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1

Experimental study of dispersed flow in the thermopressor of the intercooling system for marine and stationary power plants compressors

Konovalov Dmytro, Kobalava Halina, Radchenko Mykola, Løvås Terese, Pavlenko Anatoliy, Radchenko Roman, Radchenko Andrii

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 1

art. no. e148439

EN

This study investigates the use of a thermopressor to achieve highly dispersed liquid atomization, with a primary focus on its application in enhancing contact cooling systems of the cyclic air for gas turbines. The use of a thermopressor results in a substantial reduction in the average droplet diameter, specifically to less than 25 μm, within the dispersed flow. Due to practically instantaneous evaporation of highly atomized liquid droplets in accelerated superheated air the pressure drop is reduced to minimum. A further increase of the air pressure takes place in diffuser. In its turn, this allows for the compensation of hydraulic pressure losses in the air path, thereby reducing compressive work. Experimental data uncover a significant decrease in the average droplet diameter, with reductions ranging from 20 to 30 µm within the thermopressor due to increased flow turbulence and intense evaporation. The minimum achievable droplet diameter is as low as 15 µm and accompanied by a notable increase in the fraction of small droplets (less than 25 µm) to 40–60%. Furthermore, the droplet distribution becomes more uniform, with the absence of large droplets exceeding 70 µm in diameter. Increasing the water flow during injection has a positive impact on the number of smaller droplets, particularly those around 25 μm, which is advantageous for contact cooling. The use of the thermopressor method for cooling cyclic air provides maximum protection to blade surfaces against drop-impact erosion, primarily due to the larger number of droplets with diameters below 25 μm. These findings underline the potential of a properly configured thermopressor to improve the efficiency of contact cooling systems in gas turbines, resulting in improved performance and reliability in power generation applications. The hydrodynamic principles explored in this study may have wide applications in marine and stationary power plants based on gas and steam turbines, gas and internal combustion engines.

2

Pionierska elektrownia trójfazowa w kopalni ozokerytu w Borysławiu z 1897 roku

Rataj Piotr, Hickiewicz Jerzy

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

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R. 99, nr 8

274--277

PL

W referacie przybliżono jedną z najstarszych elektrowni prądu przemiennego trójfazowego w Galicji, zlokalizowaną w kopalni ozokerytu w Borysławiu, która rozpoczęła pracę w 1897 r. Została ona zbudowana przez węgierską firmę Ganz. Służyła nie tylko do oświetlenia, ale także do napędzania pomp, wentylatorów i maszyn wyciągowych w szybach. Szczególnie warto podkreślić, iż utworzono tam system wytwarzania, przesyłu i rozdziału energii elektrycznej, umożliwiający elektryczny, indywidualny napęd poszczególnych maszyn roboczych. Opisano wyposażenie techniczne elektrowni, a także ekonomiczną stronę tej wyjątkowej inwestycji.

EN

The paper takes a closer look at one of the oldest power plants of three-phase alternating current in Galicia, at the Boryslaw oil and ozokerite mine, which began operation in 1897. It was built by the Hungarian company Ganz. It was used not only for lighting, but also to drive pumps, fans and hoisting machinery in shafts. It is particularly noteworthy that an electric power transmission system was set up there, allowing electric individual drive of individual working machines. The technical equipment of the power plant is described, as well as the economic side of this unique investment.

3

Autonomous hybrid power plants based on renewable and traditional sources of electricity

Sadykov Maksat, Almanbetov Aibek, Ryskulov Ilias, Barpybaev Turdumambet, Kurbanbaev Alaibek

