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Assessment of the Sub-Base Material for the Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Density Using Amalgamated Pond Ash with Reclaimed Asphalt on Road Pavement

Vijayakumar Radhakrishnan, Govidhasamy Kumar

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 6

29--41

The subgrade is a crucial part of the pavement structure, as it transmits the load of vehicles on the pavement to the subsoil. The stability of the pavement depends on the stability characteristics of the subgrade. Roadwork waste materials (RWM) constitute a significant portion of waste materials used for roadway construction, particularly in base fill and backfill layers. Due to the shortage of virgin raw aggregates from quarries, alternative materials, such as RWM, are used as replacements in regular roadway construction. This research conducted a wide range of laboratory and field evaluations to determine the engineering properties of pond ash (PA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), focusing on bottom ash as a blended material. Geotechnical parameters, such as particle size and mechanical properties of the materials, were assessed to evaluate their performance in pavement base or sub-base applications. The interaction of integrity between pond ash, RAP, and natural backfill as homogeneous materials was assessed by examining consistency characteristics concerning optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD). Six proportions of pond ash, RAP, and backfill soil (PA, RAP, NBS) were identified and used, with the optimal proportion being 50%:30%:20%. The grain size of RAP required for soil testing suitability will be obtained by disintegration using an earth hammering machine.

The Combined Effect of Pond Ash with Borrowed Soil Materials Along with Milling Waste for Flexible Pavement Sub-Grade Crater Foiling and Strength Characteristic Enhancement

Vijayakumar Radhakrishnan, Govindhasamy Kumar, Kumar K. Sunil

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 5

290--303

Pond ash, which is the burnt by-product of fossil fuels such as coal and lignite, is increasing due to globalization, and the safe disposal of pond ash has become a challenging task for human society; the dumping of pond ash in a particular area makes the chosen area too vulnerable for any living kind. The retention of pond ash for a prolonged period leads to soil contamination and infertility of the soil. To overcome the issue, the accumulation of pond ash as a part of the road subgrade shall considerably reduce the dumping. The Pond ash contains both fly ash and bottom ash in a proportion that may vary as per age of dumping. Both fly ash and bottom ashes are rich in cementitious and silicious properties. When the pond ash is mixed with milling waste (reclaimed asphalt pavement) and flue-gas desulfurization material with a particular mix proportion, it leads to matrix material, which becomes a more idealized material for usage as road sub-grade stabilization. Pond ash and flue-gas desulfurization materials make up a key proportion of wet mix macadam material. The milling waste (reclaimed asphalt pavement), on the other hand, is the actual top layer of any road pavement in the form of rubbles and has the added advantage of a cohesive and additive nature. The selection of mix proportions for optimum content makes the matrix mix much espouse as a sub-base course that can readily disperse the tearing action of road surfaces due to differential loading of wheels, which leads to potholes over the lane over time. The California bearing ratio test is done to find the optimum mix.