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Precast lightweight concrete wall panels from plastic waste and household ash as partially sand and cement replacement

Sastrawidana I.D.K., Sukarta I. N.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

2024

Vol. 125, nr 1

22--31

Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the properties of precast lightweight concrete wall panels prepared with the addition of plastic powder and household ash as a partial substitution for sand and cement. Design/methodology/approach: Eight formulations of lightweight concrete wall panels were prepared using a mix. The proportion of sand-to-cement ratio of 3:1 by weight and water-to-cement ratio of 1.85. Subsequently, sand and cement were gradually replaced with plastic powder and household ash. Plastic has water-repellent properties, while household ash is a natural pozzolan with cementitious properties in the presence of water and calcium hydroxide. Therefore, adding both materials in certain proportions should improve the quality of concrete wall panels. The mixture was cast in a fibreglass mould with length, width, and thickness dimensions of 30 x 30 x 3 cm. The evaluations of precast lightweight concrete wall panels include density tests, water absorption, compressive strength, water absorption-desorption capacity, and surface morphology. Findings: Replacing 20% of sand and 10% of cement with plastic powder and household ash produces lightweight concrete wall panels with a density, water absorption, and compressive strength of 1512.2 kg/m3, 7.95%, and 3.78 MPa, respectively. These precast concrete wall panels are acceptable for lightweight concrete wall panel requirements according to ASTM C129-06. Research limitations/implications: In this research, lightweight concrete wall panels were prepared by adding PET plastic powder and household ash to replace the sand and cement partially. In further research, it is necessary to assess the precast lightweight wall panels prepared from other plastic types and natural pozzolans. Practical implications: Using plastic waste reinforced with household ash as a partial substitute for sand and cement can create eco-friendly precast lightweight concrete wall panels. This is an effort to reduce sand and cement usage in concrete wall panel production and as an innovative way to reduce plastic waste in the environment. Originality/value: It has been experimentally proven that utilising plastic powder of up to 20% and household ash of up to 10% by weight for partial replacement sand and cement in preparation of precast lightweight concrete wall panels fully meets standard materials for manufacturing according to ASTM C129-06 standard for non-loading-bearing lightweight concrete. The addition of plastic makes the colour of the concrete wall panels' surface more attractive.