Polityka Energetyczna

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2023

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T. 26, z. 4

149--164

EN

The purpose of this study is to consider a passive balancing system for battery storage which in the future will increase their reliability, reduce maintenance costs, reduce wear and tear and increase service life, as well as to study a new method of quasi-opposition search for harmony in order to stabilize the supplied electricity. To this end, various theoretical methods of scientific study (analysis, concretization, comparison, generalization) were applied. The method considered in this article for improving the performance of batteries using a passive balancing system, using the example of a typical structural diagram of an autonomous hybrid power plant presented here, would increase the efficiency of pre-project work on the development of highly efficient design and circuit solutions and increase the battery life. The new method of quasi-opposition searches for harmony for hybrid power plants based on renewable and traditional energy sources, taking into account features of their design and operation, would make it possible to stabilize the load frequency of the consumer at the time of switching the station between power sources. This study can be useful for the circle of people associated with energy, for students studying renewable energy in higher education institutions, as well as their teachers, in order to familiarize themselves with the problems of hybrid stations and find options for their solutions.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest rozważenie pasywnego systemu równoważenia akumulatorów, który w przyszłości zwiększy ich niezawodność, zmniejszy koszty konserwacji, zmniejszy zużycie i wydłuży żywotność, a także zbadanie nowej metody quasi-opozycyjnego poszukiwania harmonii w celu stabilizacji dostarczanej energii elektrycznej. W tym celu zastosowano różne teoretyczne metody badań naukowych (analiza, konkretyzacja, porównanie, uogólnienie). Rozważana w tym artykule metoda poprawy wydajności akumulatorów przy użyciu pasywnego systemu równoważenia, na przykładzie przedstawionego tutaj typowego schematu strukturalnego autonomicznej elektrowni hybrydowej, zwiększyłaby efektywność prac przedprojektowych nad opracowaniem wysoce wydajnych rozwiązań projektowych i obwodowych oraz wydłużyłaby żywotność baterii. Nowa metoda quasi-opozycyjnego poszukiwania harmonii dla hybrydowych elektrowni opartych na odnawialnych i tradycyjnych źródłach energii, z uwzględnieniem i tradycyjnych źródeł energii, biorąc pod uwagę cechy ich konstrukcji i działania, umożliwiłaby stabilizację częstotliwości obciążenia odbiorcy w momencie przełączania stacji pomiędzy źródłami zasilania. Niniejsze opracowanie może być przydatne dla środowiska osób związanych z energetyką, dla studentów studiujących energetykę odnawialną na uczelniach wyższych, a także dla ich wykładowców i ich nauczycieli, w celu zapoznania się z problemami stacji hybrydowych i znalezienia możliwości ich rozwiązania.

4

Minimization of motion resistance in prosumer wind power plant

Mikuła Jarosław, Mikuła Stanisław, Strzelecki Stanisław

Polish Technical Review

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2023

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No. 1

7--11

EN

By their very nature, prosumer wind farms must be installed in the vicinity of human settlements. These locations have very limited wind energy resources due to limited installation heights, terrain obstacles, tall trees and buildings. All solutions that increase their energy efficiency are of particular importance for this type of power plant. The article describes the selected design solutions of turbine rotors with a vertical axis of rotation that enable the improvement of the efficiency of prosumer power plants. A new design solution for the bearing of the power plant shaft was suggested. High durability, low noise, ease of use and safety of use characterize it. This bearing system ensures the minimization of movement resistance, in particular at start-up, which means that the power station can operate effectively at low wind speeds.

PL

Ze swej natury prosumenckie farmy wiatrowe muszą być instalowane w pobliżu osiedli ludzkich. Lokalizacje te mają bardzo ograniczone zasoby energii wiatrowej ze względu na ograniczone wysokości instalacji, przeszkody terenowe, wysokie drzewa i budynki. Szczególne znaczenie dla tego typu elektrowni mają wszelkie rozwiązania zwiększające ich efektywność energetyczną. W artykule opisano wybrane rozwiązania konstrukcyjne wirników turbin z pionową osią obrotu, które umożliwiają poprawę sprawności elektrowni prosumenckich. Zaproponowano nowe rozwiązanie konstrukcyjne łożyska wału elektrowni. Cechuje go wysoka trwałość, niski poziom hałasu, łatwość obsługi i bezpieczeństwo użytkowania. Taki układ łożysk zapewnia minimalizację oporów ruchu, w szczególności przy rozruchu, co sprawia, że elektrownia może efektywnie pracować przy niskich prędkościach wiatru.

