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Dobór sorbentów do wzbogacenia analitów w próbkach powietrza pobieranych na stanowisku pracy

Dobrzyńska E., Szewczyńska M.

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

2015

nr 1

60--64

Badanie i tworzenie nowych materiałów sorpcyjnych do stosowania w technikach izolowania i wzbogacania to wciąż bardzo obiecujące i rozwojowe pole badawcze.

Chromatograficzne metody badań zanieczyszczeń powietrza w obiektach gospodarki komunalnej

Sadowska-Rociek A., Kurdziel M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2008

[Z] 62, 7-8

733-746

Communal management facilities like composting plants or landfills are found to be significant sources of air pollution in the environment. Air pollution is caused by chemical compounds that are naturally generated during biological decomposition of organic waste. Most of these substances belong to the volatile organic compounds (VOC). They can be classified into the groups: aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons and sulphur and nitrogen containing compounds. Their emissions to the atmosphere cause serious environmental concerns like potential health hazards, global warming, ozone layer damage and finally unpleasant odours that are the most important nuisance to citizens living in the vicinity of communal management objects. In the recent years the growing public concern about living conditions and the state of environment has resulted in the development of new analytical approaches suitable for monitoring and examining the volatile organic compounds in the air. This article provides a review of the most frequently employed gas chromatographic methods used for determination of air pollutants emitted from communal management facilities. Gas chromatographs equipped with various types of columns and detectors (FID, PID) and coupled with mass spectrometers (GC/MS), olfactory detection port (GC/ODP) remain nowadays the most widely used and very suitable devices to investigate the presence and concentration of landfill odorants in the air [1-3]. In the article the above-mentioned methods are summarized and discussed. The sampling technique in the analysis of gases is often the crucial point of the whole procedure. The most popular techniques of sample preparation including dynamic and passive enrichment on sorbents, followed by thermal desorption or extraction, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) or the modern approaches like use of the flux chamber [4, 5] are also described. Finally, the review covers the topic of miniaturization of gas-chromatographic instruments. Micro gas chromatographs (?GC) and portable gas chromatographs provide the possibility of on-site analysis without the risk of sample contamination or destruction. They are easy to operate and work on-line, giving immediate results, which permit to monitor the level of pollution in the real time and follow the time evolution of landfill emissions [6]. In the Table 1 some examples of volatile organic compounds determination recently carried out in different places of the world are presented.