Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Effect of wearing high-heeled shoes on postural control and foot loading symmetry

Blazkiewicz Michalina, Hadamus Anna

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2023

|

Vol. 25, no. 4

EN

High-heeled shoes (HHS) play a particular role in the history of footwear [9]. The ancient Egyptians and Greeks wore shoes with raised heels for ceremonial and practical purposes. HHS gained popularity in Europe during the 15th century. Persian-inspired riding shoes with heels became fashionable among European aristocrats, both men and women. These shoes were a symbol of elite status. HHS fell out of favor for men in the latter half of the 18th century as fashion moved towards more practical and comfortable footwear [24]. However, heels remained popular among women, are still seen as a symbol of femininity and elegance, and have become an essential part of fashion [25].

2

An Ergonomic Design Process of the Functional Clothing for Yoga Sports

Zhao Mengmeng, Wang Zhaoli

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

|

2022

|

Vol. 30, no. 6

55--66

EN

Reports attribute many physical, psychological and mental benefits to yoga sports. However, when it comes to actual research, yoga clothing has not attracted the same level of attention. The aim of this study, which involved a questionnaire survey, clothing development and clothing performance evaluation, is to propose an ergonomic design process for the design of yoga functional clothing. Results showed that textile material was rated as the most important factor for yoga clothing. The shoulder and the waist-belly regions were considered as the most important areas for yoga clothing. The newly designed clothing prototype was observed to subject significantly lower pressure to the waist under the forward bending pose (p<0.05), but with significantly higher pressure on the buttocks at the posture of the deep knee bending pose (p<0.05). It also resulted in a lower change rate of clothing vertical displacement, especially at the shoulder and waist regions. The newly designed prototype was rated with a significantly lower tightening sensation and pulling sensation during the deep knee bending posture (p<0.05). Results indicate that proper design of yoga clothing structure and selection of fabric material could reduce clothing deformation, pressure on the skin and improve subjective wearing sensations.

3

Investigation of sitting position of paralympic wheelchair basketball players

Akinoğlu Bihter, Paköz Büşra, Kocahan Tuğba

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2021

|

Vol. 23, no. 4

43--51

EN

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the sitting position (posture) of wheelchair basketball (WB) players who cannot walk and can walk in daily life and to compare them with the able-bodied sedentary individuals. Methods: A total of 22 male individuals, including six WB players who could not walk in daily life, eight WB players who walked in daily life, and eight able-bodied sedentary individuals (control group) were included in the study. Posture analysis of individuals was evaluated using rastersterographic system DIERS formetric 4D device. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the data obtained during posture analysis. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to determine which group caused the difference in the data determined to be different. Statistical significance level was taken as P < 0.05. Results: Trunk-length, sacrum-width, sagittal and coronal imbalance, trunk-torsion, pelvic-obliqueness, pelvic-torsion, pelvic-inclination and fleche-cervicale were found to be values similar in the three groups (P > 0.05). It was determined that the lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis angles were different between the groups, and the lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis angles of the WB players who could not walk in daily life were higher than those of the WB players who walked in daily life and the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results of our study, we suggest evaluating the sitting postures of WB players and rehabilitating WB players, especially those who cannot walk in daily life, with posture corrective exercises aimed at reducing and normalizing thoracic kyphosis.

4

Biomechanics of the human spine

Jaworski Ł., Karpiński R.

Journal of Technology and Exploitation in Mechanical Engineering

|

2017

|

Vol. 3, nr 1

8--12

EN

The paper presents biomechanics of the human spine. The vertebrae of the spine are described, including basic differentiation between vertebrae depending on theirs placement in the spine. The intervertebral discs are depicted. Curvatures of the spine are presented, followed by the basic biomechanics, including a movability of the spine and an influence of body posture on the spine.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia zarys biomechaniki kręgosłupa człowieka. Opisano kręgi, uwzględniając różnice w budowie między kręgami na różnych odcinkach kręgosłupa oraz krążki międzykręgowe. Przybliżono strukturę krzywizn oraz podstawy biomechaniki kręgosłupa, uwzględniając jego zakresy ruchów i wpływ postawy ciała na kręgosłup.

