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Pozycja ustrojowa wybranych organów państwa w kontekście realizacji przez nie zadań w obszarze obronności

Wojciszko M.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki

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2012

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Nr 1

6-27

PL

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia problematykę dotyczącą pozycji ustrojowej wybranych organów państwa (określoną głównie w Konstytucji RP z 1997 r., ale również w aktach prawnych niższego rzędu) w kontekście wykonywania przez te organy zadań w obszarze przygotowań obronnych w czasie pokoju, jak również funkcjonowania ich w sytuacji zewnętrznego zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa państwa i w czasie wojny. Pozycja ustrojowa, w szczególności naczelnych organów państwa, jak również relacje między nimi oraz sprawowane funkcje w obszarze bezpieczeństwa i obronności państwa wynikają w dużej mierze z systemu rządów przyjętego w państwie. W świetle powyższego, niniejszy materiał stanowi podstawę do określenia, czy obecnie przyjęte rozwiązania prawnoustrojowe stwarzają właściwe warunki dla sprawnego funkcjonowania naczelnych organów państwa w sytuacji szczególnego zagrożenia.

EN

The purpose of this study was to investigate the position of certain state bodies/authorities (as defined by the Constitution and other legal acts)in the area of defence preparation in peace, emergency and war time. The position of the state bodies in this area is determined by the adopted system of governance. The study focused on examining whether the adopted constitutional regime creates the appropriate and adequate conditions for the functioning and operating of the state bodies/authorities in the case of emergency.

2

Prawo bezpieczeństwa narodowego w systemie prawa

Kitler W.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2011

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nr 2(83)

69-90

EN

The role of law in the state is indisputable; due to the norms established by appropriate bodies the rules of behavior (action) are defined in all areas of the functioning of the state, bodies of government, market zone, third sector (non-profit organizations) and particular citizens. Inseparable mutual relationship between the state and law makes law play a significant role in the organization of the state activities and entities functioning on its territory, also in the national security aspect. The character and range of the norms of law condition the effectiveness of the organization of the state, thus organizational and functional effectiveness of particular organizational units set up by the state and acting on its behalf to attain security goals. Despite the fact that national and international law is concerned with security, there is no theoretical background directly connected with security matters that could cause a deep reflection on legal aspects of these problems. The author of the article tries to reflect on legal aspects of security from the security practitioner’s and theoretician’s point of view for whom normative measures and legal norms make a foundation of a “good” organization of the state and society in relation to the performing the basic mission, i.e. providing free of disturbances - safe conditions of life and national development.

3

Konstytucyjne uprawnienia Sejmu i Senatu w dziedzinie obronności i bezpieczeństwa państwa

Dunaj K.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2011

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nr 2(83)

91-106

EN

The article features the problems of the Sejm and Senate powers in the state defence and security areas. The Sejm plays the main role in this respect, whereas the Senate’s powers are limited due to the principle of asymmetric bicameralism of parliament. Particular powers of both parliamentary chambers are discussed in the context of constitutional functions performed by them. Within its legislative function, the Sejm passes bills of law defining the organization of the Armed Forces, expressing agreement to ratify or rescind international agreements that define the principles of the Armed Forces ’ engagement and deployment outside the country, as well as consequences of imposing the stales of emergency. Performing its control function, the Sejm supervises the activities of the Council of Ministers, the Minister of National Defence including, and has a civil and democratic control of the Armed Forces. The Sejm’s powers connected with its function to coordinate the policy of the state are also very important as the Sejm controls the President’s order to impose a martial law or the state of emergency, approves orders having the force of law (a statutory instrument) issued by the President during a martial time and takes a decision to declare the state of war.

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Kompetencje organów państwowych odpowiedzialnych za bezpieczeństwo narodowe RP

Szynowski R.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2011

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nr 2(83)

107-132

EN

Powers of state bodies responsible for the Republic of Poland’s national security This article presents the powers of the state bodies that are responsible for the Republic of Poland’s national security. The power means the capability to perform actions that bring about legal consequences, i.e. particular duties of certain entities. A specific character of the state bodies’ powers means that not only do they have the power to perform a certain action, but also in some situations legal norms may oblige to take advantage of these competences. A state body, (state bodies’ system or a state apparatus) is obliged to act for and in the interest of the state, as well as for and in the interest of its citizens. In practice, the organizational structure of contemporary states is very complex, depending on political solutions adopted in a particular state. The article also takes into account the concept of triple division of powers and subordinating particular functions of the state to its bodies. Three groups of bodies are differentiated: legislative bodies (Sejm and Senate), executive bodies (President and Council of Ministers) and judicial bodies (e.g. courts of general jurisdiction) and additionally the bodies of state control, law protection and local government. The condition that allows distinguishing these five groups of bodies are the principles of their organization, the mode of functioning, internal structure and character of relations between them.

5

Bezpieczeństwo jako cel państwa w ujęciu normatywnym

Grzonka L.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2011

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nr 2(83)

59-68

EN

The article concentrates on a normative approach of the goals of the state. The key issue is to present the programme norms that show the directions for the state to follow. These kinds of norms are included in the Constitution, international agreements and bills of law. These norms’ interpretation should have (and actually it has) a dynamic character, i.e. taking into consideration a current situation of the state. Another problem is the issue of goals competitiveness in a situation when the state is not able to attain them in an equal degree. Establishing the hierarchy of the goals of the state on a normative basis is extremely difficult.

6

Konstytucyjne środki ochrony wolności oraz praw człowieka i obywatela

Haduch T.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki

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2005

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Nr 4

73--78

PL

Od wejścia w życie Powszechnej Deklaracji Praw Człowieka w 1948 r., Europejskiej Konwencji o Ochronie Praw Człowieka i Podstawowych Wolności w 1950 oraz Międzynarodowych Paktów Praw Człowieka w 1966 r. istnieje międzynarodowy wzorzec praw i wolności. Prawa te służą ochronie interesów jednostki. Te, które są związane z obywatelstwem danego państwa, przysługują wyłącznie jego obywatelom (np. prawo dostępu do służby publicznej). Poza tym prawa jednostki przysługują każdej osobie niezależnie od posiadanego przez nią obywatelstwa.

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Nadmiar prawa szkodzi

Janka W.

Przegląd Komunalny

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2005

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nr 12

64-64

PL

Każda cywilizacja, żeby istnieć, musi opierać się na prawie. Jest ono rozumiane jako zespół norm regulujących stosunki społeczne, zabezpieczone aparatem przymusu państwowego.

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Kierowanie obronnością kraju i kształt sił zbrojnych w pracach Sejmu RP po 1989 roku

Binkowski H.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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1999

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nr 2(35)

107-124

EN

After 1989 Poland entered the stage of political system transformation. Its political system underwent complete revaluation. The Sejm’s position, as one of the third components of state power took an entirely different shape. The basic changes occurred also in the defence area. As one of the most important state power bodies, the parliament plays a definite role in the process of national security shaping, in military aspects including. The Sejm, despite restricting its previous mainly normative role, maintained the crucial position to perform legal functions. It co-ordinated and even, in some periods of time, clearly influenced government defence policy. Its role to co-operate in defence policy of the state was also perceived by military studies. It is difficult to answer the question concerning the results of ten-year activities of selective state power bodies in the defence area and cannot be evaluated in an univocal and positive way. It appears that for many years there was not a model of vision for Poland to aspire to guarantee its security in a military dimension. The article touches on only a fragment of issues concerning the parliament actions in the state defence system, the considerations have been limited exclusively to the command problems of the national defence and the shape of the armed forces, hoping that the material presented will arise the readers’ interest.