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Wpływ stosowanych praktyk rolniczych na dopływ wód podziemnych oraz azotanów do Zatoki Puckiej

Potrykus Dawid

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 1

15--25

EN

Eutrophication of marine baśni associated with submarine groundwater discharge is currently one of the most important challenges in modern coastal hydrogeology, and is classified as a serious global environmental problem. Aparticular source of groundwater pollution is agricultural activity, which is commonly carried out in the coastal zone. Research was conducted on arepresentative part of the Bay of Puck watershed, dominated by agriculturall anduse. The geological setting of the study area is heterogeneous, which has a significant influence on groundwater flow and occurrence in the multi-aquifer hydrosystem, draining into Puck Bay. The impact of agricultural practices on groundwater and nitrate discharge to the Puck Bay was determined, byan integrated modeling approach, developed using combination of the SWAT, MODFLOW-NWT and MT3DMS codes. Spatial and seasonal variations of the N-NO3 load leached from the soil profile and the infiltration of precipitation are convergent with observed trends in the discharge of groundwater and N-NO3 loads into Puck Bay. The simulations show that 1,355.13 m3/h of ground- waterand1.87kg/h (16. 4 t/year) of N-NO3 loadare discharged into Puck Bay from the aquifers analyzed, the majority of which comes froman upper aquifer. The distribution of the values as determined was found to be influenced by agricultural practices, resulting from changes in crop structure, fertilizer management, cultivation methods and grazing.

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Skażenie mikrobiologiczne warzyw oraz metody ich ograniczania

Kowalska Beata

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2023

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T. 77, nr 11

30--33

PL

Warzywa są ważnym i nieodzownym składnikiem zdrowej diety. Należy jednak mieć świadomość, że mogą one być nośnikiem mikroorganizmów chorobotwórczych dla człowieka, co w konsekwencji prowadzi do wielu poważnych chorób. W pracy omówiono mikroorganizmy zanieczyszczające warzywa ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem warzyw liściastych. Opisano drogi zakażenia warzyw na różnych etapach ich produkcji - „od pola do stołu”. Wskazano na błędy popełniane podczas uprawy surowca tj. stosowanie nieodpowiedniej higieny, zanieczyszczonej wody do nawadniania czy nieodpowiednio przygotowanych nawozów naturalnych. Zwrócono uwagę na zasady profilaktyki, które powinny być podjęte, aby ograniczyć to zjawisko.

EN

Vegetables are an important and indispensable component of a healthy diet. However, it is important to be aware that they can carry pathogenic microorganisms for humans which cause many serious diseases. This paper discusses the microorganisms contaminating vegetables with particular emphasis on leafy vegetables. The pathways of vegetables contamination on all stages of production - “from field to table” are described. It points out the mistakes made during the cultivation of raw materials, such as the use of inadequate hygiene, contaminated irrigation water or improperly prepared organic fertilizers. Attention is drawn to the principles of prevention that should be taken to limit this phenomenon.

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Changes of Ortolan Bunting (Emberiza hortulana L.) Habitats and Implications for the Species Presence in SE Moravia, Czech Republic

Skokanová H., Havlíček M., Unar P., Janík D., Šimeček K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 1

98--112

EN

The study focuses on the changes of Ortolan Bunting (Emberizia hortulana L.) habitats, which occurred during the last 20 years, and the implications of these changes for the presence of the species population in south-eastern Moravia, Czech Republic. The research was based on aerial photographs and field work. We have identified habitats that were favoured by Ortolan Bunting in the study area on the basis of expert knowledge and by spatial analysis. We found that these habitats experienced statistically significant decline in their area. The decline was steeper in the region where Ortolan Bunting occurred only in the 1990s and was smaller in the region where the bird was present from late 1990s till 2012. However, our analyses did not confirm direct relationship between the habitat changes and the decline of Ortolan Bunting population, i.e. we did not find that decline of favourable habitat significantly affected decline of the species population. The main reasons for the decrease of favourable habitats in the study area are changes in agricultural practices, especially spread of mechanisation that have caused an increase in the size of fields and a drastic reduction of groups of trees and solitary trees. Additionally, widespread grassing of vineyards and other plots as a result of integrated and organic farming contributed to the decrease of favourable habitats. Practices in the form of planting new trees and leaving parts of managed land bare to be used for mitigating the decline of the bird population were discussed.