5

Investigation of the efficiency of a dual-fuel gas turbine combustion chamber with a plasma‒chemical element

Serbin Serhiy, Diasamidze Badri, Dzida Marek, Chen Daifen

Polish Maritime Research

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2023

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nr 2

68--75

EN

The study is devoted to the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the working process in dual-fuel combustion chambers of gas turbine engines for FPSO vessels. For the first time, it is proposed to use the advantages of plasma‒chemical intensification of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in the dual-fuel combustion chambers, which can simultaneously operate on gaseous and liquid fuels. A design scheme of a combustion chamber with a plasma‒chemical element is proposed. A continuous type mathematical model of a combustion chamber with a plasma‒chemical element has been developed, which is based on the solution of a system of differential equations describing the processes of chemical reactions in a turbulent system, taking into consideration the initiating effect of the products of plasma‒chemical reactions on the processes of flame propagation. A modified six-stage kinetic scheme of hydrocarbon oxidation was used to simultaneously predict the combustion characteristics of the gaseous and liquid fuels, taking into account the decrease in the activation energy of carbon monoxide oxidation reactions when the products of the plasma‒chemical element are added. The results reveal that the addition of plasma‒chemical products significantly reduces CO emissions in the outlet section of the flame tube (from 25‒28 ppm to 3.9‒4.6 ppm), while the emission of nitrogen oxides remains practically unchanged for the studied combustion chamber. Further research directions are proposed to enhance the working process efficiency of a dual-fuel combustion chamber for gas turbine engines as part of the power plant of FSPO vessels.

6

Perspektywy wydobycia wapieni w ZG KWB „Bełchatów” dla przemysłowego wykorzystania w IOS Elektrowni Bełchatów

Sośniak Edward, Kałużny Damian

Nowa Energia

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2023

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nr 3

31--35

PL

Eksploatacji węgla brunatnego w Zakładzie Górniczym KWB „Bełchatów” towarzyszy występowanie kopalin towarzyszących. Na obszarze objętym eksploatacją węgla brunatnego, występują kopaliny towarzyszące takie jak: piaski, iły, kreda jeziorna, głazy narzutowe, bruki, pospółki krzemienne oraz wapienie i margle. W 2012 r. powstał pomysł wykorzystania części wapieni z Oddziału KWB Bełchatów do Instalacji Odsiarczania Spalin (IOS) w Elektrowni Bełchatów. W ramach prowadzonych od 2012 r. prac, zostało wykonanych szereg prac rozpoznawczych, projektowych, laboratoryjnych oraz przygotowawczych do eksploatacji. Analizie poddano możliwe rejony pozyskania wapienia w Zakładzie Górniczym KWB „Bełchatów” (Pole Bełchatów oraz Pole Szczerców - rejon 1 i rejon 2).

7

Czy możliwa jest budowa elektrowni szczytowo-pompowej na terenach po wydobyciu węgla brunatnego? Analiza zagrożeń, ograniczeń i korzyści

Naworyta Wojciech, Sikora Mateusz

Nowa Energia

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2023

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nr 3

38--43

PL

Idea elektrowni szczytowo-pompowej (ESP) jest stara, ma co najmniej kilkadziesiąt lat. Jednak obecne zupełnie nowe okoliczności związane z czasową nadprodukcją energii z OZE, sprawiają, że budowa tych kosztownych instalacji hydrotechnicznych coraz częściej staje się przedmiotem publicznej dyskusji.

8

Zespół elektrowni Państwowej Wytwórni Prochu i Materiałów Kruszących w Zagożdżonie-Pionkach

Tucholski Zbigniew, Kozak Bartosz

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2023

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T. 68, nr 3

111--153

EN

The article describes the former power plant complex at the State Powder and Crushing Materials Factory in Zagożdżon (now Pionki), dating back to the mid-1920s. It begins with an introduction outlining the company’s history, followed by a presentation of the history of the power plant and accompanying facilities, with a focus on the evolution of technical equipment and related architectural layers. Subsequently, an analysis of the architectural form of the complex is conducted, aiming to determine the historical value of the objects. Finally, the article describes the complex’s current state of preservation, its evaluation, and conservation recommendations.

9

Characteristics of Silica Powder Extracted from Fly Ash of Coal Fired Power Plant – Effect of Heat Treatment Process

Nurmalita Nurmalita, Abdulmadjid Syahrun Nur, Setiawan Adi, Idroes Rinaldi, Jalil Zulkarnain

