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1
Content available The research of oil properties after durability tests of porous bearings
Król A., Giemza B., Kałdoński T.
Journal of KONES
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2009
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Vol. 16, No. 1
289-295
EN
Self-lubricating bearings are characterized by sileni-running work, long durability, and high load-carrying capacity at small sliding velocities. Durability of porous sliding bearings is one of the most important parameter determiningfuture implementation. However, during operation loss of self-lubricating capability of the bearing can be caused by aging process of lubricant, what could lead also to decreasing of the durability. Oil aging process could be much deeper than in conventional sliding bearings with solid bushes, because of temperature, catalyst metal - porous stutcture and oxygen accelerating oxidation of oil. It was preliminary confirmed in the previous research that after durability tests of porous bearings high values of total acid number (TAN) of oils samples were achieved. Infrareds (IR) spectrums were also deeply changed. Thus the same investigation was performed for two other different oils (mineral gear oil and perfluorinatedpolyether - PFPE). After the durability test oil samples were unsaturated from the bearings and IR spectrums and TAN were examined. As it appeared change of mineral gear oil properties were not very deep. On the other hand synthetic PFPE oil had high TAN values and significant differences in the IR spectrums were observed.
2
Content available The development of the lubricants applied in the porous bearings
Król A., Giemza B., Kałdoński T.
Journal of KONES
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2007
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Vol. 14, No. 3
311-317
EN
In the article the development process of lubricants applied to the porous sliding bearings is described and characterised. Porous bearings are widely used in mechanical vehicles, household appliances and manufacturing equipment. However their application to tribological pairs is believed to be limited because of their properties and features such as small resistance to edge and dynamic loads, ability to work only at small sliding velocity. For the last twenty years intensive research under the development of the porous bearings has been observed and newly designed porous bearings have occurred. In that process also lubricants were developed. As the result the range of used lubricants is wider and also their chemical constitution was changed from the mineral oils to the synthetic bases giving better resistance on aging process and better rheological characteristics. Each group of lubricants was characterised and the problems of lubricant selection and application were described. In the article it was also noticed that especially the Polish manufacturers of porous materials do not regard the problem of lubricant selection seriously. Finally, it was summarised that wider selection of new lubricants for the porous bearings enables proper design of the tribological pair for the future work conditions.
3
Content available remote Seizure of low-power electric engine - case study
Giemza B., Kałdoński T., Król A.
Problemy Eksploatacji
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2005
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nr 2
247--257
EN
In the article the case study of seizure of porous sliding bearings mounted in the low-power electric motor, which was the integral part of air conditioner and worked outside is presented. The analysis of the results of investigations showed that probable reason of seizure of electric engine was presence of brown dust. Seizure process occurred only in the bearing No. 2, which was connected with its location in the structure of the air conditioner.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono przypadek zatarcia łożysk silnika elektrycznego małej mocy, napędzającego wentylator klimatyzatora, po kilku dniach ciągłej nieprzerwanej pracy. Jak wykazały przeprowadzone badania, spowodowane to było niewłaściwym rozpoznaniem przyszłych warunków pracy klimatyzatora i w efekcie nieodpowiednią konstrukcją silnika elektrycznego ułożyskowanego na dwóch brązowych łożyskach porowatych. Analizowany był jeden dostępny obiekt, natomiast takie same awarie zachodziły w całej grupie użytkowanych klimatyzatorów.
4
Content available remote Lubricity of oils used in porous bearings
Król A., Kałdoński T.
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
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2004
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Vol. 9, no spec.
153-159
EN
The authors of the article discussed acting of oil in the porous bearing and noticed that complex of suitable properties of oil could decide about correct operating of the bearing. In the article one also presented results of preliminary investigations of porous bearings and of oils showing that there were other essential properties of oils such as lubricity and permeability. The authors concluded that there is need to design new rules of oil selection for porous bearings.
5
Content available remote An analytical solution for the pressure field in the long porous journal bearings
D'Agostino V., Guida D., Ruggiero A., Senatore A.
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
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2004
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Vol. 9, no spec.
313-319
EN
Analytical solutions of the Reynolds equation for the porous journal bearings are not generally achievable and numerical methods must be involved. This paper presents an approximate mathematical model for the one-dimensional lubrication equation for the infinitely long porous journal bearing, obtaining a good agreement over the ranges of operating conditions of this tribological component.