5

The effects of an early intrahospital rehabilitation on weight bearing during lower extremity lengthening with Ilizarov`s Method

Morasiewicz P., Konieczny G., Kuciel N.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2017

|

Vol. 19, no. 2

59--64

EN

Purpose : Exerting axial pressure on the affected lower limb remains one of the most crucial elements of Ilizarov method . Objective was to determine the effects of an early intrahospital rehabilitation on weight bearing during lower extremity lengthening with Ilizarov`s Method. Methods: Study included 15 patients who underwent lower limb lengthening. The patients were tested on the third day after surgery using the pedobarographic platform. The tests were performed four times in the standing position:twice with the support of forearm crutches and twice without crutches. Patients were asked to either remain in the relaxed standing position(two tests) or use the lower limb equipped with Ilizarov apparatus to support the body weight(two tests). Results: In relaxed stance average pressure with forearm crutches was 24.1% for affected limb, as compared to 75.9% for the healthy limb. In test without forearm crutches average pressure for affected limb was 26.1%, as compared to 73.9% for the healthy limb. Patients shifted body weight to the affected limb with forearm crutches on average, at the rate of 53.6% . In test without forearm crutches the affected limb was supporting the body weight at the rate of 48.26%. None of the patients was able to fully support the body weight on the affected leg. Conclusions: In spite of strict physiotherapy regimen,patients are, neither able to equally distribute their body weight between the two lower limbs ,nor to shift their body weight to the limb equipped with Ilizarov apparatus.

6

Correlations between somatic features, anteroposterior spinal curvatures and trunk muscle strength in schoolchildren

Barczyk-Pawelec K., Dziubek W., Piechura J. R., Rożek K.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2017

|

Vol. 19, no. 1

133--139

EN

Background: Evaluation of body posture and strength of spinal muscles in children during their progressive ontogenesis is significant for the evaluation of their physical health condition and physical fitness. It is also a reference point in a process of control and medical care. Purpose: The aim if this study was to evaluate correlation between the selected features of somatic body structure, shape of anteroposterior spinal curves and force-velocity (FV) parameters of trunk muscles in school children. Participants and methods: The sample involved 104 children aged 10–11 years, 60 females (10.74 ± 0.7) and 44 males (10.50 ± 0.9). Body posture was assessed using the Moiré photogrammetry while trunk muscles (flexors and extensors) strength was measured isokinetically. Results: The results of the research revealed the existence of many average and strong correlations observed between the analysed somatic characteristics and forcevelocity (FV) parameters of trunk muscles. Correlation between the volume of the spinal curvatures in the sagittal plane and forcevelocity parameters of trunk extensors and flexors were average or weak for both groups of children. Conclusion: Somatic features indicated stronger correlation with trunk muscles' strength than with the size of the anteroposterior spinal curves.

7

Postural assessment in pen-and-paper-based observational methods and their associated health effects: a review

Sukadarin E. H., Deros B. M., Ghani J. A., Nawi N. S. M., Ismail A. R.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2016

|

Vol. 22, No. 3

389--398

EN

Introduction. This review describes standardized ergonomics assessment based on pen-and-paper observational methods for assessing ergonomics risk factors. Objective. The three main objectives are to analyze published pen-and-paper observational methods, to extract and understand the risk levels of each method and to identify their associated health effects. Methodology. The authors searched scientific databases and the Internet for materials from 1970 to 2013 using the following keywords: ergo, posture, method, observational, postural angle, health effects, pain and diseases. Postural assessments of upper arms, lower arms, wrists, neck, back and legs in six pen-and-paper-based observational methods are highlighted, extracted in groups and linked with associated adverse health effects. Results. The literature reviewed showed strengths and limitations of published pen-and-paper-based observational methods in determining the work activities, risk levels and related postural angles to adverse health effects. This provided a better understanding of unsafe work postures and how to improve these postures. Conclusion. Many pen-and-paper-based observational methods have been developed. However, there are still many limitations of these methods. There is, therefore, a need to develop a new pen-and-paper-based observational method for assessing postural problems.

