMS (nastrzyk próbki bezpośrednio do dozownika chromatografu połączonego z ConFlo IV i spektrometrem). Wykorzystane próbki to węgiel kamienny oraz gaz ziemny. Powtarzalność oznaczeń składu izotopowego wodoru oceniana przy użyciu względnego odchylenia standardowego była najlepsza (najniższa wartość) w przypadku układu GC-IRMS (0,8%), następnie układu Py-GC-IRMS (metan przy naważce 3 mg – 1,2%) i EA-IRMS (2,3%).

12

Design and evaluation of a SteamVR tracker for training applications – simulations and measurements

Maciejewski Marcin, Piszczek Marek, Pomianek Mateusz, Pałka Norbert

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2020

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Vol. 27, nr 4

601--614

EN

Virtual reality (VR) has become a realistic alternative to conventional learning methods in numerous fields including military training. Accurate and precise tracking of a user wearing a head-mounted display is necessary to achieve an immersive VR experience. The widely available SteamVR system, where licensed users can design and construct trackers optimized for a given application can be an alternative to very expensive professional motion tracking. This paper presents the complete design process of a SteamVR tracker dedicated to a shooting simulation in a VR environment. We describe the optimization and simulation of the tracker’s shape and configuration of the sensors. In the simulation phase the developed model had better parameters than its commercial counterparts. Next, the optimized prototype was constructed and configured. The dedicated and automated measuring arrangement provided experimental verification of the tracker’s performance. Tracking performance as well as the accuracy and precision of both position and orientation measurements were determined and compared with simulations, which proved that the simulation software can accurately predict selected properties of the proposed tracker.

13

The positioning of the aircraft using GPS/GLONASS data

Krasuski Kamil, Kobiałka Ewelina, Ćwiklak Janusz, Grzegorzewski Marek

Journal of KONBiN

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2019

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Vol. 49, iss. 3

65--96

EN

The article presents the results of aircraft positioning using GPS/GLONASS data in air navigation. In the work, the flight trajectory of the Cessna 172 aircraft was determined on the basis of GPS, GLONASS and GPS/GLONASS data. The coordinates of the Cessna 172 were determined using the least squares method in a stochastic processing compliant with the ICAO recommendations. In the air test, the Cessna 172 made a test flight over EPDE military airfield in Dęblin. The GPS, GLONASS and GPS/GLONASS measurement data from the Topcon HiperPro on-board aircraft installed on the Cessna 172 aircraft were used in the research experiment. The coordinates of the Cessna 172 in the geocentric XYZ and ellipsoidal BLh were compared with the precise flight reference trajectory determined from the differential technique RTK-OTF.

PL

W artykule dokonano przedstawienia rezultatów pozycjonowania statku powietrznego z użyciem danych GPS/GLONASS w nawigacji lotniczej. W pracy dokonano wyznaczenia trajektorii lotu statku powietrznego Cessna 172 na podstawie danych GPS, GLONASS oraz GPS/GLONASS. Współrzędne statku powietrznego Cessna 172 zostały określone z użyciem metody najmniejszych kwadratów w procesie stochastycznym zgodnym z zaleceniami ICAO. W teście lotniczym statek powietrzny Cessna 172 dokonał próbnego oblotu lotniska wojskowego EPDE w Dęblinie. W eksperymencie badawczym wykorzystano dane pomiarowe GPS, GLONASS oraz GPS/GLONASS z pokładowego odbiornika Topcon HiperPro zainstalowanego na statku powietrznym Cessna 172. Wyznaczone współrzędne statku powietrznego Cessna 172 w układzie geocentrycznym XYZ oraz elipsoidalnym BLh, zostały porównane z precyzyjną trajektorią odniesienia lotu wyznaczoną z techniki różnicowej RTK-OTF.

