The paper presents the results of research aimed at comparing two stringer joining technologies of stiffened panels. Experimental tests were carried out on the basis of uniaxial compression of thin-walled panels stiffened with two parallel stringers. The panels consist of a skin plate and stringers joined with two techniques: riveting and refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW). The aim of the investigations was to determine the amount of the critical load, the character of the structure's work in the range of post-buckling behaviour and the mode of panel destruction. For deformation measurements, an optical scanner Aramis based on the digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used. The research conducted enabled the assessment of the effectiveness of the RFSSW technology of joining the semi-monocoque structures, taking into account the range of post-critical deformations caused both to the local and global loss of stability. The compression tests have shown that the plate with welded stringers with a spacing of 29.5 mm exhibits the ultimate load similar to the variant of the riveted panel. It was also observed that the nature and number of buckling half-waves depend on the applied load and spacing between connectors.
The classification of simple singularities in the post-buckling analysis of truss structures is well-known for elastic stability. To focus on multiple singularities including a hilltop bifurcation point (h-BP) and its bifurcation paths, we reviewed the multiple bifurcation analysis of multi-folding microstructure (MFM) models with periodic symmetry. Because the Jacobian at the h-BP of the MFM involves multiple 0-eigenvalues, it is challenging to analyse the bifurcation paths from the h-BP accurately. In this study, we investigated the multiple folding mechanism by analysing the neighbourhood of the h-BP and the symmetric subgroups of the geometric system in the two-dimensional plane and three-dimensional core of the MFM. We demonstrated that through the classification of multiple h-BP and bifurcation paths, it is possible to determine the unknown bifurcation equilibrium paths following h-BP, based on the Jacobian stability and the mechanism of symmetric subgroups in group theory containing the relationships between the primary path and the known bifurcation path(s) in the MFM system with periodic symmetry.
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