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Study of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Post-Consumer Wood of Different Age

Gayda Serhiy, Kiyko Orest

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2023

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Vol. 66, nr 212

Art. no. 177453

EN

It should be noted that there is currently a problem with wood resources in the woodworking industry. A potential, unused wood reserve is post-consumer wood (PCW). The problem with the quality of this wood resource has not been fully resolved since there is no regulatory database. In fact, there is a lack of appropriate regulatory documents, which makes it impossible to describe to a full extent the physical and mechanical properties of PCW of common wood species of different ages as a source of additional raw materials for various woodworking technologies. Proceeding from the goal, the task of the study is to describe the physical and mechanical properties of postconsumer wood using the example of fir wood, which for a long period of time has been used to create furniture and joinery products. The task is also to identify patterns of change in the indicators of this resource with age - an expired service life or suitability. In order to use PCW in woodworking and to fill the scientific base with physical and mechanical indicators of fir wood of different ages with an expired product service life, the following characteristics were investigated: static hardness, swelling, coefficients of swelling, the value of transverse anisotropy, density, static bending strength, splitting strength along the fibers, modulus of elasticity in compression, and the modulus of elasticity in static bending. The characteristics of PCW of the widespread fir species in the range of use from 0 to 20 years were explored, with intermediate control over the properties every 5 years. The dynamics of the physical and mechanical indicators of fir PCW were revealed and it was found that in the course of operation time in various conditions they change, mainly decreasingly: static hardness by 9.2-9.6%; the value of transverse anisotropy by 30-32%; strength: static bending strength by 3.4-7.95%, splitting strength by 4.49-8.67%; modulus of elasticity: in compression by 3.89-4.08%, in bending by 2.75-6.64%. The main causes of changes in the properties of PCW with age: natural: weathering, partial internal rot, insect damage, other biological effects; mechanical: splitting, scratches, small holes from means of fastening and other defects due to use; operational: the influence of power and dynamic loads, the influence of surface finishing agents and other factors on the structural elements of wood products. A summary table was compiled for the selection of indicators of the physical and mechanical properties of fir PCW of different ages. When knowing the indicators and dynamics of the physical and mechanical properties of PCW with age, it can be recommended for manufacturing structural materials - blockboards and furniture panels.

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The investigation of properties of blockboards made of post-consumer wood

