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1

Assessment of the Soil Cover Quality in the Adjacent Areas to Landfills Based on the Study of Changes in Heavy Metals Concentration

Kekelidze David, Tsotadze Gulsunda, Maisuradze Giorgi, Akhalbedashvili Lali, Chkhaidze Manana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 5

271--277

EN

Heavy metals are an urgent environmental problem, since their high concentrations have a negative impact on soil chemistry. Solid domestic waste landfills are a direct source of heavy metals accumulation in soils. Landfills pollute and poison large areas around them. Heavy metals are concentrated in the surface layer of the soil 0–10 cm deep, and can later migrate into plants and further into living organisms. The article examines soil pollution by the total content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn) in the areas adjacent to Tbilisi and Telavi (Georgia) landfills and on illegal landfill in the village of Anaga (Sighnaghi municipality). The results show that the soil cover of the territories adjacent to solid domestic waste landfills and illegal landfills is contaminated with heavy metals. The data obtained confirm the migration of heavy metals mainly in terms of the distance from the landfills. High concentrations of heavy metals in soils are characteristic of lead and cadmium. There is also a tendency towards a decrease in the content of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc with distance from the landfill of solid domestic waste.

2

n-sided polygonal hybrid finite elements involving element boundary integrals only for anisotropic thermal analysis

Cao R. F., Zhao X. J., Lin W. Q., Wang H.

Archives of Mechanics

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2020

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Vol. 72, nr 2

109--137

EN

As a combination of the traditional finite element method and boundary element method, the n-sided polygonal hybrid finite element method with fundamental solution kernels, named as HFS-FEM, is thoroughly studied in this work for two-dimensional heat conduction in fully anisotropic media. In this approach, the unknown temperature field within the polygon is represented by the linear combination of anisotropic fundamental solutions of problem to achieve the local satisfaction of the related governing equations, but not the specific boundary conditions and the continuity conditions across the element boundary. To tackle such a shortcoming, the frame temperature field is independently defined on the entire boundary of the polygonal element by means of the conventional one-dimensional shape function interpolation. Subsequently, by the hybrid functional with the assumed intra- and inter-element temperature fields, the stiffness equation can be obtained including the line integrals along the element boundary only, whose dimension is reduced by one compared to the domain integrals in the traditional finite elements. This means that the higher computing efficiency is expected. Moreover, any shaped polygonal elements can be constructed in a unified form with the same fundamental solution kernels, including convex and non-convex polygonal elements, to provide greater flexibility in meshing effort for complex geometries. Besides, the element boundary integrals endow the method higher versatility with a non-conforming mesh in the pre-processing stage of the analysis over the traditional FEM. No modification to the HFS-FEM formulation is needed for the non-conforming mesh and the element containing hanging nodes is treated normally as the one with more nodes. Finally, the accuracy, convergence, computing efficiency, stability of non-convex element, and straightforward treatment of non-conforming discretization are discussed for the present n-sided polygonal hybrid finite elements by a few applications in the context of anisotropic heat conduction.

3

Algorithm of input data preparation for single-beam pattern generator in industry-oriented applications

Doudkin A.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 60, nr 2

26--30

EN

In this paper, a new algorithm for an automated system of input data preparation for integrated circuit layout generator is proposed. A problem of covering polygons with rectangles is considered. The rectangles must lie entirely within the polygon and it is preferable to cover the polygon with few rectangles as possible. Functions and a structure of the software are de-scribed and given some examples of data processing. Results described in this paper can be applied in computational geometry and image analysis in industry-oriented applications.

PL

Zaproponowano nowy algorytm dla zautomatyzowanego systemu przygotowania danych wejściowych dla generatora układu scalonego. W pracy rozważany jest problem pokrywania wielokątów prostokątami. Prostokąty muszą zawierać się całkowicie w wielokącie i preferowane jest, aby pokryć wielokąt możliwie niewieloma prostokątami. Funkcje i struktura oprogramowania zostały opisane wraz z przykładami przetwarzania danych. Wyniki opisane w artykule mogą być zastosowane w geometrii obliczeniowej i analizie obrazów w aplikacjach przeznaczonych dla przemysłu.

4

Rectangular polygons and its shape parameters

Koźniewski E.