8

Analytical characterization of movements of the spinal column and risk assessment due to repeated movements of the upper limbs of building painters

Antonucci A., Forcella L., Bonfiglioli R., Boscolo P., Violante S. V.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2016

|

Vol. 22, No. 3

340--349

EN

Manual activities of construction workers may induce musculoskeletal disorders. This study on a group of painters aimed to analytically characterize movements of the spinal column by both lumbar motion monitor and television cameras and to determine, using the Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA) Index method, the risk exerted by repeated movements of the upper limbs. The main results are: painting with a roller generally exposes workers to a lesser risk for upper limbs than painting with a brush; a roller-stick fixed at the wrong length can lead to stretching of the back at lumbar and cervical levels; to remain within the range of ‘acceptable risk’ (OCRA Index evaluation), a worker should not paint a vertical wall for over 3 h if using a roller and 2.5 h if painting with a brush; and, on average, a painter who paints for 5 h in a day lifts the bucket about 120,140 times.

9

An experimental study to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders and postural stress of female craftworkers adopting different sitting postures

Maity P., De S., Pal A., Dhara P. C.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2016

|

Vol. 22, No. 2

257--266

EN

This study aimed to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and postural stress among female craftworkers. The study was carried out on 75 adult female craftworkers in different districts of West Bengal. The prevalence of MSDs, body part discomfort (BPD) rating and body joint angles of the workers were evaluated with standard methods. Electromyography (EMG) of the shoulder and back muscles was recorded with the BIOPAC system. The prevalence of MSDs, BPD rating and deviation of joint angle were comparatively lower in the case of sitting on the floor with folded legs than squatting and sitting on the floor with stretched legs postures. The EMG and rms values of the shoulder and back muscles were comparatively lower in this posture. Therefore, it was concluded that sitting on the floor with folded legs was less hazardous and it imposed less postural stress in comparison to other sitting postures.

10

A dental stool with chest support reduces lower back muscle activation

Tran V., Turner R., MacFadden A., Cornish S. M., Esliger D., Komiyama K., Chilibeck P. D.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2016

|

Vol. 22, No. 3

301--304

EN

Activation of back musculature during work tasks leads to fatigue and potential injury. This is especially prevalent in dentists who perform much of their work from a seated position. We examined the use of an ergonomic dental stool with mid-sternum chest support for reducing lower back muscle activation. Electromyography of lower back extensors was assessed from 30 dental students for 20 s during three conditions in random order: (a) sitting upright at 90° of hip flexion on a standard stool, (b) leaning forward at 80° of hip flexion on a standard stool, and (c) leaning forward at 80° of hip flexion while sitting on an ergonomic stool. Muscular activity of the back extensors was reduced when using the ergonomic stool compared to the standard stool, by 33–50% (p < 0.01). This suggests a potential musculoskeletal benefit with use of a dental stool with mid-sternum chest support.

11

The effect of measurement position on brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity

Shimawaki S., Toda M., Nakabayashi M., Sakai N.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2015

|

Vol. 17, no. 1

111--116

EN

Arterial stiffness measurements are primarily used for the early detection of arteriosclerosis. Methods and devices that can easily measure arterial stiffness at home are in demand. We propose a simple method for measuring brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) at home using a reclining chair and investigate the effects of positioning on baPWV measurement. We measured baPWV in 50 healthy men (21–70 years) in seven different measurement positions, including the supine position, sitting, sitting with the knees flexed at 45°, sitting with the knees flexed at 0°, reclining at 37°, reclining at 50°, and standing. BaPWV was significantly lower in the supine position (P < 0.01) than in the other positions. It was significantly higher in the sitting position (P < 0.01) than in the reclining position (37°). No changes in baPWV were seen changing the knee flexion angle alone while sitting. Strong correlations were also observed between baPWV in the supine position and that in other positions. We showed that baPWV in the supine position can be calculated by making corrections to baPWV measured in the sitting position at a reclining angle. Utilizing this corrected value would allow easy measurement at home using a reclining chair.

