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1

Substantiation of the radius of curvature of the chisel plow point of the working bodies of tillage implements

Čėsna Jonas, Golub Genadii, Kukharets Savelii, Hutsol Taras, Medvedskyi Oleksandr, Slobodian Sergii, Hulevskyi Vadym, Malaga-Tobola Urszula, Stroianovska Liliia

Agricultural Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 26, No. 1

231--241

EN

Chisel plows with a chisel as a working body, loosen the soil without mixing the layers. The analysis of the conducted research concludes that the most widespread is a cylindrical surface of a chisel working body - a chisel with a constant radius of curvature. It is theoretically established that at the radius of curvature of the bit up to 0.1 m, the soil on the surface of the bit will move chaotically, while the curvature of the bit does not affect the percentage of wrapped plant debris. As the radius of curvature increases, the force of inertia decreases, therefore, the angle of soil rise decreases. For the radius of curvature of the bit bigger than 0.5 m, the force of inertia has almost no effect on the angle of the soil rise. Without the influence of the force of inertia, the soil particles begin to move more orderly, the soil and plant debris begin to move along trajectories corresponding to the shape of the bit, which increases the coefficient of wrapping plant debris. It is established that at the radius of curvature of the bit 0.5 m and at an operating speed of 2 m·s-1 there is an orderly movement of soil on the surface of the bit, which affects the percentage of wrapping of plant remains. The use of a chisel plow point with a cylindrical surface increases the wrapping of plant remains by an average of 17%.

PL

Kultywatory, których elementem roboczym jest dłuto, rozluźniają glebę poprzez zmieszanie jej warstw. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje na to, że najbardziej rozpowszechniona jest cylindryczna powierzchnia elementu roboczego dłuta - dłuto o stałym promieniu krzywizny. Teoretycznie, przy promieniu krzywizny elementu o długości do 0.1 m, gleba na powierzchni elementu porusza się chaotycznie, podczas gdy krzywizna elementu nie wpływa na procent owiniętych resztek roślin. Wraz ze wzrostem promienia krzywizny, spada siła bezwładności. Zatem, kąt uniesienia gleby maleje. Dla promienia krzywizny element dłuższego niż 0.5 m, siła bezwładności nie wpływa na kąt uniesienia gleby. Bez wpływu siły bezwładności, cząsteczki gleby zaczynają poruszać się w porządku, ziemia i resztki roślin zaczynają poruszać się wzdłuż trajektorii odpowiadającej kształtowi elementu, co zwiększa współczynnik owinięcia resztek roślin. Użycie redliczek kultywatora o cylindrycznym kształcie zwiększa owinięcie resztek roślin o średnio 17%.

2

The effect of valley depth on areal form removal in surface topography measurements

Podulka P.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 2

391--400

EN

Surface topography assessments with valley exploration are of great importance. Two-process surfaces are often proposed for many combustion engines. One of the errors committed in surface topography measurements and analysis are those that occur during data processing. In this paper, improper areal form removal was taken into consideration for plateau-honed cylindrical surfaces with additionally burnished oil pockets. Usually, the reference plane is established by application of: fitting algorithms (e.g. cylindrical shape), polynomials, filters and other procedures. In many cases, the influence of the reference plane was not fully recognized during valley depth consideration. Moreover, the influence of areal form removal with edge-to-dimple and valley‑to-dimple distances was not precisely defined. In this research, commonly used algorithms for form separation in surface topography analysis were proposed for the applications being considered. The digital filter bandwidth was also specified for valley depth analysis. The distortion of edge‑located oil pockets was specified. It was assumed that application of robust techniques does not necessarily provide the desired results.

3

Komputerowa symulacja parametrów trójpunktowej metody odniesieniowej do pomiaru falistości powierzchni cylindrycznych

Zmarzły P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Świętokrzyskiej. Nauki Techniczne

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2014

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Z. 18

329--336

PL

W Politechnice Świętokrzyskiej prowadzone są prace badawcze mające na celu zastosowanie metody odniesieniowej do pomiaru falistości dużych elementów cylindrycznych. Artykuł przedstawia zasadę realizacji oraz model matematyczny metody odniesieniowej, służącej do pomiaru okrągłości oraz falistości powierzchni cylindrycznej. Scharakteryzowano cztery typy trójpunktowej metody odniesieniowej. W celu doboru optymalnego rodzaju metody odniesieniowej, służącej do pomiaru falistości elementów okrągłych, przeprowadzono komputerową symulację w zakresie 16–50 fal/obrót.

EN

In many branches of industry there are large and heavy cylindrical elements. The most popular methods applied to measure roundness and waviness of cylindrical parts are radial method. This method can be used mainly for objects with small dimension and lower weight. Radial method is useless for large-size cylinders. For this reason researchers developed V-block method knows as references method to measure roundness of large cylindrical surfaces. At the Kielce University of Technology research is carried out to extend applicability of the V-block method to waviness measurements of large cylindrical mechanical parts. The paper presents fundaments of V-block method and mathematical model. The four types of three-points references method was characterized. In order to determine the most appropriate type of three-point method to waviness measurements the computer simulation was carried out. The simulation was performed in range 16-50 UPR (undulation per revolution) which correspond to surface waviness.

4

Influence of some factors on the powder deposition process by electrical discharges

Topala P., Slatineanu L., Dodun O., Pinzaru N.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

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2008

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z. 73 [253]

277-282

EN

The paper presents the results of some experimental researches concerning the electrical discharges deposition of the metallic powders an the workpieces cylindrical surfaces. The process could be included in the group of the manufacturing processes based on the physical effects of the electric current. The powder is introduced in the electrical discharge channel developed between the workpiece and the electrode. As consequence of the high temperature developed within the discharge channel, the powder and the superficial layer of the workpiece are melted and they constitute the new metallic layer, presenting more convenient properties from the point of view of the part behavior in service. Adequate mechanical and electric equipment was used to ensure the work conditions for the electrical discharge deposition The experimental researches were developed to study the influence exerted by certain work conditions on the man of the deposited material.