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Water Needs of the Ash-Leaved Maple (Acer negundo L.) at the Period over Three Years after Reclamation in Different Regions of Poland

Rolbiecki Stanisław, Rolbiecki Roman, Jagosz Barbara, Kasperska-Wołowicz Wiesława, Ptach Wiesław, Stachowski Piotr, Figas Anna, Grybauskiene Vilda, Klimek Andrzej, Podsiadło Cezary

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2019

Vol. 20, nr 4

69--75

The ash-leaved maple (Acer negundo L.) has low habitat requirements, which is why this species is often used in the reclamation of industrial areas. The development of the reclamation plantings depends on the optimal water soil conditions that can be controlled by watering treatments. However, the use of irrigation requires determining the water needs of the cultivated species. The objective of the study was to evaluate the water needs of the ash-leaved maple in the reclamation plantings, in the period of over three years after planting. The water needs of the ash-leaved maple were determined using the crop coefficients method. Potential evapotranspiration was calculated using the Blaney-Criddle’s formula that was modified for the Polish conditions by Żakowicz. The water needs of the ash-leaved maple were assessed for five agro-climatic regions of Poland, in the years 1981-2010. The water needs of the ash-leaved maple in the growing period (April-October) were the highest in the C-E (638 mm) and C-N-W (637 mm) regions, and the lowest in the N-E (598 mm) and S-E (601 mm) regions. In July, the highest water needs were noted in the C-N-W region (149 mm) and the lowest in the S-W region (129 mm). In the studied thirty-years period, there was a significant upward trend in the water needs of the ash-leaved maple both during the growing season (except for the C-N-W region) and in July, in all the considered regions.

Agro-climatic zoning in Egypt to improve irrigation water management

Noreldin T., Ouda S., Amer A.

Journal of Water and Land Development

2016

no. 31

113--117

The objective of this paper was to develop agro-climatic zones in the old cultivated lands of Egypt in the Nile Delta and Valley using climate normals from 1985–2014 to facilitate better irrigation water management under water scarcity conditions. 30-yearmonthly climate data were collected for 17 agricultural governorates in Egypt and yearly averages and 30-year averages were calculated. BISm model was used to calculate yearly averages of potential evapotranspiration (PET) and 30-year average for each governorate. Analysis of variance was done using one factor randomize complete block design, with number of years as replicates. Furthermore, the mean, the range and R2 were calculated to test the strength of the relationship between PET and climate elements. The means of PET for each governorate was separated and ranked in ascending order using least significant difference test (LSD0.05). The results identified 7 agro-climatic zones (LSD0.05 = 0.146). These zones were: (1) Alexandria; (2) Demiatte, Kafr El-Sheikh and Dakhlia; (3) El-Behira, and El-Gharbia; (4) El-Minofia, El-Sharkia, El-Kalubia, Giza and El-Fayom; (5) Beni Sweif, El-Minia, Assuit and Sohag; (6) Qena; and (7) Aswan. Such zoning will increase the ability of the Egyptian policy makers to prepare the appropriate water management and development policies as a result of the availability of proper information on each zone aiming at efficient use of the limited water resources.

W pracy wyodrębniono strefy agroklimatyczne na uprawianych od dawna ziemiach doliny i delty Nilu w Egipcie na podstawie danych klimatycznych z lat 1985–2011 w celu usprawnienia zarządzania nawodnieniami w warunkach deficytu wody. Zebrano miesięczne dane klimatyczne z 30 lat z 17 gubernatorstw o charakterze rolniczym w Egipcie i obliczono wartości średnie roczne analizowanych parametrów oraz średnie z 30 lat. Użyto modelu BISm do obliczenia średnich rocznych wartości ewapotranspiracji potencjalnej (ETP) i średniej wartości ETP z 30 lat dla każdego gubernatorstwa. Przeprowadzono jednoczynnikową analizę wariancji losowych bloków z liczbą lat jako powtórzeniem. Ponadto obliczono średnią, zakres i współczynnik determinacji R2 dla ustalenia siły zależności pomiędzy ETP i czynnikami klimatycznymi. Średnie wartości ETP obliczono dla każdego gubernatorstwa i uporządkowano rosnąco, stosując test najmniejszej istotnej różnicy (LSD0,05). Wyodrębnione strefy to: 1) Aleksandria, 2) Demiatte, Kafr El-Sheikh i Dakhlia, 3) El-Behira i El-Gharbia, 4) El-Minofia, El-Sharkia, El-Kalubia, Giza i El-Fayom, 5) Beni Sweif, El-Minia, Assuit i Sohag, 6) Qena i 7) Assuan. Podział na te strefy przyczyni się do zwiększenia zdolności czynników decyzyjnych w Egipcie do prowadzenia odpowiedniej gospodarki wodnej i polityki rozwoju dzięki dostępności do właściwej informacji o każdej strefie w celu efektywnego użytkowania ograniczonych zasobów wodnych.

Intra-versus inter-population variation of cone and seed morphological traits of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. in northern China : impact of climate-related conditions

Ji M., Zhang Q., Deng J., Zhang X., Wang Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2011

Vol. 59, nr 4

717-727

Morphological traits of conifer species are known to vary adaptively with the geographic and climatic variables, but little is known about intra- and inter-population variation and impact of associated climate factors on the morphological variation. Chinese hard pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr) is a major and widespread component of coniferous forests in the temperate and semi-humid zone in northern China. Here we investigated 12 life history traits involving cone length (CL), width (CW) and dry weight (CDW), cone length to width ratio (CLW), seed length (SL), width (CW) and total weight (STW), seed length to width ratio (SLW), seed wing length (SWL), width (SWW) and total weight (SWTW), seed wing length to width ration (SWLW) at 12 sites between longitudes (102[degrees]E to 122[degrees]E) and latitudes (32[degrees]N to 43[degrees]N) covering an altitude range of 125.2581 m. Our results showed that each morphological character presented a large variation both within and among populations. Moreover, we found that proportion of phenotypic variation (i.e. V[st], %) of the all cone traits except for the cone width was over 50% among populations, indicating that the variation of these traits was mainly controlled by the environmental variables. Although the mean proportion of phenotypic variation of all measured traits was only about 28% among populations of this species, it was much higher than those of other conifers, which further suggested that this species held the higher adaptive phenotypic variation or stress-tolerance ability under varying environmental conditions. Furthermore, the phenotypic variation presented a general pattern that almost all measured traits were negatively correlated with the potential evapotranspiration which reflected the synthetic effects of multiple factors such as the temperature and rainfall, rather than a single environmental or climatic factor. In conclusion, according to the relationship between phenotypic variation and climate factors, it will undoubtedly provide important information for the reforestation and genetic conservation for this species in the changing climate.