The article is concerned with the issues of the drive of small diameter knitting machines. In connection to the proposal of optimum structure of the driving systems of the machine, there have been analysed the possibilities of precisely controlled servo drives. An optimised structure of the drives allows for the utilisation of precisely defined position and velocity functions. There is applied here the function of a polynomial of 7th degree, proposed for impact-free course of the acceleration, and it is compared with the results corresponding to the existing structure of drives of knitting machines. At the same time, there is analysis and comparison of the consumption of electric power by the original and optimised systems.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań mocy pobieranej przy rozdrabnianiu biomasy roślinnej przeznaczonej do produkcji brykietów. Jako surowców roślinnych użyto słomy zbożowej, słomy kukurydzy pastewnej oraz łodyg rożnika. Zapotrzebowanie mocy podczas rozdrabniania poszczególnych materiałów roślinnych zmieniało się w przedziale 1,95-2,35 kW. Spowodowane to było różnymi właściwościami fizycznymi badanych surowców roślinnych, a zwłaszcza ich wilgotnością, która dla słomy zbożowej wynosiła 11%, dla łodyg rożnika - 26%, a dla słomy kukurydzianej - 54%.
EN
The paper presents test results for power input during shredding of plant biomass intended for briquette production. The following plant materials were used: cereals straw, dent corn straw and Sylphium perfoliatum stems. Power demand during shredding of individual plant materials was ranging from 1.95 to 2.35 kW. This was due to varying physical properties of studied plant materials, and in particular their humidity, which was 11% for corn straw, 26% for Sylphium perfoliatum stems, and 54% for corn straw.
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Development of the optoelectronic system for non-invasive monitoring of diamond/DLC (Diamond-Like-Carbon) thin films growth during ěPA ECR CVD (Microwave Plasma Assisted Electron Cyclotron Resonance Chemical Vapour Deposition) process is described. The system uses multi-point Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) and long-working-distance Raman spectroscopy. Dissociation of H2 molecules, excitation and ionization of hydrogen atoms as well as spatial distribution of the molecules are subjects of the OES investigation. The most significant parameters of the deposited film like molecular composition of the film can be investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy. Results of optoelectronic investigation will enable improvement of CVD process parameters and synthesized DLC films quality.
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The non-linear analytic-numerically computed calculations with use of two different heat source models are adopted for Pulsed Power Welding (PPW). The following heat source models are used in this study: cylindrical-involution-normal (C-I-N) and double-ellipsoidal (D-E). At first the temperature fields generated by C-I-N and D-E heat sources with pulsed power in both stationary and moving co-ordinates systems (Fourier transformation form) are established.
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In order to execute computer calculations with temperature dependent physical parameters: lambda, cp , gamma, a and pulsed heat input q(t), the algebraic expression will be transformed. For this purpose we will use calculations in Mathcad programme [1]. This application is very useful for modelling and simulation of welding thermal process. Finally, the specifications of sub-procedures: Stab_time, last, calculation of roots ri , lambda(T), a(T) and q(t) are presented.
In the paper the results of investigations into liquid mixing in a vessel with two impellers located on the same shaft are presented. During the experiments the influence of a distance between impellers on the structure of flow generated in the vessel and power input was tested. The investigations were carried out for different position of the Rushton and pitched blade turbines.
Przedstawiono wstępne wyniki symulacji komputerowej, opartej o pakiet CFD (ang. Computational Fluid Dynamics), wpływu konfiguracji geometrycznej krystalizatora na rozkład jednostkowej mocy mieszania i ogólną sprawność hydrauliczną. W obliczeniach uwzględniono kształt dna aparatu, średnicę mieszadła, jego lokalizację i obecność rury cyrkulacyjnej.
EN
The preliminary results of the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation, focused on the effect of geometrical configuration of a crystalliser onto the unit power input distribution and general hydraulic efficiency, were shown. In calculations, the effect of the shape of apparatus bottom, diameter of stirrer, its position and presence of the draft tube were taken into consideration. The collected results were compared with experimental data taken from literature.
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