This article discusses the question of restarting the script, when restart is used by many users of the information network, which can be modelled as a G-network. Negative claims simulate the crash of the script and the re-sending of the request. Investigation of an open queuing network (QN) with several types of positive customers with the phase type of distribution of their service time and one type of negative customers have been carried out. Negative customers are signals whose effect is to restart one customers in a queue. A technique is proposed for finding the probability of states. It is based on the use of a modified method of successive approximations, combined with the method of a series. The successive approximations converge with time to a stationary distribution of state probabilities, the form of which is indicated in the article, and the sequence of approximations converges to the solution of the difference-differential equations (DDE) system. The uniqueness of this solution is proved. Any successive approximation is representable in the form of a convergent power series with an infinite radius of convergence, the coefficients of which satisfy recurrence relations, which is convenient for computer calculations. A model example illustrating the finding of time-dependent probabilities of network states using the proposed technique is also presented.
Finding the expected revenues in the queueing systems (QS) of open Markov G-networks of two types, with positive and negative customers and with positive customers and signals, has been described in the paper. A negative customer arriving to the system destroys one positive customer if at least one is available in the system, thus reducing the number of positive customers in the system by one. The signal, coming into an empty system (where there are no positive customers), does not have any impact on the network and immediately disappears from it. Otherwise, if the system is not empty, when it receives a signal, the following events can occur: the incoming signal instantly moves the positive customer from one QS into another with a certain probability, or with the other probability, the signal is triggered as a negative customer.
In the first part of the article, an investigation of an open Markov queueing network with positive and negative customers (G-networks) has been carried out. The network receives two exponential arrivals of positive and negative customers. Negative customers do not receive service. The waiting time of customers of both types in each system is bounded by a random variable having an exponential distribution with different parameters. When the waiting time of a negative customer in the queue is over it reduces the number of positive customers per unit if the system has positive customers. The Kolmogorov system of difference-differential equations for non-stationary state probabilities has been derived. The method for finding state probabilities of an investigated network, based on the use of apparatus of multidimensional generating functions has been proposed. Expressions for finding the mean number of positive and negative customers in the network systems have also been found. In the second part the same network has been investigated, but with revenues. The case when revenues from the network transitions between states are random variables with given mean values has been considered. A method for finding expected revenues of the network systems has been proposed. Obtained results may be used for modeling of computer viruses in information systems and networks and also for forecasting of costs, considering the viruses penetration.
The investigation of a Markov queueing network with positive and negative customers and positive customers batch removal has been carried out in the article. The purpose of the research is analysis of such a network at the non-stationary regime, finding the time-dependent state probabilities and mean number of customers. In the first part of this article, a description of the G-network operation is provided with one-line queueing systems. When a negative customer arrives to the system, the count of positive customers is reduced by a random value, which is set by some probability distribution. Then for the non-stationary state probabilities a Kolmogorov system was derived of differencedifferential equations. A technique for finding the state probabilities and the mean number of customers of the investigated network, based on the use of an apparatus of multidimensional generating functions has been proposed. The theorem about the expression for the generating function has been given. A model example has been calculated.
In the paper an open Markov HM(Howard-Matalytski)-Queueing Network (QN) with incomes, positive customers and signals (G(Gelenbe)-QN with signals) is investigated. The case is researched, when incomes from the transitions between the states of the network are random variables (RV) with given mean values. In the main part of the paper a description is given of G-network with signals and incomes, all kinds of transition probabilities and incomes from the transitions between the states of the network. The method of finding expected incomes of the researched network was proposed, which is based on using of found approximate and exact expressions for the mean values of random incomes. The variances of incomes of queueing systems (QS) was also found. A calculation example, which illustrates the differences of expected incomes of HM-networks with negative customers and QN without them and also with signals, has been given. The practical significance of these results consist of that they can be used at forecasting incomes in computer systems and networks (CSN) taking into account virus penetration into it and also at load control in such networks.
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