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 9

282--292

EN

Fly ash waste is a by-product of coal burning at PLTU Nagan Raya, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Since 2017, the coal used is a mixture of 90% Kalimantan coal (sub-bituminous) and 10% local Nagan Raya coal (lignite) which is still young so that the mineral ash content is still high. Silica is among the interesting minerals to be extracted from fly ash, given its wide range of benefits. This paper describes the process of extracting silica from fly ash at the Aceh power plant through the leaching method using a chemical solution and heating for 2 and 4 hours at a temperature of 100˚C. The difference in heat treatment aimed to study the changes in properties and obtain the best method in the silica extraction process. The effect of heat treatment on silica characteristics was studied based on X Ray Diffraction (XRD) test for phase identification, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test for morphological identification, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) test for mineralogy element identification, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) test for identification of functional groups and surface chemistry, and differential calorimetric analysis/ thermogravimetric (DSC/TGA) test for identification of thermal properties. As a result, it was found that fly ash still contains unburned carbon, which significantly affects its color, and has the potential for application as a hydrogen storage material because its pore diameter structure is larger than 0.7 nm. The silica extracted from fly ash is capable of achieving a purity of up to 87% and exhibits excellent thermal stability, especially at temperatures between 120–300 °C; thus, it has the potential to be a catalyst material in the adsorption-desorption reaction of hydrogen by magnesium, although further research is still needed.

10

Evaluation of wet cooling tower replacement by Heller cooling tower in a power plant

Malekmohamadi Mohamad Hasa, Ahmadikia Hossein, Golmohamadi Siavas, Khodadadi Hamed

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

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2023

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LXX, nr 1

129--149

EN

Water resources are the main component of natural systems affected by climate change in the Middle East. Due to a lack of water, steam power plants that use wet cooling towers have inevitably reduced their output power. This article investigates the replacement of wet cooling towers in Isfahan Thermal Power Plant (ITPP) with Heller natural dry draft cooling towers. The thermodynamic cycle of ITPP is simulated and the effect of condenser temperature on efficiency and output power of ITPP is evaluated. For various reasons, the possibility of installing the Heller tower without increasing in condenser temperature and without changing the existing components of the power plant was rejected. The results show an increase in the condenser temperature by removing the last row blades of the low-pressure turbine. However, by replacing the cooling tower without removing the blades of the last row of the turbine, the output power and efficiency of the power plant have decreased about 12.4 MW and 1.68 percent, respectively.

11

Efficiency of preparation for solid fuel burning

Kravets Taras, Semerak Mykhailo, Galyanchuk Igor, Yurasova Oksana

Mining Science

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2022

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Vol. 29

205--220

EN

The research presented in this study focuses on solid fuel and the process of preparing it for combustion. This topic is highly relevant as it plays a significant role in providing energy to the population and contributes to Ukraine's independence in the economic and energy sectors. Understanding the processes involved in solid fuel preparation is crucial for ensuring efficient energy production and minimizing negative environmental impacts. Therefore, this study aims to provide valuable insights into this area of research. The purpose of the work is to analyze the efficiency of preparation for burning solid fuel and to introduce effective tools that will allow to increase the efficiency of preparation to a new level. The article employed various methods to analyze the topic at hand, including the analytical method, deduction method, functional method, statistical method, synthesis method, and other relevant approaches. In the course of the research, the peculiarities of solid fuel and its differences with other sources from which energy is obtained were noted, errors in the preparation for the burning process of this object and the reasons for their appearance were analyzed. Ineffective methods of increasing the efficiency of preparation for burning solid fuel and their impact on the quality of this process were identified. It was determined that the process of burning solid fuel plays the most important role in increasing the efficiency of power plants of industrial enterprises and not only that.

12

Assessment of contamination with heavy metals in the environment. Water, sediment and soil around Kosovo power plants

Demaku Skender, Kastrati Gani, Halili Jeton

Environment Protection Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 48, nr 2

15--27

EN

In Kosovo, the current production of electricity depends mainly on its generation, which is based on the burning of lignite in the power plants (Kosovo power plants A and B). Significant changes were found in the concentrations of heavy metals in various sediment, soil, and water sample locations. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand, and main ions (SO42-, PO43-, Cl-, NO3-, and NH4+) were monitored to obtain accurate and representative data. The study indicates that there is mild contamination from these elements in the river, however, to reach a clear conclusion, additional research should be done in the study area. The sampling took place over three months in 2018 (April, July and October). The data analysis revealed that the concentration of heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Fe, Ni, Cd, Mn, Al, Cu, and Cr in several examined samples exceeds the maximum permissible limits. Substantial levels of metal pollution in the samples collected in three distinct locations were found.

