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1

“Whiskey is for drinking, water is for fighting:” Colorado River water disputes over the Lake Powell Pipeline

Perdomo Marin Juan Camilo

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2024

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Vol. 12, Iss. 1

1--28

EN

This case study analyzes the history, controversies, implications, and uncertainty in constructing the Lake Powell Pipeline (LPP) to evaluate how the state of Utah has been addressing the larger problem of responding to growing local demands for water within a regional context of reductions and cuts in water allocations. The research uses a multimethod approach, namely, analysis of historical documents, interviews, literature review, and field notes to link this case’s overlapping factors affecting the viability of LPP. The paper is divided into five sections: (1) an introductory review of the political and technological history of the Colorado River; (2) a description of the arguments and controversies related to the construction of LPPs; (3), identifying how the history of the Colorado River and LPP are deeply connected; (4) analysis of the properties of water infrastructure to understand what is at stake in the materialization of this project; and (5) a characterization of the complex political scenarios behind the negotiations over the LPP. The paper concludes with a reflection on how these controversies are part of a worldwide phenomenon: i.e., where building local water infrastructure is prioritized while ignoring the need for more holistic river basin policies.

2

DCSNN optimized with hybrid Border Collie optimization and Archimedes optimization algorithms for solid waste prediction in Chennai

Vidya Soundarapandian, Janani Elangeswaran Srie Vidhya, Sreedevi B.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 50, nr 1

5--25

EN

The rapid growth of smart cities and industry causes an increase in waste production. The amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) increases by several factors, including population growth, economic status, and consumption trends. The inadequacy of basic trash data is a major issue for managing MSW. Numerous existing models based on solid waste prediction have been presented so far, but none of them predict solid waste accurately and also it consumes more time. To address these concerns, a deep convolutional spiking neural network for solid waste prediction (DCSNN-SWP) is proposed in this paper. Here, the real-time solid waste prediction data are gathered from the quantity of municipal corporation of Chennai (MCC), landfill, garden garbage, and coconut shell reports in Tamil Nadu (Chennai), such as Zone 9 (Nungambakkam), Zone 10 (Kodambakkam) and Zone 13 (Adyar). Then the collected solid waste data are pre-processed using the kernel correlation model. Then the pre-processing data is given to DCSNN-hybrid BCMO and Archimedes optimization algorithm which accurately predicts the solid waste as wet waste, dry waste, horticulture waste, and dumping yard for 2022-2032 years. The proposed DCSNN-SWP method has been implemented in Python.

3

Investigation and Analysis the Activity of Al-Hindiya Barrage for the Water Demand Issue in Babylon Province, Iraq

Jaber Wisam S., Omran Zainab A., Alquzweeni Saif S.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 9

337--346

EN

The Euphrates River faces seasonal changes in water flow in spring, the formations of snowmelt on mountains start to melt leading to increase water levels. In other hand, the water stream flow tends to shrinkage during the draught in the hot months. Climatic patterns, that contain the droughts and the raising of temperatures, influence the water levels. Al-Hindiya Barrage is the main regulation system that provides the water quantities toward Al-Hilla River stream. The fluctuation in water sharing can negatively impact the required productivity of water. The study aimed to build management system for water sharing in Babylon Province that can be used for improve the plan to conserve water demand in domestic and agriculture requirements. The study processed the analysis and modeling by starting of collecting initial data of the average flow rates in Euphrates River toward the Al-Hindiya Barrage for the past ten years. The data also included the annual production of the main crops according to the areas bounded Al-Hilla River. The population growth was calculated for the years up to 2048 then the daily water demand and the water demand for agriculture were determined for the future years and curve fittings were applied to get the correlation equations. The investigation of the water requirements for the main crops (wheat, barely, and corn) was satisfied. The study used the equations of correlation for daily water demand and for crops production to derive Water Demand Index WDI for summer and winter to enhance the water sharing management in the water distribution system. The water demand for agriculture were estimated for the regions in Babylon province: (Hilla City, Abi Gharaq, Al-Hindiya Barrage, Al Midhatiya, Al Hashimiyah, and Al-Qasim). The study achieved in the explanation of WDI two goals: first was managing of water sharing for better conserving, and second was the availability of extra water quantities to be stored for future using.

4

Broń „D” jako zagrożenie asymetryczne

Repetowicz W.

