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Coordinated production, ordering, shipment and pricing model for supplier-retailer inventory system under trade credit

Shah Nita H., Naik Monika K.

Operations Research and Decisions

2019

Vol. 29, No. 2

55--76

The objective of this article is to maximize the joint profit for supplier and retailer by constructing a combined supplier–retailer inventory model wherein supplier and retailer both have implemented trade credit policies, and some defective items are received by the retailer. The customer’s demand is expressed as a function of time, price and credit period, which is appropriate for the products for which demand increases initially and after some time it starts to decrease. Production, directly proportional to the customer’s demand rate, is considered as one of the decision variables for the purpose of reducing the holding cost of the supplier. The article estimates the optimum replenishment cycle, customer’s credit period, retail selling price by a classical optimization technique. For validation of the derived model, various numerical examples are demonstrated. Finally, implementing sensitivity analysis on the decision variables by varying the inventory parameters, effective managerial insights are generated which is beneficial for the players of supply chain by practically gaining the maximum joint profit through advising to opt for the case N ≤ M ≤ T , i.e., when the customer’s trade credit period offered by the retailer is lesser than the retailer’s trade credit period offered by the supplier and which is lesser than the replenishment cycle length.

Analiza rynku i prognozowanie popytu jako niezbędne działania dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania logistyki

Barcik R., Jakubiec M.

Logistyka

2012

nr 2

W referacie przedstawione zostały najważniejsze informacje, które odnoszą się do analizy rynku, w tym do ilościowej i jakościowej analizy. Scharakteryzowano także analizę sytuacji konkurencyjnej, w tym: przedmiotowy i podmiotowy wymiar konkurencji, mobilność sektora konkurencyjnego oraz strukturę sektora konkurencyjnego. Następnie charakterystyce poddano zagadnienie prognozowania popytu. W referacie odniesiono się do popytu niezależnego i zależnego. Przedstawiono również przebieg procesu planowania. Zagadnienia analizy rynku i prognozowania popytu są istotne z punktu widzenia prawidłowego funkcjonowania logistyki w przedsiębiorstwie, w szczególności w obszarach zaopatrzenia i dystrybucji.

In the paper the most important information which concern market analysis, including quantitative and qualitative analysis were described. Authors characterized also analysis of competitive situation, including subjective and objective dimension of competition, mobility of competitive sector and structure of competitive sector. Next, an issue of demand forecasting was considered. In the paper non-dependable and dependable demand were presented. Procedure of planning process also was shown. Issues of market analysis and demand forecasting are important in terms of proper functioning of logistics, especially in delivery and distribution areas.