Gayda Serhiy, Kiyko Orest

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2020

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vol. 63, nr 206

77--102

EN

Today in woodworking, there are problems with the use of wood waste and the accumulation of involved wood as an additional and not fully used resource. The problem has not been completely solved, as there is no scientific basis and practical recommendations for efficient production processes with predicting the properties of products made from Post-Consumer Wood (PCW), in particular in the production of blockboards (BB). The objective of the studies is to substantiate and develop a scientific and technical basis for resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, to establish the influence patterns of PCW properties on the mechanical characteristics of the products obtained, to develop operating parameters and to formulate practical recommendations, confirmed by the results of experimental studies. The studies have proved the expediency of using PCW in technological processes of woodworking, in particular in the production of construction materials - blockboards with predicted characteristics. In order to rationally use raw materials for the manufacture of conventional blockboards made from Post-Consumer Wood (PCW-BB), new designs of a conventional PCW blockboard with a thickness of 22 mm and with a unified strip width of 16, 32, 48, and 64 mm, the strips are glued ones, 3 mm thick, and faced with plywood on both sides. The authors of the article found that in order to ensure improved operating characteristics of the blockboards, it is important to lay radial, semi-radial and tangential strips in structures with the ratio of width to thickness of the cross-sections of the strips - rationally and efficiently - 1:1, 2:1, 3:1. Substantiation on this basis of new designs of PCW blockboards makes it possible to reveal shortcomings of these products at the conceptual stage of the project and correct them before manufacturing taking into account the specified technical conditions and reducing costs at the development stage. Mathematical models for predicting the main characteristics of conventional PCW blockboards (PCW-BB) have been constructed, which made it possible to determine the indexes of the bending strength of the BB across the strips, σBB, and the shear strength of the BB along the glue line, τВВ. The coefficients of approximation of mathematical dependencies for predicting the strength of PCW-BBs, the strips of which were made of fir wood, were calculated, which would allow for the selection of rational designs of blockboards with appropriate characteristics. It has been established that the developed mathematical models make it possible to predict the characteristics of the PCW-BB depending on the cross-sectional dimensions of the strips, the angle of the annual rings slope to the blockboard face and the age of the PCW, and, on this basis, to propose improved designs of these blockboards for the technological processes of woodworking. The influence patterns of the properties of structural elements on the indicators of conventional PCW-BB (500 × 500 × 22 mm) were experimentally established. It was found that an increase in the width of the strips leads to a decrease in the strength indexes (by 29-37%); an increase in the angle of the annual rings slope to the BB face leads to an increase in static bending strength (by 31-33%) but to a decrease in shear strength (by 4-7%); an increase in the age of the PCW leads to a decrease in strength indexes (by 3-8%). It was found that the physical and mechanical parameters of the experimental PCW-BBs with a strip cross-sections of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 meet the requirements of the standard (larger values: for static bending of a rate of 15 MPa and for shearing at a rate of 1 MPa), and for the 4:1 cross- -section, they partially had lower indexes by 2-3%. To ensure the strength of the developed structures of the PCW-BBs, it is recommended to use the 3:1 ratio of the sides in the cross-section of the strips, and the slope of the annual rings to the blockboard face must be at least 45o. It was found that the deviation of the values obtained by mathematical models in determining the strength in static bending and shearing in comparison with the experimental ones did not exceed 8% and 10%, respectively.

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Analysis of the process of combustion of post-consumer wood using quantitative assessment indicators

Kajda-Szcześniak M., Jaworski T. J.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2016

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vol. 59, nr 196

91--107

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the fuel and emission properties of selected types of post-consumer wood. The tested materials include flooring, wood door frames, and used furniture, as well as wood as a material for comparison. In addition, through the results of tests carried out in the laboratory, the paper presents possibilities related to the optimization of waste combustion plants equipped with combustion chambers with mobile grates. For this purpose, indicators of quantitative assessment were determined, i.e. the reaction rate, the fire point, mass loss during combustion, and the heat load of the grate.

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Application of post-consumer wood composts in canna lily (Canna x generalis l.H. Bailey) cultivation

Wróblewska H., Schroeter-Zakrzewska A., Głuchowska K., Wolna-Maruwka A., Kleiber T.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2014

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vol. 57, nr 191

5--25

EN

The purpose of the conducted experiment was to learn about the influence of composts obtained from post-consumer wood on the growth, flowering and nutrition of the canna lily (Canna x generalis L.H. Bailey)‘Tropical Yellow’. The number of microorganisms and the level of their enzymatic activity in the media in which the plants were cultivated were also examined. Two variants of composts made from post-consumer wood, marked OPA and OPB were used in the experiment. Plants were cultivated in the media consisting of compost and high peat in different volumetric combinations. The content of macro- and microelements, the pH and salinity of particular media were the derivatives of compost and peat percentage in the medium. It was found that the medium type had a significant influence on the growth and flowering of the canna lily. The type of the compost used proved to be a determining factor in changes in the number and activity of the microorganisms in the examined media, as well as the nutritional status of the plants.