Journal Biuletyn of Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics

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2015

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Vol. 27

9--15

EN

The author's interest in rectangular polygon shapes resulted from the observation of plans of detached houses. It is also a consequence of the author's research into roofs. This paper summarizes the basic properties of rectangular polygons and formulates three parameters characterizing the shape of a rectangular polygon: perimeter defect, area defect and span.

PL

Zainteresowanie wielokątami prostokątnymi wynikło z obserwacji kształtu planów domów jednorodzinnych. Jest też konsekwencją badań autora dotyczących dachów. W pracy podano podstawowe własności wielokątów prostokątnych i sformułowano trzy parametry charakteryzujące kształt wielokąta prostokątnego: defekt obwodu, defekt pola i rozpiętość.

5

An Algorithm for Construction of Triangulation with Nesting Islands

Wang J., Su Q.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2013

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R. 89, nr 1b

199-201

EN

Islands are composed by closed arcs without intersection with each other. The relationship between islands can be either nesting or mutually independent. Through the analysis on nesting relationship among the islands, the arcs compositing islands are divided into four basal types, moreover, every type is provided an algorithm for calculation. The inner of islands is automatically identified according to the types of arc segments and then a triangulation algorithm with constrained condition was carried out. According to previous method, complex triangulations are structured. Proved by experiments, the efficiency of the algorithm is mainly determined by the efficiency of formatting delaunay of triangulation.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę związków zagnieżdżonych, występujących między wyspami, poprzez którą dokonano podziału łuków, tworzących wyspy na cztery podstawowe kategorie, a ponad to dla każdej z nich określono sposób obliczenia. Wnętrze wysp jest określane automatycznie, na postawie typów łuków, co w wyniki pozwoliło określić algorytm triangulacji. Badania eksperymentalne potwierdzają skuteczność algorytmu, wynikającą z zastosowanej triangulacji Delong.

6

Optimization of the unit circle approximation by a polygon

Borkowski J.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2011

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R. 87, nr 7

95-98

EN

The paper presents two optimization criteria of the approximation of the unit circle by a polygon: minimization of maximum approximation errors and minimization of mean square approximation errors. It is shown that application of the unit circle approximation by a polygon requires to compromise between minimization of three types of errors. The most beneficial approximation parameters values range is obtain for optimal application of the presented unit circle approximation by polygon.

PL

Przedstawiono dwa kryteria optymalizacji aproksymacji okręgu jednostkowego przez wielokąt: minimalizacja błędów maksymalnych aproksymacji i minimalizacja błędów średniokwadratowych aproksymacji. Wykazano, że zastosowanie aproksymacji okręgu jednostkowego wielokątem wymaga kompromisu pomiędzy minimalizacją trzech rodzajów błędów. Dla optymalnego stosowania przedstawionej aproksymacji przedstawiono zakres najkorzystniejszych wartości parametrów aproksymacji.

7

Procedural Modelling of Three-Dimensional Geometry

Zawadzki T., Nikiel S., Warszawski K.

Machine Graphics and Vision

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2011

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Vol. 20, No. 2

113-138

EN

Modelling three-dimensional shapes plays an increasingly significant role in modern computer graphics. Geometry synthesis is used in many fields, including digital cinema, electronic entertainment and computer simulations. Unfortunately, the modelling process is still done manually, offering a unique output at the cost of tedious work. There is a constant need to replace designers' work with intelligent automated algorithms. The methods based on the automation of modelling processes offer a variety of three-dimensional structures within limited time and restricted money budget. This paper addresses the problem of automated modelling of virtual structures such as caves, buildings and clouds, and presents an alternative solution in the form of a hybrid system. The innovative approach combines two independent methods well known in three-dimensional computer graphics: shape grammar and shape morphing. In the modelling process, it is possible to obtain the characteristics of 3D structures with non-spherical mesh topology. The objects and their transformations are described by functions, while rule grammars define the geometry modelling process. The shapes thus obtained can be freely deformed in the subsequent rules. The resulting structure can be rendered up to very high levels of visual realism. However, in the paper we present the description of the algorithm illustrated by results on a 3D mesh without focusing on photorealistic rendering aspects. We also propose some measures that can be used to verify the model geometry.