6
Content available remote Fizykochemiczny mechanizm samosmarowania porowatego łożyska ślizgowego
Kałdoński T., Kałdoński T. J.
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
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2004
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Vol. 53, nr 10
37-47
PL
Przedstawiono fizykochemiczne podstawy mechanizmu samosmarowania porowatych łożysk ślizgowych, uzupełniając dotychczasowe informacje na ten temat, zwracając uwagę głównie na aspekty fizyczne (mechaniczne, cieplne, hydromechaniczne), o elementy wiedzy chemicznej, dotyczącej przebiegu reakcji chemicznych w układach dwyfazowych płyn-ciało stałe (porowate).
EN
Presented are the physicochemical bases for a self-lubricating mechanism of the porous sliding bearings. Completed are up to date informations considering mainly the physical aspects (mechanical, thermal, hydromechanical...), on chemical knowledge concerning the course of chemical reactions in the fluid-solid (porous) diphase systems.
7
Content available remote The influence of greases' properties on porous bearings work
Giemza B., Kałdoński T.
Tribologia
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2003
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nr 4
149-156
EN
The results of stand investigations of porous bearings are presented in this article. Four different greases - based on mineral and on synthetic oils were used as lubricants. The influence of chemical constitution on working parameters of bearings is presented. Over hundred hours of stand investigations were done. Working temperature and resistance to motion were measured during stand investigations.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań stanowiskowych łożysk porowatych. Cztery różne smary - na bazie olejów mineralnych i syntetycznych zostały użyte jako środki smarowe. Przedstawiono wpływ składu chemicznego na parametry pracy łożysk. Wykonano ponad 100 godzin badań stanowiskowych. W trakcie badań mierzono temperaturę pracy łożysk i opory ruchu łożysk.
8
Content available remote Research of ageing process of oils used in porous bearings
Kałdoński T., Król A.
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
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2003
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Vol. 52, nr 8-9
161-180
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki własnych badań wybranych właściwości olejów po procesie starzenia w warunkach laboratoryjnych. Przeanalizowano zmianę poszczególnych właściwości w funkcji czasu starzenia. Przeprowadzono również badania olejów świeżych i starzonych w zakresie podczerwieni i dokonano porównania zmian charakterystycznych plików z rezultatami badań wybranych właściwości. W ostatnim etapie przeprowadzono próbę poznania procesu starzenia oleju Antykol TS120 i Hipol 15F w rzeczywistym węźle tarcia i porównania z procesem starzenia laboratoryjnego.
EN
Results of own investigations of selected properties of two oils after ageing process in laboratory conditions are described in the paper. One analysed changes of selected properties in function of duration of ageing process. One also carried out research of fresh and aged oils in range of infra-red radiation and executed comparisons of changes of characteristic wavenumbers with investigation results of select properties. In last stage one tried to recognise an ageing process of Antykol TS120 and of Hipol 15F in real tribological pair. After stand test one carried out infra-red investigations of oils unsaturated from bearings and comprised the results of ageing process in laboratory conditions and with results of ageing process after operation in tribological pair.
9
Content available remote Badania i dobór olejów smarowych do porowatych łożysk ślizgowych : analiza stanu zagadnienia i badania wstępne
Kałdoński T., Król A.
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
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2003
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Vol. 52, nr 1
27-56
PL
Omówiono stan zagadnienia w zakresie badań i doboru olejów smarowych do porowatych łożysk ślizgowych. Omówiono obowiązujące zasady doboru, a także tendencje rozwojowe łożysk porowatych. Przedstawiono analizę warunków pracy oleju smarowego w łożysku porowatym i w łożysku ślizgowym konwencjonalnym. Zwrócono uwagę na właściwości olejów, które powinny być uwzględniane w procesie ich doboru do łożysk porowatych. Przedstawiono wyniki wstępnych badań charakterystyk eksploatacyjnych łożysk porowatych i wpływu na ich przebieg takich właściwości oleju jak: lepkość, wskaźnik lepkości, smarność, lotność. Przedstawiono wyniki badań stanowiskowych przepuszczalności łożysk porowatych w zależności od stopnia zestarzenia olejów przeprowadzonego w procesie laboratoryjnym.