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było poznanie wpływu kompostów uzyskanych z drewna poużytkowego na wzrost, kwitnienie i stan odżywienia paciorecznika ogrodowego (Canna x generalis L.H. Bailey) „Tropical Yellow”. W doświadczeniu analizowano także liczebność mikroorganizmów oraz poziom ich aktywności enzymatycznej w podłożach, w których uprawiane były rośliny. W badaniach zastosowano dwa warianty kompostów z drewna poużytkowego oznaczonych symbolami OPA i OPB. Rośliny uprawiano w podłożach składających się z kompostów i torfu wysokiego w następujących kombinacjach objętościowych: kompost 100%, kompost 75% + torf 25%, kompost 50% + torf 50%, kompost 25% + torf 75% i torf 100% (kontrola). Zawartość makro- i mikroskładników, pH i zasolenie poszczególnych podłoży były pochodną procentowego udziału kompostu i torfu w podłożu. Analizując uzyskane wyniki, stwierdzono, że rodzaj podłoża wywarł istotny wpływ na wzrost i kwitnienie paciorecznika ogrodowego. Podłoża zawierające 25% i 50% kompostu miały korzystny lub obojętny wpływ na wzrost i kwitnienie roślin paciorecznika. Większy udział kompostu (100% i 75%) w podłożu niekorzystnie wpływał na wzrost i kwitnienie roślin. Rodzaj zastosowanego kompostu okazał się czynnikiem determinującym zmiany liczebności i aktywności mikroorganizmów w badanych podłożach, a także stanu odżywienia roślin.

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Characteristic of post-consumer wood chips and particles used in particleboard production. Part I.

Janiszewska D., Frąckowiak I., Andrzejak C.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2014

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No. 87

70--74

EN

Characteristic of post-consumer wood chips and particles used in particleboard production. Part I. The presented studies include characteristic of post-consumer wood chips and obtained particles. Both chips and particles were studied in terms of quantity and quality. Measurement analysis and determination of fraction composition of chips and particles obtained from post-consumer wood was carried out. The share of particular assortments within post-consumer wood was also determined. The studies were carried out in comparison to pine wood.

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Characteristic of post-consumer wood chips and particles used in particleboard production. Part II.

Janiszewska D., Frąckowiak I., Andrzejak C.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2014

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No. 87

75--78

EN

Characteristic of post-consumer wood chips and particles used in particleboard production. Part II. The article presents the results of further research aiming at characteristic of post-consumer raw material obtained in industrial conditions, as described in Part I. This part presents the properties of post-consumer wood chips and obtained particles, such as formaldehyde content, pH and buffer capacity of particles. The sand content in tested chips was determined as well. The studies were carried out in comparison to pine wood.

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Zastosowanie kompostów z drzewnych odpadów poużytkowych w uprawie pelargonii rabatowej (Pelargonium zonale) 'Andria'

Wróblewska H., Schroeter-Zakrzewska A., Zakrzewski P.

Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna

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2013

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T. 18, nr 4

365-372

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było poznanie wpływu kompostów uzyskanych z drewna poużytkowego na wzrost i kwitnienie pelargonii rabatowej (Pelargonium zonale) 'Andria'. W badaniach zastosowano dwa warianty kompostów otrzymanych z drzewnych odpadów poużytkowych, oznaczone symbolami OPA i OPB. Rośliny uprawiano w podłożach składających się z kompostów i torfu wysokiego w różnych kombinacjach objętościowych. Analizując uzyskane wyniki stwierdzono, że rodzaj podłoża wywarł istotny wpływ na wzrost i kwitnienie pelargonii rabatowej. Większe dawki kompostu (100% i 75%) w podłożu powodowały zahamowanie wzrostu roślin w porównaniu z kontrolą. Dawki mniejsze (25%) dawały wyniki porównywalne w stosunku do kontroli, zwłaszcza w przypadku roślin nawożonych pogłównie.

EN

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of composts obtained from post-consumer wood waste on the growth and flowering of zonal pelargonium (Pelargonium zonale) 'Andria'. Two types of composts, marked OPA and OPB, were used in the research. Plants were grown in media consisting of composts and high peat in various combinations by volume. Analyzing the results it was fund that type of medium has a major impact on the growth and flowering of zonal pelargonium. Higher doses of compost (100% and 75%) in the substratum inhibited the growth of plants compared to control plants, whereas lower doses (25%) gave results comparable to control plants, especially for plants fertilized during the vegetation period.