13

Różne oblicza biomasy

Sikorski Wojciech

Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego

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2022

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nr 3

PL

Biomasa od wielu lat stosowana jest jako paliwo w zakładach energetycznych. Co więcej, jest to prawdopodobnie pierwsze źródło energii, które zostało wykorzystane przez człowieka. Choć wspiera ona ludzkość od dawna, należy zastanowić się, czy jej konwersja na inne formy energii ma podstawy nie tylko ideologiczne. Spalanie biomasy oraz jej współspalanie praktykowane jest w wielu elektrowniach i elektrociepłowniach na całym świecie. Procesy te rozpatrywane są najczęściej w kontekście neutralnego (zerowego) bilansu węglowego. Mało kto zwraca jednak uwagę na problemy pojawiające się podczas spalania lub sprowadzania biomasy na teren naszego kraju.

14

Developing and ranking the strategies of Zarand power plant using quantitative strategic planning matrix and best-worst method

Zangiabadi Leila, Moosavirad Seyed Hamed, Farahbakhsh Bahare, Mirhosseini Mitra

Acta Innovations

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2022

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no. 44

64--76

EN

Developing the power plants in any country is considered an economic development strategy as it changes the country’s market despite the competitive pressures. However, to grow the electricity market, policymakers need to evaluate the domestic Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) of electric power plants. So, the necessity of a strategic plan for the power plants is inevitable to reach the goals such as eliminating the shortcomings, and meeting the desired criteria of an organization, such as more market share, acceptable profitability, customer satisfaction, increasing profit growth rate, and productivity through economic and cost-effective operations. Therefore, in this paper, the Zarand power plant in Iran is chosen as a case study to develop the associated strategies and rank them. A power plant strategic plan was generated by using a SWOT matrix. Then, the developed strategies were prioritized using a quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) and the best-worst method (BWM). The results confirm that developing the main product (electricity power), managing water consumption, and providing equipment are the most critical strategies for the Zarand power plant. Findings also demonstrated that the results of the BWM method are more accurate and correct than the QSPM method for prioritizing strategies.

15

Experimental results and minimizing NOX emissions’ analysis from the fluidized bed boiler of type OE700

Ziaja Jolanta, Lichota Janusz

Rynek Energii

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2021

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Nr 6

76--89

EN

The article shows a solution to the problem of reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions to a concentration of 150 mg/m3, on an example of 261 MWe fluidized bed boiler. It is a lignite-fired boiler. To reduce emissions a selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) method was used. Among the others optimization of urea injection nozzles’ position through a series of on-site experiments after previous 3D simulations were carried out. The result of the experiments was to reduce the number of injection nozzles, determine their optimal position and determine urea streams and injection angles. Major and interesting findings and actual contribution of this manuscript to the field is: dependence of nitrogen oxide NOx emissions on about 100 different variables determined by the correlation with nitrogen oxide emissions’ analysis. Individual variables such as temperature, O2 in exhaust gases, air-to-coal ratio, mass flow and pressure of urea are not sufficient to describe mathematically the NOx capture process. Technical novelty of the SNCR system consists of the urea stream control systems, which can maintain either a constant urea concentration or a constant urea pressure. The NOx reduction systems used so far do not use pressure control. It is experimentally shown that reaction between NOx and reagent can be achieved at lower temperature equal to 700°C in some parts of boiler, which is lower temperature than reported in the literature.

16

Estimating gaseous pollutants in the air near Daura Refinery, Daura Power Plant and South of Baghdad Power Plant by calculating the fuel discharge

Roomi Thaer O., Abed Adel S.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2021

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Vol. 30, No. 1

195--207

EN

This study addresses estimation of emission rates and concentrations of SO2, CO and NO2 gases emitted from Daura Refinery (DR), Daura Power Plant (DPP) and South of Baghdad Power Plant (SBPP) by calculating the fuel discharge. The estimations were made by using the Gaussian plume model of dispersion at distances within 10 km from the pollution source for January, April, July and October 2017 under two stability conditions, slightly stable and moderately unstable. The effect of wind speed and direction as well as the ambient temperature of the surrounding air on the dispersion and transmission of air pollutants were also investigated. It was found that the unstable conditions are better for dispersing out atmospheric pollutants. The results showed that Zafarania District was the most affected by pollutants emitted from DR and BSPP while Daura District was more affected by DPP due to the prevailing wind direction. It was also found that an increase in wind speed leads to a decrease in the concentration of pollutants. The concentration of pollutants is inversely proportional to the height of the chimney, the speed of the gas leaving the chimney, while it is directly proportional to the diameter of the chimney. DPP has higher emission rates than DR and SBPP while at the surface level, the pollutants concentrations emitted from DR are greater than those emitted from DPP and SBPP.

