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Modification of surface films on chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel implants used in orthopaedics and traumatology

Marciniak J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2010

Vol. 43, nr 1

108-116

Purpose: the paper is to characterize stainless steel of modyfied sufrace as a material used in orthopaedics and traumatology on the example of LCP (Locking Compression Plate) used in long bones treatment. Design/methodology/approach: In order to reach the goal biomechanical analyses, both numerical and experimental, were carried out. The results of the analyses are the basis for selecting geometrical features of a plate stabiliser and biomaterial mechanical properties. The degree of stress and deformation also determines areas where corrosion can start to develop. Chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel widely applied for making implants used in orthopaedics and traumatology was selected for testing implant surface modification. Passive and passive-carbon films were formed on the implants. The structure of the created films was tested together with their susceptibility to deformation and resistance to corrosion. Findings: It was shown that formation of passive-carbon DLC coatings is an effective method of increasing steel resistance to pitting, crevice and stress corrosion and of increasing its biocompatibility. Practical implications: The proposed surface treatment seems to be effective method that allow to reduce the risk of post-surgical complications. The coatings can be formed by using electrolytic polishing and passivation and a final RF PACVD process. Originality/value: The author also presents results of the coating surface topography examination, results of tests on its chemical and phase structure as well as mechanical and physicochemical properties.

Plasma modification of medical implants by carbon coatings depositions

Grabarczyk J., Kotela I.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2009

Vol. 37, nr 2

277-281

Purpose: The main goal was to work out the technology of deposition of carbon layers onto surface of medical implants made of the AISI316L medical steel. So far the results of carried investigations have proved that layers synthesized in RF PACVD process noticeably improve the biotolerance of the medical steel. Positive experimental results concerning the implementation of carbon layers conducted in the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering of the Technical University of Lodz were the basis for attempt of industrial application of the worked out technology. Design/methodology/approach: Carbon layers were manufactured using radio frequency plasma RF PACVD method. The technology was worked out for the surfaces of the intramedullary nails. The investigations were carried out in order to compare obtained synthesis results with the layers deposited under the laboratory conditions. In this work the following are presented: the surface topography investigation, results of nanohardness and adhesion measurements as well as the raman spectra. Medical examination results were presented in our earlier publications. In the description of obtained investigation results are also presented the preliminary results of the medical treatment effects with the use of intramedullary nails covered with the carbon layer. Findings: Carbon layers manufactured onto intramedullary nails presented good mechanical properties. Applied synthesis parameters made it possible to manufacture uniform film onto whole implant surface. Thickness of the layer was varied in the range of 200 – 400 nm, however total modification area contained 3.5 micrometers. Nails covered with the carbon layer positively passed the tests and were admitted into medical trade turnover. Positive medical treatment results were observed especially in case of patients with affirmed allergies onto alloying components contained in medical steels like chromium and nickel. Research limitations/implications: Significant matter for the examinations had the introduction of the additional control parameters of the plasmo-chemical layers synthesis process. From the point of view of the industrial implementation of technology the fact of limited process efficiency can be. Originality/value: The fundamental value of conducted investigations is the industrial application of the technology of deposition of carbon layers onto intramedullary nails. Currently those products are available in the business offer of MEDGAL Company.