Wiedza Obronna

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2018

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nr 1-2

107--125

PL

We współczesnym świecie zagrożenia asymetryczne odgrywają rosnącą rolę w konfliktach zbrojnych. Prowadzi to do zacierania się granic między wojna i nie-wojną, a także żołnierzami i nie-żołnierzami, bronią i narzędziami politycznymi. Jeden z rodzajów broni stosowanych w asymetrycznych konfliktach zbrojnych jest oparty na demografii – broń D. Rola broni D jest wciąż niedoceniona mimo jej zróżnicowanego znaczenia w obecnych i przyszłych konfliktach.

EN

In the contemporary world asymmetric threats play a growing role in armed conflicts. This makes blurring the borders between war and not-war as well as combatant and not-combatant, weapon and political tools. One of the weapons used in asymmetric armed conflicts is based on demographics. Role of this D weapon is still underestimated despite its growing role in present and future conflicts.

5

Zrównoważone zarządzanie wodą w miastach w warunkach zmian klimatycznych

Mrowiec Maciej, Ociepa Ewa, Malmur Robert, Deska Iwona

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2018

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Vol. 13, nr 1

133--138

EN

Increasing global change pressures like urbanisation, climate change, deterioration of urban water infrastructure, cities have difficulties in efficiently managing water resources. To manage these challenges cities have to improve the efficiency of urban water systems by rethinking old paradigms and developing more sustainable solutions.. Between 1.8 and 2.5 % of the annual global GDP is needed for implementation of water-related sustainable development goals. Currently the main challenge is to ensure public health and satisfy water needs while protecting the quality and quantity of water resources for future generations by efficient production and use of water, energy and materials. The paper presents principles to develop water-sensitive cities that ensure access to safe water and sanitation and also to increase resiliency to floods and droughts.

PL

Zarządzanie zasobami wodnymi w obszarach miejskich jest coraz bardziej problematyczne z uwagi na intensywną urbanizację, zmiany klimatu oraz starzenie się miejskiej infrastruktury wodnej. Aby sprostać tym wyzwaniom, miasta muszą poprawić efektywność miejskich systemów wodnych poprzez odejście od dotychczasowych paradygmatów i opracowanie bardziej zrównoważonych rozwiązań. Obecnie około 1,8 ÷ 2,5% rocznego światowego PKB potrzebne jest do realizacji celów w zakresie zrównoważonego rozwoju gospodarki wodnej. Głównym wyzwaniem jest zapewnienie zdrowia publicznego i zaspokojenie potrzeb w zakresie dystrybucji wody, przy jednoczesnej ochronie jakości i ilości zasobów wodnych dla przyszłych pokoleń dzięki wydajnej produkcji i wykorzystaniu wody, energii i surowców. W artykule przedstawiono główne wytyczne dla rozwoju miast zapewniających bezpieczne źródła i systemy dystrybucji wody, odprowadzenie i oczyszczenie ścieków, a także zwiększenie odporności miast na występowanie zjawisk powodziowych oraz okresów suszy.

6

Forecasting Economic, Social and Environmental Growth in the Sanitary and Service Sector Based on Thailand’s Sustainable Development Policy

Sutthichaimethee P.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 1

205--210

EN

The purpose of this study is to forecast the long run implementation of Thailand’s sustainable development policy in three main aspects, including economic, social and environmental aspect for the the sanitary and service sectors from 2016 until 2045. According to the national data for the years 2000-2015, based on the ARIMAX model, it has been found that Thai economy system is potentially changed and growing rapidly by 25.76%, the population has grown by 7.15%, and the Greenhouse gas emissions will gradually increase by 49.65%, in the year 2045. However, based on the analysis above, if Thailand fails to run the afore-mentioned policy properly, it will be difficult to successfully implement sustainable development, because the increased emission is moving in the same direction with economy and social aspect of Thailand.

7

Forecasting Energy Consumption in Short-Term and Long-Term Period by Using Arimax Model in the Construction and Materials Sector in Thailand

Sutthichaimethee P., Ariyasajjakorn D.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 4

52--59

EN

This study aims to analyze the forecasting of energy consumption in the Construction and Materials sectors. The scope of the study covers the forecasting periods of energy consumption for the next 10 years, 2017–2026, 20 years, 2017–2036, and 30 years, 2017–2046, by using ARIMAX Model. The prediction results show that these models are effective in the forecast measured by RMSE, MAE, and MAPE. The results show that from the first model (2,1,1), which predicted the duration of 10 years, 2017–2026, indicates that Thailand has increased an energy consumption rate with the average of 18.09%, while the second model (2,1,2) with the prediction of 20 years, 2017–2036, Thailand arises its energy consumption up to 37.32%. In addition, the third model (2,1,3) predicted the duration of 30 years from 2017 to 2046, and it has found that Thailand increases its energy consumption up to 49.72%.

