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Mapa w perspektywie pragmatycznej - propozycje teoretyczne

Zarycki T.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

2000

T. 32, nr 2

97-106

W artykule przedstawiono nową próbę określenia pola pragmatyki kartograficznej, a następnie propozycję wprowadzenia narzędzi teoretycznych, które pozwoliłyby na zoperacjonalizowanie programu badania zależności między mapą a jej użytkownikami. Należą do nich pojęcia głębokiego poziomu analizy mapy, obiektu kartograficznego oraz struktury tematycznej obiektu.

This initial part of this paper contains a new approach to define the scope of the main subdisciplines of semiotics: semantics, syntax and pragmatics in the context of cartographic communication. The former, Ratajski's interpretation is collated with the proposed scopes of particular branches. The significance of linguistic pragmatics was particularly stressed, as it is considered to be the most dynamically developing subdiscipline of semiotics recently. It also appears to be particularly important in regards to the theoretical aspects of cartographic communication studies. The paper then contains an attempt to transfer the selected pragmatic concepts into cartography. The initial step of this process consists in the selection of the general and deep levels of map analysis. These levels correspond to the semantic/syntactic and pragmatic analysis, respectively. Author proposes to adopt the concept of object as a basic unit of the deep level map analysis, compared to the concept of sign on the general level. Each ceartographic object can be described through its properties, which can further be classified according to various criteria. The classification into spatial and non-spatial as well as into relative and absolute features is considered to be essential. The author presents his interpretation of the thematic structure of a sentence in the cartographic context. He proves that the map reading can be described as a process of reading the unknown properties of an object, which was previously identified on the grounds of the known properties. This rule was previously described in cartographic literature, however its application to the phenomena occurring in the natural language as proposed by Ratajski, does not seem felicitous. The division into the known and unknown properties also applies to the questions directed to a map. These questions can be used to determine the needs of the map user. Each "spatial query" describes the known properties of an object on one hand, but also its new properties on the other.