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1 Journal of Ecological Engineering

1 2025

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Rice growth and chlorpyrifos residue on an Alfisol as affected by endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria isolated using Aleksandrov medium

Cahyani Vita Ratri, Islami Raihanah Inas, Hadiwiyono Hadiwiyono, Sudadi Sudadi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2025

Vol. 26, nr 3

309--324

The intensive use of insecticides and chemical fertilizers in rice cultivation is a common practice which leads to environmental and health concerns. This study isolated endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria from organic and conventional paddy fields using Aleksandrov medium, to find bacteria which basically having functional capabilities as potassium solubilizers and screening them for further capability as plant growth promoters and insecticide biodegradation agents for supporting rice growth on an Alfisol treated with multivariant insecticides. Consecutive assessments were conducted after isolation, involved (1) in vitro assessment of the functional capabilities and the resistance to insecticide, (2) in vivo assessment for the effect of the selected to the growth of rice seedling on agarose medium treated with multivariant insecticides (chlorpyrifos, chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, and carbofuran), and (3) greenhouse pot experiment to confirm the effect of selected isolates to rice growth on an Alfisol treated with multivariant insecticides. Nine out of 11 isolates with distinct colony morphotypes, demonstrated the capability as plant growth promoters which also resistant to insecticide at the in vitro assessment. It was found that the three isolates of AElC-1, AElO-1, and ARsC-3 showed the consistent higher performance during consecutive assessments. The highest level of chlorpyrifos residue in soil and in plant tissue was indicated in the control (+) treatment, while in the NPK treatment which showed the highest plant biomass, indicated the lowest chlorpyrifos residue in plant tissue, but the second high level of chlorpyrifos residue in soil after the control (+). The treatment of 3 superior isolates demonstrated the range of chlorpyrifos residue in plant tissue was 0.098–0.101 mg/kg or higher than that in the NPK treatment but lower than that in the control (+), while in soil the residue at the range 0.132–0.135 mg/kg which was lower than that in the NPK treatment and in the control (+). The 3 superior isolates demonstrated superior capabilities in suppressing chlorpyrifos which potential to be used as soil and plant protecting agents especially in agricultural environments. Molecular identification by 16S rDNA sequencing revealed AElO-1 as Microbacterium sp., AElC-1 as Caulobacter sp., and ARsC-3 as Sphingomonas trueperi.