17

Sustainable development of generation sources in the National Electric Power System

Zaporowski Bolesław

Polityka Energetyczna

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2021

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T. 24, z. 3

79--92

EN

This article presents an analysis of the sustainable development of generation sources in the Polish National Electric Power System (NEPS). First, the criteria for this development were formulated. The paper also discusses the current status of generation sources, operating in power plants and combined heat and power (CHP) plants of NEPS. Furthermore, it includes a prediction of power balance in NEPS, determining; predicted electricity gross use, predicted demand for peak capacity during the winter peak, predicted demand for peak capacity during the summer peak and required new capacity of centrally dispatched generation units (CDGUs) in 2025, 2030, 2035 and 2040 that would ensure NEPS operational security. Twenty prospective technologies of electricity generation and combined electricity and heat production were analyzed. These were divided into three groups: system power plants, high- and medium-capacity combined heat and power (CHP) plants, as well as small-capacity power plants and CHP plants (dispersed sources). The unit costs of electricity generation discounted for 2021 were calculated for the analyzed technologies, taking the costs of CO2 emission allowances into account. These costs include: capital costs, fuel costs, maintenance costs, operation costs and environmental costs (CO2 emission allowances). This proceeds to a proposal of a program of the sustainable development of generation sources in NEPS, which includes the desired capacity structure of power plants and CHP plants, and the optimal structure of electricity production in 2030 and 2040. The results of calculations and analyses are presented in tables and figure.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę zrównoważonego rozwoju źródeł wytwórczych w Krajowym Systemie Elektroenergetycznym (KSE). Sformułowano kryteria zrównoważonego rozwoju systemu elektroenergetycznego. Przedstawiono aktualny stan źródeł wytwórczych w KSE, pracujących w elektrowniach i elektrociepłowniach. Opracowano prognozę bilansu mocy w KSE, wyznaczając: prognozowaną wartość zużycia elektrycznej brutto, obciążenia KSE w szczycie zimowym i szczycie letnim oraz wymaganej mocy JWCD i mocy źródeł rozproszonych, narastająco na lata 2025, 2030, 2035 i 2040, dla bezpieczeństwa pracy KSE. Zdefiniowano 20 przyszłościowych technologii wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i skojarzonego wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła, podzielonych na trzy następujące grupy: elektrownie systemowe, elektrociepłownie dużej i średniej mocy oraz elektrownie i elektrociepłownie małej mocy (źródła rozproszone). Dla wybranych do analizy technologii wytwórczych wyznaczono jednostkowe, zdyskontowane na 2021 rok, koszty wytwarzania energii elektrycznej, z uwzględnieniem kosztów uprawnień do emisji CO2. W kosztach tych uwzględniono: koszty kapitałowe, koszty paliwa, koszty remontów, koszty obsługi i koszty środowiskowe. Opracowano propozycję programu zrównoważonego rozwoju źródeł wytwórczych w KSE, wyznaczając pożądaną strukturę mocy elektrowni i elektrociepłowni oraz produkcji energii elektrycznej w latach 2030 i 2040.

18

Parametric analysis of the efficiency of the combined gas-steam turbine unit of a hybrid cycle for the FPSO vessel

Serbin Serhiy, Washchilenko Nikolay, Dzida Marek, Kowalski Jerzy

Polish Maritime Research

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2021

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nr 4

122--132

EN

A thermal diagram of the combined gas‒steam turbine unit of a hybrid cycle, which is an energy complex consisting of a base gas turbine engine with a steam turbine heat recovery circuit and a steam-injected gas turbine operating with overexpansion, is proposed. A mathematical model of a power plant has been developed, taking into consideration the features of thermodynamic processes of simple, binary, and steam-injected gas‒steam cycles. Thermodynamic investigations and optimization of the parameters of a combined installation of a hybrid cycle for the generation of electrical energy have been carried out. Three-dimensional calculations of the combustion chamber of a steam-injected gas turbine were carried out, which confirmed the low emissions of the main toxic components.

