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PL
W artykule przedstawiono przykłady niedopasowania widmowego metody radiometrycznej stosowanej do wyznaczania poziomów ekspozycji na stanowiskach pracy zgodnie z obowiązującymi kryteriami oceny zagrożenia promieniowaniem optycznym w środowisku pracy. Na przykładzie badań porównawczych wykonanych spektroradiometrem OL 750 oraz radiometrem ILT 1400 z zestawem sond pomiarowych dedykowanych wybranym zagrożeniom promieniowaniem optycznym, przeanalizowano potencjalne różnice wskazań wynikające z niedopasowania widmowego stosowanych sond pomiarowych. Wykazano, że niedopasowanie widmowe sond pomiarowych przy wyznaczaniu poziomu ekspozycji dla zagrożenia fotochemicznego oczu i skóry promieniowaniem UV oraz termicznego siatkówki oka promieniowaniem VIS + IR-A w nieznacznym stopniu wpływa na wynik pomiaru. Natomiast w przypadku wyznaczania poziomu ekspozycji na promieniowanie UV-A stwierdzono niedoszacowanie wyników pomiaru wynoszące ok. 30%, które należałoby uwzględniać przy wyznaczaniu poziomu ekspozycji oczu na promieniowanie UV-A.
EN
The article presents examples of spectral unfitting of a radiometric measurement method, which is used for determining of the exposure level on workstations according to obligatory criteria of the occupational hazard evaluation arising from an optical radiation. The comparative measurements were carried out using spectroradiometric and radiometric methods and the potential percentage differences of measurement results were obtained. The spectral unfitting of detectors used for actinic UV measurements and thermal retina hazard form range VIS+IR-A showed small difference of measured exposure levels had small influence on hazard evaluation. However, the spectral unfitting of UV-A irradiance resulted in 30% underestimation of the radiometric method which underestimation should be taken into account during the exposure level determination.
EN
Highly varied hydrographic system occurs in the drainage basins of the upper Piława, Płytnica and Drawa Rivers (Middle Pomerania). Numerous radiometric dating carried out by the methods of 14C, OSL and U/Th, as well as pollen analyses and geomorphological analysis enable to study evolution of the system in the period of the last twelve thousand years. Glaciolacustrine deposits, accompanying most of the lakes, represent accumulation, which took place at the initial stage of the lacustrine basin formation. The level of lacustrine waters fell by several to more than a twelve meters in that time and was controlled by melt water runoff channeled through valleys in the southern direction. The final stage of the lake development was connected with complete melting of buried dead-ice masses and formation — bottoms of lake. Evolution from glaciolacustrine to lacustrine basins within kettles was continuous process. Lake water level started to fall abruptly when the last remnants of the dead ice blocking the runoff have melted and the inter-lake channels have been erosionaly deepened. That phase should be related to the complete decay of permafrost, probably at the end of the Allerřd. The main phase of erosion in the gorges started at the end of the Pleistocene and lasted (with lower intensity) till the Pre-Boreal and/or the Boreal. The water level in the lake system drained by the Piława and the Drawa Rivers was finally fallen by 8–16 meters and for a long time was stabilized (during the Atlantic and Sub-Atlantic) at the level of 2 meters higher than the present one. Further lowering of drained lakes by the next 2 meters was probably caused by anthropogenic activities resulting from intensive colonization in the 16th and 17th centuries and later by land improvement accomplished in the drainage basins of the Drawa and the Piława Rivers in the 19th century. Local conditions strongly influenced character of forest communities in the area investigated. The tendency was especially significant in the Atlantic. Increased importance of pine trees in the vicinity of the Lędyczek site caused that broadleaf forests with oak, maple, lime and hazel trees, typical of the Atlantic, have not developed there.
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