8

The impact of food on the growth of clones of Lecane inermis, a potential bulking control agent

Kowalska E., Paturej E., Zielińska M.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 43, nr 1

49--57

EN

Excessive growth of filamentous bacteria, inducing activated sludge bulking, presents a serious problem in many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The idea of using Lecane inermis rotifers as a tool for controlling the filamentous bacteria density in activated sludge requires developing a method of culturing rotifers at high concentrations. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of two culture media on the growth of three Lecane inermis strains. The growth of rotifers from a single individual (parthenogenetic female) fed the tested culture media was observed for 10 days. The rotifers showed different individual growth, depending on the strain and type of culture medium. The results of the studies suggest that by using the tested culture media, it may be possible to select a Lecane inermis strain with the highest culturing capacity at high density of rotifers in order to inoculate activated sludge with these organisms in wastewater treatment plants.

9

Land use dynamics in rural-urban environs: a study of the Kumasi metropolis and its adjoining districts – Ghana

Koranteng A., Zawila-Niedzwiecki T., Kombat D.

Teledetekcja Środowiska

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2015

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T. 52

67--85

EN

Land development and consumption have spun out of control in major cities in Ghana. Kumasi as the second main and fastest growing city with an annual population growth rate of 5.4% in Ghana is experiencing this phenomenon. Land use/cover change in rural–urban peripheral is foremost to these dynamic changes. This study is premised on remote sensing and GIS methods to explore urbanization in Kumasi rural–urban fringe. Satellite data (Landsat multi-temporal images and Disaster Monitoring Constellation-DMC) and GIS techniques were used to analyze and compute the land cover changes (amount, trend and location) that had transpired for the period of 1986 to 2011. This study assesses the nature, extent and impact of urban growth (compact and sprawl) on Kumasi and surrounding districts. The study showed that, forest loss is massive, agricultural activities in Kumasi is receding as the years go but intensifying in the fringe districts. Settlements are expanding in all directions at the expense of farmland but firstly along the roads.

10

Problem ludnościowy w teorii ekonomii i w praktyce polityki społeczno-gospodarczej

Zimnoch K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Białostockiej. Ekonomia i Zarządzanie

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2008

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Z. 11

97-111

PL

Problem ludnościowy pojawia się w teorii ekonomii w momencie dostrzeżenia granic wzrostu gospodarczego. Dotychczasowy rozwój ludności świata można wyjaśnić za pomocą zasady ludnościowej T. R. Malthusa (aktualna do 1750 roku), hipotezy ludnościowej M. Kremera (aktualna dla lat 1750-1970) i nowej teorii ludnościowej (opisującej rozwój ludności świata po 1970 roku). We współczesnym świecie wyróżnia się dwa regiony ludnościowe: dynamiczny i ustabilizowany. Rządy krajów zaliczanych do regionu ustabilizowanego prowadzą politykę pronatalistyczną. W regionie dynamicznym prowadzi się politykę antynatalistyczną. Procesy demograficzne, analizowane globalnie czy regionalnie, wskazują na wzrost liczby ludności w miastach i związaną z tym organizację i lokalizację życia gospodarczego i społecznego. Tendencje te dotyczą również Polski i województwa podlaskiego.

EN

Question of population growth in the theory of economy for the first time has been introduced by T. R. Malthus. According to Malthus population, when unchecked, increased in a geometrical ratio, and subsistence for man in an arithmetical ratio. This principle of population is considered usefull in explaining demographic changes for the period before year 1750. M. Kremer in 1993 has presented a new hypothesis on population growth. The M. Kremer's theory explains population growth in relation with technological changes. Data on demographical changes after 1970 does not confirm Kremer's theory. Many economists are of opinion that there is a need to elaborate a new population principle.

11

How to gain more information from the evolving population?

Schaefer R., Jabłoński Z. J.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Elektronika

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2002

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z. 139

21--33