8

Proces implementace vyzkumu v horninovem masivu v lokalite maleho vyzkumneho polygonu na VSB-TU Ostrava

Bujok P., Mikundova P., Hajovsky R.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Górnictwo / Politechnika Śląska

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2009

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z. 287

27-35

CS

Aplikovany vyzkum teplotnich zmen horninoveho masivu zpusobenych hlubokymi vrty slouźici jako zdrój nizkopotencialni energie pro tepelna ćerpadla je v areału VSB-TU OSTRAVA realizovan vlokalitach dvou vyzkumnych polygonu. Tzv. "Velky vyzkumny polygon" situovany u Nove auly + CIT VSB-TUO je urcen zejmena pro sledovani vlivu masivnich odberu tepla z horninoveho prostfedi. Tzv. "Maly vyzkumny polygon" situovany u nove budovy Energetickeho centra VSB-TUO je urćen zejmena pro vyzkum regeneractiiho a akumulaćniho chovani hornin v okoli soliternich a resp. dualnich vrhi napojenych na tepelne ćerpadlo a klimatizaćni system.

EN

Applied research into temperature changes of rock mass caused by deep boreholes used as low-potential energy sources for heat pumps is conducted on the premises of VSB - Technical University of Ostrava (VSB-TUO) in localities of two research polygons. A so-called "Large Research Polygon" situated near the New Assembly Hall + Centre for Information Technologies of VSB-TUO is designed especially for observing the influence of great heat withdrawal from the rock environment. A so-called "Small Research Polygon", located in the vicinity of a new building of Energy Research Center of VSB-TUO is intended mainly for research into the restoration and accumulation behaviour of rocks in the surroundings of solitary and also dual boreholes connected to the heat pumps and air-conditioning system.

9

Modelowanie środowisk wirtualnych w X3D

Zawadzki T., Warszawski K.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2009

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R. 55, nr 7

467-469

PL

Artykuł dotyczy tematu tworzenia nieistniejących już w rzeczywistości obszarów miejskich przy wykorzystaniu rozszerzalnego języka modelowania wirtualnej rzeczywistości (X3D). Omówione zostaną techniki optymalizacji oraz modelowania obiektów 3D w kontekście wymagań sprzętowych. Poruszony zostanie aspekt tworzenia sceny z uwzględnieniem jej realizmu: sposoby nadawania obiektom możliwości interakcji z użytkownikiem, kolizje obiektów, oświetlenie sceny, animacja ruchu roślin, drzew oraz nieba. Opisane zostaną techniki generowania dźwięku za pomocą sensorów, które pozwalają na stworzenie narracji w scenie. Efektem finalnym będzie przedstawienie wizualizacji dawnego miasta Zielonej Góry połączonej z możliwością nawigacji w czasie rzeczywistym.

EN

The paper deals with reconstruction of non-existing city landscapes with use of an extended language of modelling virtual reality X3D (Extensible 3D). There are discussed some problems of technical optimisation and modelling of 3D objects in context of system recommendations. The aspects of creating scenes including realism: ways of giving objects ability to interact with the user, object collisions, lighting and shadows, movement of plants, trees and the sky are considered as well. The problem described is illustrated by visualization of Zielona Góra old town, which enables the user to explore and move through virtual scenes in real-time. The information on the old town was received from the XVIII century model of Zielona Góra exhibited at the Museum of Zielona Góra [5]. Another information on monuments was found in historical books of Zielona Góra old town [2, 3, 4]. Application of many techniques of optimisation improved the efficiency of displaying the world. At the beginning of construction of virtual models it was important not to use excessive polygons. Another optimisation technique was to create optimal models using node LOD (Level of Detail) that helped to improve efficiency rendering and not to loose realism of the presented virtual objects (Fig. 2). One of important stages of the project was to give objects the ability of interaction with the user. The project was created by means of the hybrid technique that joins a manual technique which is implementation of the code X3D language to a notepad and a program technique which uses existing tools (Cinema_4D, Avatar Studio). The Viewpoint nodes help to create better navigation, which improves the process of exploration of a virtual town (Fig. 4). Creating virtual reality environments based on architectural visualization is a very hard and time-consuming task because the structure of these objects is complex and the system limits must be taken into consideration. The aim of the work was reached. The final application is a reconstruction of Zielona Góra old town that lets the user to explore and move throughout the virtual scenes (Fig. 5).