12

Biomechanical influences on head posture and the respiratory movements of the chest

Szczygieł E., Węglarz K., Piotrowski K., Mazur T., Miętel S., Golec J.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2015

|

Vol. 17, no. 2

143--148

EN

Purpose. The head represents 6% of total body weight, therefore it can significantly affect the biomechanics of human posture control, movements and activities. When set out of vertical body axis, head position interferes with the work of the other links in the kinematic chain. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of head posture on the breathing activities of the chest. Material and methods: The research was conducted on a group of 65 patients (51 years ± 9.8 years), including 48 women and 17 men. Head posture and chest movements were assessed using a photogrammetric method. Results: The results confirmed the existence of a negative correlation between head position in the sagittal plane and movements of lower ribs. Forward head posture resulted in lower amplitude of costal arch motion: for the transverse plane Spearman’s R = –0.296, for the frontal plane; –0.273, –0.289. Tilting the head in the frontal plane also influenced the change in the biomechanics of breathing and contributed to a reduction of respiratory movements of the lower ribs Spearman’s R = –0.260. Conclusions: Changing the position of the head causes disturbances in the three-dimensional shape of the chest and its respiratory movements.

13

Postural and Muscular Responses While Viewing Different Heights of Screen

Lee T. H., Liu T. Y.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2013

|

Vol. 19, No. 2

251--258

EN

This study aimed to examine the effects of visual display terminal (VDT) viewing angle on human postural angle and muscular activity. The participants’ neck, thoracic bending, and trunk inclination angles; and the activity of sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, splenius capitis, and erector spinae at 5 viewing angles (+400, +200, 00, –200, and –400) of a VDT screen were collected for 1 min. This study showed that neck and thoracic bending angles increased with viewing angle, while viewing angle did not significantly affect trunk inclination angle. In addition, the activity of trapezius and erector spinae increased when viewing a higher or lower VDT screen height compared with viewing a horizontal VDT screen height; however, the activity of splenius capitis decreased with viewing angle.

14

Analysis of Working Postures at a Construction Site Using the OWAS Method

Lee T. H., Han C. S.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2013

|

Vol. 19, No. 2

245--250

EN

This study used OWAS to analyze the working postures of construction workers on building the foundations of a log cabin. Three construction workers, with an average work experience of 40 years, participated in this study. Eight elementary jobs of building the foundations of a log cabin were videotaped at a construction site and analyzed later in the laboratory. For an overall distribution of trunk postures, OWAS identified that a bent and twisted trunk posture (34%), which fell into action category 3, was the major poor posture for construction workers. This study also identified that tying beams with steel bars, assembling column templates, and cement grouting of the ground were the 3 principal jobs in which workers building the foundations exhibited poor working posture. This article suggests ways to reduce and evaluate poor posture in a dynamic construction site.

15

An Ergonomics Evaluation of Certain ATM Dimensions

Al-Saleh K., Bendak S.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2013

|

Vol. 19, No. 3

347--353

EN

Although millions of automatic teller machines (ATMs) are currently used all over the world, users of ATMs still have usability problems including inappropriate user-ATM interaction, display problems and others. Many developed countries already have standards in place for ATMs. However, this is not the case in many other countries. This paper aims to assess certain dimensions of ATM machines and their suitability for users in Middle Eastern countries using anthropometric measurements of the user population taking Saudi Arabia as a case study. Dimensions of all ATMs used in Saudi Arabia were measured and compared with recommended dimensions based on anthropometric measurements of the user population. Results show that there is a mismatch between the dimensions of ATMs used in Saudi Arabia and the recommended dimensions based on the user population. Practical recommendations are given as to improve the usability of ATMs in Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern countries.

16

A Comparative Ergonomics Postural Assessment of Potters and Sculptors in the Unorganized Sector in West Bengal, India

Sahu S., Moitra S., Maity S., Pandit A. K., Roy B.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2013

|

Vol. 19, No. 3

455--462

EN

Potters and sculptors perform their work in very awkward postures. The purpose of this study was to analyse these postures. The modified Nordic questionnaire was used to analyse musculoskeletal discomfort. Rapid entire body assessment (REBA) and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) were used to evaluate the subjects' postures. There were no significant differences between times of discomfort and the group of subjects. However, there were significant differences in discomfort in different body parts. The analysis indicated that various body postures were harmful to the subjects and that there were profound deviations from natural curvature of various body parts due to awkward body postures. Ergonomics intervention was required to improve the quality of life.