EN
In the article one reviewed the state of the problem in range of investigations and of oils for porous sliding bearings. Obligatory rules of selection and tendencies of development of porous bearings are described also. The analysis of work circumstances of oil in porous bearing and in sliding bearing with solid bush is introduced. One focused on proprieties of oils, which should be taken into account in process of their selection to porous bearings. The results of preliminary investigation of characteristics of porous bearings are presented. The influence of oil proprieties (viscosity, viscosity index, lubricity, evaporation) on these characteristics is regarded. The results of permeability investigations of porous bearings depending on composition of oils are discussed in the article also.
10
Próba zwiększenia nośności samosmarowanych pormetrów przez nasycanie ich kompozycjami olej-smar stały.Próba zwiększenia nośności samosmarowanych pormetrów przez nasycanie ich kompozycjami olej-smar stały
Lawrowski Z.
Prace Naukowe Instytutu Konstrukcji i Eksploatacji Maszyn Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje
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2002
|
Vol. 87, nr 27
190-195
PL
Badaniom poddano pormety żelazne i brązowe. Nasycano je kompozycjami oleju Antykol TS 120 z dodatkiem proszków: grafitu, dwusiarczku molibdenu, politetrafluoroetylenu oraz miedzi. Wszystkie zastosowane kompozycje przyczyniły się do wzrostu nośności pormetów żelaznych. Natomiast nie stwierdzono wyraźnego wzrostu nośności pormetów brązowych. Przypuszcza się, że zmiana oleju i ewentualna zmiana porowatości tulejki mogłyby jeszcze bardziej zwiększyć nośność pormetów nasycanych zastosowanymi kompozycjami. Przedyskutowano prawdopodobne przyczyny nieskuteczności stosowania wymienionych kompozycji olejowych do nasycania pormetów brązowych.
EN
This study concerns iron and bronze porous bearings which were filled with compositions made of Antykol TS 120 oil and the following powders: graphite, molybdenum disulphide, polytetrafluoroethylene and copper. All the compositions contributed to the increase in the load carrying capacity of iron porous bearings. No increase in the load carrying capacity, unfortunately, was found with the tested bronze porous bearings. It is supposed that the change in the viscosity of oil and, possibly, different porosity of the sleeve might further increase the load carrying capacity of iron porous bearings filled with the tested compositions. Possible reasons of inefficiency of the employed compositions in the case of bronze porous bearings were discussed.
11
Content available remote Permeability of porous sliding bearings
Król A., Kałdoński T.
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
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2002
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Vol. 7, Spec. is
255-261
EN
In article short review of investigation of permeability of porous sliding bearings is presented. Influence of different factors on value of permeability is analysed. Special regard is focused on influence of kind of oil. The authors chose three kinds of oil. In the first stage of the research the process of oil ageing had been made. Then one analysed chosen properties of given oils. In the main third stage permeability of given oils was analysed in specified conditions of oil temperature and pressure. Achieved results of preliminary investigations confirmed strong influence of kind of oil and its properties on permeability of porous bearing.
12
Content available remote Analysis of two-layered gas-lubricated porous bearings
Majumdar B. C., Kumar A.
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
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2002
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Vol. 7, no 2
653-664
EN
A theoretical estimate is made to evaluate performance characteristics in terms of steady state and stability of two-layered externally pressurized porous gas journal bearings. Assuming only radial flow in the porous medium and considering two-dimensional flow in the bearing clearance, basic equations are solved to find load capacity and stability margin. It has been observed that a two-layered bearing gives higher stability when compared with a single-layered one.
13
Investigations of porous bearings at shaft variable rotation direction
Kałdoński T., Król A.
Applied Mechanics and Engineering
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1999
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Vol. 4, no spec.
45-50
EN
The aim of the work presented was to determine operating characteristics of porous bearings at shaft variable rotation direction. Constructed for this purpose a stand band makes possible measurement of temperature of investigated bearings, sudden change of load, continuous change of shaft rotation direction and of rotational speed and measurement of moment of friction. The first stage of investigations was the determination of selected physical properties of given products. Operational characteristics of bearings were determined in the second stage. The results obtained confirm the advantages of porous bearings and can be treated as an introduction to a wider programme of investigations.
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