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Kinematic method for determining influence function of internal forces in the steel shell of soil-steel bridge

Machelski C.

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

2010

Vol. 32, nr 3

27-40

The live loads of soil-steel bridges are vehicles, and their influence on the steel shell is exerted through the roadway surface. To obtain the maximum values of internal forces in the element analyzed it is essential to place the vehicles in an appropriate manner over the structure. The influence surface of the internal forces in the shell can be utilized in this task, with the reference to the level of roadway. In the paper, there are presented the methods which enable the influence functions of internal forces to be obtained by means of kinematic constraint concept. It is based on the imposition of the basic deformation which is suitable for the internal force in the considered element of the system. Further, on the basis of the deformations inside the element the boundary forces are calculated. They are substitute load of nodes of this element in the global model of structure, which represents the influence function of internal force. Practical calculations of influence function are carried out by means of FEM, using the substitute load of nodes of the element. Due to this load, there is created the surface of the vertical displacements of a roadway (corresponding to the direction of external loads) which constitutes also the influence function of internal forces. The algorithm proposed can be applied in any geometrical model, provided that the analyzed element in which the force is to be found is the bar. The model does not require any change of discretization when choosing next element or internal force for the analysis. Simple formulas presented allow the boundary forces to be calculated. They can be used to determine the influence functions of internal forces and normal stresses in the soil-steel bridges.

System rurociągów w płaszczu stalowym do przesyłania pary wodnej na przykładzie rozbudowy sieci magistralnych w Białymstoku

Kania J.

Informacja Instal

1999

Nr 3 (181)

8--12, 16

Generalnym wykonawcą rozbudowanej w ostatnich latach magistrali parowej był ABB Zamech Ltd., który zrealizował ten projekt wykorzystując technologię systemu niemieckiej firmy FW FERNWARME-TECHNIK GmbH. W artykule podano ogólny opis tego systemu oraz elementów - rur, kolan, kompensatorów a także zastosowanej izolacji termicznej i antykorozyjnej. Dokonano porównania sieci w technologii rury stalowej w płaszczu stalowym z innymi systemami.