17

Biomechanical study of the influence of the weight of equipment on selected trunk muscles

Schulze Ch., Lindner T., Woitge S., Glass A., Fimze S., Mittelmeier W., Bader R.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2013

|

Vol. 15, no. 3

45--51

EN

Overexertion and pain of the musculoskeletal system may occur partly owing to load application by the equipment. Both the weight of equipment and the duration of loading are relevant. The aim of the present study was to examine the extent of loading and resultant strain in the trunk muscles. Therefore, the trunk posture of soldiers and muscular activity in reaction to different equipment components (helmet, load-carrying equipment, gun and backpack) were evaluated. Electromyography was performed and a visual assessment of body axis was conducted based on standardised planar images. Data indicate that the activity of the trunk muscles examined (latissimus dorsi, trapezius and pectoralis major) is dependent on the weight and distribution of the equipment components. Activity in the trapezius muscle, for instance, was doubled during specific load application. Moreover, the method of carrying the rifle had a significant influence on the activity of the trapezius muscle (one-sided decrease of activity by 50%). Subjects were able to stabilise the body axis in the coronal plane through increased muscle activity, however, in the sagittal plane a compensatory ventral inclination of the body was observed. Uneven load distribution can lead to an irregular strain on the musculoskeletal system.

18

An Ergonomics Study on Posture-Related Discomfort and Occupational-Related Disorders Among Stonecutters of West Bengal, India

Gangopadhyay S., Das B., Das T., Ghoshal G., Ghosh T.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2010

|

Vol. 16, No. 1

69--79

EN

Stonecutting and setting are important tasks in a construction site. A field study was conducted to assess occupational-related disorders and to conduct ergonomics assessment among stonecutters. The study focused on (a) the duration of work per day, (b) the working environment and working activities and (c) the feeling of discomfort in different parts of the body. A detailed posture analysis was performed with the Ovako working posture analysis system (OWAS). It was observed that stonecutters worked continuously in awkward postures during stonecutting and setting. Consequently, they suffered from discomfort in different parts of their body, specifically in the lower back, knees and shoulders, which mainly prevented them from continuing their work. This study also revealed that stonecutters had to work in congested work areas with a poor level of illumination. The noise level and dust particles emitted during stonecutting activities could affect stonecutters.

19

An Examination of Shoulder Postures and Moments of Force Among Different Skill Levels in the Wool Harvesting Industry

Gregory D. E., Pal P., Carman A., Milosavljevic S., Callaghan J. P.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2009

|

Vol. 15, No. 4

409--418

EN

The wool harvesting industry employs workers of varying skill levels that differ in both quality and number of harvested fleeces. As it was unknown how skill affected parameters such as joint posture and loading, the current study comparatively examined 140 wool harvesting workers representing 4 skill levels during wool harvesting competitions. Three-dimensional upper limb postures and peak and cumulative shoulder moments were calculated for each worker. Results indicated that elite wool harvesters, in general, used different shoulder postures to perform the harvesting tasks and were thus exposed to different shoulder moments as compared to the lower skill levels. It is plausible that these adopted postures allow the higher class workers to perform their job with higher quality and greater speed as compared to the lower ranked workers. Postural-based training may help improve technique in lower ranked workers and enable these workers to achieve higher ranked status.

20

A Video-Based Observation Method to Assess Musculoskeletal Load in Kitchen Work

Pehkonen I., Ketola R., Ranta R., Takala E. P.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2009

|

Vol. 15, No. 1

75--88

EN

This paper describes a new video-based observation method aimed to assess musculoskeletal load in kitchen work, aspects of its repeatability and validity, and problems confronted by the observers. Two pairs of researchers observed individually 117 video clips recorded in kitchens. Interobserver repeatability was assessed by computing the proportion of agreement and weighted kappa values (κw). Validity was analyzed by studying the distribution of the assessments over the rating scales and the ratings before and after the interventions, which were compared with expert assessments made from the same intervention targets. The proportion of agreement ranged from 57 to 88%. Interobserver repeatability based on weighted kappa values was mainly good to moderate. The method detected the changes in physical load due to the interventions. Direction of the changes corresponded with the expert assessments. Further development of the method is needed to assess the load on the hands and wrists.