14

Evaluation of some levelling techniques in surveying application

Pirti Atinc, Hosbas Ramazan Gürsel

Geodesy and Cartography

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2019

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Vol. 68, no. 2

361--373

EN

Applications in geodesy and engineering surveying require the determination of the heights of the vertical control points in the national and local networks using different techniques. These techniques can be classified as geometric, trigonometric, barometric and Global Positioning System (GPS) levelling. The aim of this study is to analyse height differences obtained from these three techniques using precise digital level and digital level, total station (trigonometric levelling) and GPS which collects phase and code observations (GPS levelling). The accuracies of these methods are analysed. The results obtained show that the precise digital levelling is more stable and reliable than the other two methods. The results of the three levelling methods agree with each other within a few millimetres. The different levelling methods are compared. Geometric levelling is usually accepted as being more accurate than the other methods. The discrepancy between geometric levelling and short range trigonometric levelling is at the level of 8 millimetres. The accuracy of the short range trigonometric levelling is due the reciprocal and simultaneous observations of the zenith angles and slope distances over relative short distances of 250 m. The difference between the ellipsoidal height differences obtained from the GPS levelling used without geoid and the orthometric height differences obtained from precise geometric levelling is 4 millimetres. The geoid model which is obtained from a fifth order polynomial fit of the project area is good enough in this study. The discrepancy between the precise geometric and GPS levelling (with geoid corrections) is 4 millimetres over 5 km.

15

A performance evaluation of neuro‑fuzzy and regression methods in estimation of sediment load of selective rivers

Varvani J., Khaleghi M. R.

Acta Geophysica

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2019

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Vol. 67, no. 1

205--214

EN

Sediment rating curves (SRCs) have been recognized as the most popular method for estimating sediment in the hydrology of river sediments and in watersheds. In this regard, in order to compare and correct estimation methods of river sediment load, estimated rates of several univariate types of SRCs and a multivariate type of SRCs (MSRCs) were studied using the neuro-fuzzy and tree regression models in five selective hydrometric stations of different climatic zones of Iran and with various indexes of the accuracy (AI) and the precision (PI). The results of the data analysis showed that the mean of the AI of neuro-fuzzy and tree regression models in selective stations is 151 and 536%, respectively, which shows the low efficiency compared with SRCs. Also according to the results, the best rate of the AI of the MSRCs belongs to the Glink station with the rate of 1.12. Also, the average value of the AI of MSRCs is 1.15 which is an acceptable amount of the other considered various methods.

16

Development and validation of high-performance liquid chromatographic method for quantification of Irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38 in colon tumor bearing NOD/SCID mice plasma samples: application to pharmacokinetic study

Taneja Neetika, Gota Vikram, Gurjar Murari, Singh Kamalinder K.

Acta Chromatographica

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2019

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Vol. 31, no. 3

166--172

EN

Irinotecan (IRT) is an antineoplastic agent widely used in the treatment of various cancers primarily in colorectal cancer. A new, simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method coupled with fluorescence detector was developed and validated to quantify IRT and its active metabolite SN38 in the plasma of non-obese diabetic/severe combined immune-deficient mice (NOD/SCID) mice bearing colon tumor. The plasma samples were extracted by precipitation method using acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid. The chromatographic separation was achieved using mobile phase consisted of water and acetonitrile (57:43 v/v) pH 3 at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min in C18 column (internal diameter, 250 × 4.6 mm; pore size, 5 μm). The method was validated according to the bioanalytical guidelines defined by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicine Agency (EMA). A regression (R2) value of 0.999 and 0.997 for IRT and SN38 suggested the good linearity in the range of 0.1–10 μg/mL and 5–500 ng/mL, respectively. The calculated lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) for IRT were 0.1 and 0.065 μg/mL, respectively. However, for SN38, LLOQ and LOD were 5 and 2 ng/mL, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day variations (coefficient of variance; % CV) observed during the validation were found to be within the set limit of 15%. Both accuracy and percentage recovery analyzed and calculated from the quality control samples were in the between the defined range of 85–115%. Plasma samples were found to be stable when stored at room temperature for 2 h, after 2 freeze–thaw cycles and at −80 °C for 2 months. The developed method was successfully applied to study the plasma elimination profile of IRT in NOD/SCID mice with tumor. The results from plasma concentration time profile and pharmacokinetic parameter analyzed suggested the rapid elimination of IRT and SN38 from the plasma of NOD/SCID mice.