19

Rational parameters of a hybrid geothermal power plant based on Flash/ORC cycles

Redko Andriy, Kulikova Natalia, Ujma Adam, Redko Oleksandr, Burda Yurii, Pivnenko Yurii, Kompan Artem

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2021

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Vol. 10 Nr 1

127--133

EN

The numerical simulation results of the thermal scheme of a power plant related to steam and organic cycles are presented. The rational parameters of the cycles of the geothermal energy conversion unit have been determined. In addition, various organic working fluids are studied. The rational parameters of the thermodynamic cycles at a geothermal fluid temperature of 250°C have also been defined.

20

Rozwój elektryki na ziemi częstochowsko-piotrkowskiej od XVIII wieku oraz powstanie i działanie „Towarzystwa Elektryfikacyjnego Okręgu Częstochowsko-Piotrkowskiego S.A.” (lata 1935-1946)

Gąsiorski Aleksander Kazimierz

Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

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2020

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Nr 70

47--52

PL

Przedstawiono rozwój elektryki na ziemi Piotrkowsko-Częstochowskiej od XVIII wieku, budowę trójfazowych elektrowni w Piotrkowie (od 1924 roku) oraz elektrowni okręgowej w Częstochowie (od 1926 roku), powstałych za belgijskie pieniądze. Pokazano uzyskane uprawnienia państwowe oraz powstanie i działanie spółek: „Elektrownia w Piotrkowie S.A.”, „Elektrownia w Częstochowie Spółka z o.o.” i „Towarzystwo Elektryczne Okręgu Częstochowskiego S.A.”. Przedstawiono powstanie „Towarzystwa Elektryfikacyjnego Okręgu Częstochowsko-Piotrkowskiego S.A.” o kapitale belgijskim, oraz po uzyskaniu niezbędnych uprawnień wspólne działanie wymienionych spółek łączących swoje obszary elektryfikacyjne w „VIII Okręg Elektryfikacyjny”. Pokazano działanie „VIII Częstochowsko-Piotrkowskiego Okręgu Elektryfikacyjnego” w czasie II wojny światowej, niemiecki zarząd przymusowy, polski zarząd państwowy oraz wejście zakładów do „Zjednoczenia Energetycznego Okręgu Łódzkiego” w Łodzi oraz ich przejście w 1946 roku na własność Państwa Polskiego, kończącą w ten sposób swą niezależną egzystencję.

EN

The paper presents the development of electricity on the Piotrkow-Czestochowa land from the 18th century, the construction of a three-phase power plant in Piotrkow (from 1924) and a district power plant in Czestochowa (from 1926), built with Belgian capital. Based on the obtained state qualifications, "Piotrkow Power Plant Joint Stock Company" - No. 14 and No. 52 and by the "Czestochowa Power Plant Ltd.” and "Czestochowa District Electric Society Joint Stock Company" - No. 6 and No. 8, the construction of the power grid and the electrification of authorized areas are presented. In order to combine these electrified areas into one system, it was not until 1935 that the company “Czestochowa-Piotrkow District Electrification Joint Stock Company” was founded in Czestochowa. with Belgian capital, obtaining governmental rights No. 255, then creating, based on the powers of state power companies from the combined areas, the “VIII Czestochowa-Piotrkow Electrification District”. Using the obtained entitlements, further electrification was started by expanding the high, medium and low voltage networks in the entire authorized area. The company connected a large regional power plant in Czestochowa with a small power plant in Piotrkow using a 35 kV three-phase overhead line in order to obtain their parallel operation. During the summer holidays of 1939, the operation of both power plants was synchronized. This year, Wielun and Lubliniec were also connected to the “VIII Electrification District”. The Second World War interrupted the development of the “VIII Electrification District”. In 1940, the companies were placed under German compulsory administration. In 1945, after the eligible area had been taken over by the Red Army, the “VIII Electrification District” was under Polish state administration, and in the autumn of 1945 it was included in the “Energy Union of the Lodz District“ in Lodz. In 1946, by an order of the Minister of Industry of the “Czestochowa - Piotrkow District Electrification Joint Stock Company" and other power companies of the pre-war “VIII Electrification District” became the property of the Polish State, thus ending their independent existence.