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Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking of Selected Amorphous Polymer Materials in a Sea-Water Environment

Chomiak Monika, Szymiczek Małgorzata, Sarraj Sara

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 3

1--13

EN

This paper aimed to determine the susceptibility of polycarbonate and polymethylmethacrylate to corrosion cracking under specific operating conditions. The tests included static tensile and flexure, impact strength, and microscopic examination. Due to the synergistic effect of tensile stresses and seawater environment, numerous cracks are observed. Moreover, aging conditions did not significantly reduce the strength properties of the tested specimens; thus, higher resistance to stress corrosion cracking does not have a close relationship with the material's mechanical properties.

2

Optimizing Fused Deposition Modelling Process Parameters for Medical Grade Polymethylmethacrylate Flexural Strength

Obaeed Nareen Hafidh, Hamdan Wisam K.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 1

349--359

EN

The production of functional parts, including those employed by the biomedical industry has been achieved a promising candidate in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The essential properties of these biomedical parts which manufactured by additive manufacturing as compared to some other conventional manufacturing processes depend on structural and process parameters rather than material properties alone. Regarding to the evaluation the flexural strength of medical-grade, Polymethylmethacrylate PMMA has been received relatively very little investigation to date. PMMA is a biocompatible filament that be used in manufacturing of patient-specific implants such as dental prosthesis and orthopaedic implants. The proposed work explores the effect of three process parameters that vary with respect of three levels on the flexural strength. These levels can be specified by layer height (120, 200, 280 µm), infill density (40, 65, 90 %) and skewing angle (0º, 45º, 90º) on the flexural strength of medical-grade PMMA. Maximum and minimum flexural strength that be obtained in this work about (93 and 57 MPa) respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results shows that the most effective factor is the layer height followed by infill density. The flexural strength rises significantly with decreases layer height and the skewing angle is in zero direction. The process parameters have been optimized through utilizing of genetic algorithms. The optimal results that emerged based on genetic algorithm technique are approximately (276 μm) as layer height, (46 %) infill density and skewing angle (89 º) which maximize the flexural strength to (97 MPa) at crossover for ten generation.

3

Surface roughness analysis of prepolymerized CAD/CAM dental acrylic resins following combined surface treatments

Alfouzan Afnan, Alnouwaisar Alhanouf, Alazzam Njood, Al-Otaibi Hanan, Labban Nawaf, Alswaidan Mashaal, Al-Taweel Sara, Alshehri Huda

Materials Science Poland

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2021

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Vol. 39, No. 2

209--218

EN

Oral dentures are subjected to mechanical and chemical cleansing processes. However, these processes alter the physical and mechanical properties of denture acrylic resins. This study analyzes the surface roughness of conventional heat-cured (HC) polymethacrylate, light-cured (LC) urethane dimethacrylate, and prepolymerized computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dental acrylic resins. The materials were subjected to combined surface treatment of mechanical brushing, thermal cycling, and immersion in chemical disinfectants (corega, chlorhexidine gluconate [CHG], and sodium hypochlorite) to simulate 1 year of clinical use. The surface roughness of the resin specimens before and after surface treatment was evaluated using a noncontact profilometer. Statistical tests based on analysis of variance revealed significant interactions between resin type and disinfectants, indicating that the effects of these two factors were interdependent. The highest and lowest surface roughness was observed in HC resins immersed in CHG and CAD/CAM resins immersed in sodium hypochlorite. Among the materials, HC resins demonstrated the overall highest mean roughness, followed by LC and CAD/CAM resins. Regarding the disinfectant use, the highest mean roughness was observed in disks immersed in CHG, followed by those immersed in corega and sodium hypochlorite. The prepolymerized CAD/CAM acrylic resin demonstrated superior surface quality following combined surface treatments. The HC and LC resins exceeded the roughness threshold and the reported roughness values for acrylic resins following surface treatments. Among the disinfectants tested, sodium hypochlorite produced overall low roughness values.

4

Determination of the material constants of composite materials on the example of modified wood

Kyzioł L.

Journal of KONES

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2017

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Vol. 24, No. 2

133--140

EN

Homogenization is the transition from the level of microscopic heterogeneity to a homogeneous macroscopic level. The analysis of the value of equivalent parameters and their variability requires prior determination of the influence of microstructure on the values of these parameters [15]. Wood is a composite material and has a layered structure in the form of alternate layers of soft and hard wood. One of the main issues was the determination of constants materials of individual layers of natural wood and modified and then equivalent material constants of natural and modified wood. The material constants of single layers and the material constants of composite were determined on the basis of experimental studies. For this purpose, a homogenization method has been used to determine equivalent material constants on the basis of material constants of single layers of soft and hard wood [1, 2, 14]. A representative cell consisting of a softwood and hardwood layer has been isolated from the sample-measuring portion. On the basis of this cell have been developed mathematical model of equivalent material constants. A sample consisting of two layers was subjected to an even stretch in the direction of the axes x1, x2, x3. The equivalent material constants have been defined by using equilibrium conditions, geometric conditions, and Hooke’s generalized law. Each wood component on the micro-level is homogeneous, continuous with its constitutive equation, conservation laws, and boundary conditions at the boundary of the separation of components. The equivalent material constants of natural and modified wood have been determined using the homogenization method [12, 13]. The results obtained from the research and the results obtained from the calculations are very similar.