17

Wyznaczanie precyzji i dokładności lokalizacji obiektu na przykładzie systemu lokalizacji wewnątrzbudynkowej Dimension4 firmy Ubisense

Eljasz D., Tkacz J., Gratkowski T., Doligalski M.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2018

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R. 94, nr 12

56--59

PL

Systemy umożliwiające lokalizację obiektu zdobywają coraz większą popularność. Kilka lat temu jedynym ogólnodostępnym systemem lokalizacyjnym był amerykański Navstar GPS, który niestety nie pracował w pomieszczeniach zamkniętych takich jak magazyny, czy hale produkcyjne. Postęp technologiczny i miniaturyzacja sprawiły, że systemy lokalizacyjne wkroczyły w nowy obszar. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki testów precyzji i dokładności lokalizacji obiektów z użyciem systemu lokalizacji wewnątrzbudynkowej Dimension4 firmy Ubisense.

EN

Systems enabling the location of objects are gaining more and more popularity. A few years back, only the American localization system Navstar GPS has been available for commercial use. Unfortunately, this system does not perform well in enclosed spaces such as buildings, warehouses or production halls. Technological progress and miniaturization possibilities have made the localization systems enter the previously unavailable area. In this paper tests for determining the precision and accuracy of the Ubisense Dimension4 indoor location system are presented.

18

Measurement System for Assesment of Motor Cylinder Tolerances and Roundness

Jermak C. J., Dereżyński J., Rucki M.

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2018

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Vol. 25, nr 1

103--114

EN

The paper describes the concept of a novel measurement system designed for quick and inexpensive measurement of tolerances and assessment of roundness, especially suitable for the motor industry. The structure of measurement system and its algorithm of measurement data analysis are described in detail. The system underwent tests with the setting (master) rings of known tolerances and out-of-roundness. The results were compared with those obtained from the reference device PIK-2. The tested system exhibited a very good accuracy and proved to be a good measurement tool. It was implemented in the industrial enterprise.

19

Detection of wear parameters using existing sensors in the machines environment to reach higher machine precision

Schmitt R. R., Decressin R., Dietrich F., Dröder K.

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, No. 2

85--96

EN

This paper presents methods to plan predictive maintenance for precision assembly tasks. One of the key aspects of this approach is handling the abnormalities during the development phase, i.e. before and during process implementation. The goal is to identify abnormalities which are prone to failure and finding methods to monitor them. To achieve this, an example assembly system is presented. A Failure Mode and Effects Analysis is then applied to this assembly system to show which key elements influence the overall product quality. Methods to monitor these elements are presented. A unique aspect of this approach is exploring additional routines which can be incorporated in the process to identify machine specific problems. As explained within the paper, the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis shows that the resulting quality in a case study from a precision assembly task is dependent on the precision of the rotational axis. Although the rotational axis plays a significant role in the resulting error, it is hard to explicitly find a correlation between its degradation and produced parts. To overcome this, an additional routine is added to the production process, which directly collects information about the rotational axis. In addition to the overall concept, this routine is discussed and its ability to monitor the rotational axis is confirmed in the paper.

20

Wpływ niedokładności montażu rusztowań na bezpieczeństwo i wytężenie konstrukcji

Błazik-Borowa E., Lipecki T., Bęc J., Robak A., Pieńko M., Jamińska-Gadomska P.

Przegląd Budowlany

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2017

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R. 88, nr 7-8

44--49

PL

W odniesieniu do ponad 50 rusztowań w całej Polsce wykonano między innymi takie badania jak inwentaryzacja rusztowań, pomiary geodezyjne, pomiary sił w stojakach i pomiary dynamicznego modułu sprężystości podłoża. Wyniki pomiarów pokazują, że w znacznej części rusztowań podłoże nie jest dobrze przygotowane, czego efektem może być nierównomierne osiadanie. Drugim stwierdzonym problemem są znaczne imperfekcje geometryczne, sięgające 20 cm. Zarówno nierównomierne osiadania rusztowania, jak i odchylenia od idealnej geometrii mają negatywny wpływ na wytężenie konstrukcji. W pracy analiza tych zjawisk z pokazaniem negatywnych skutków dla rusztowania została wykonana na 5 przykładowych rusztowaniach.

EN

In Poland the following research for over 50 scaffoldings were made: scaffoldings stocktaking, geodetic measurements, measurements of normal forces in stands and dynamic substrate elastic modulus. The research results show that substrates of many scaffoldings are not properly prepared and it causes uneven settlement of scaffoldings. The second identified problem is the big geometric imperfection which reach 20 cm. Both uneven settlement and imperfections have negative influence on construction effort. In the paper the analyses of these phenomena and their negative effects are shown for 5 exemplary scaffoldings.