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1

Badania tłumienia fal mechanicznych w innowacyjnych betonowych elementach murowych

Adamczyk Izabela, Major Maciej, Kalinowski Jarosław

Materiały Budowlane

|

2024

|

nr 8

37--42

PL

W artykule przedstawiono nowego typu betonowe murowe elementy ścienne APS (ażurowy pustak ścienny) i WAPS (wypełniony ażurowy pustak ścienny) o szkielecie wykonanym z betonu modyfikowanego materiałami recyklingowymi. Podano dane techniczne opracowanego elementu ściennego i skład betonu modyfikowanego mieszanką dodatków recyklingowych SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) i PET (politereftalan etylenu) oraz skład kompozytowej mieszanki tłumiącej powstałej na bazie tych dwóch materiałów. W celu wykazania efektywności opracowanego rozwiązania w redukcji drgań mechanicznych dokonano oceny wpływu oddziaływania różnych częstotliwości fali mechanicznej na opracowane betonowe murowe elementy ścienne APS i WAPS. Wyniki badań przedstawiono graficznie i wykazano, że wypełnienie otworów nowego typu betonowego murowego elementu ściennego recyklingową mieszanką kompozytową poprawia jego efektywność w ograniczeniu propagacji fal mechanicznych w analizowanym zakresie od 8 do 5000 Hz, pozwalając jednocześnie skutecznie zagospodarowywać materiały pochodzące z recyklingu.

EN

The article presents a new type of APS (openwork masonry unit) and WAPS (filled openwork masonry unit) concrete masonry units with a frame made of concrete modified with recycled materials. The technical data of the developed masonry unit and the composition of concrete modified with a mixture of SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) recycling additives, as well as the composition of the composite damping mixture based on these two materials, are given. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed solution in reducing mechanical vibrations, the influence of the impact of different mechanical wave frequencies on the developed APS and WAPS concrete masonry units was assessed. The test results were presented graphically and showed that filling the holes of a new type of concrete masonry unit with a recycled composite mixture improves its effectiveness in limiting the propagation of mechanical waves in the analyzed range from 8 to 5000 Hz, simultaneously allowing the effective management of recycled materials.

2

Selected Properties of Reinforcing Composite Bars for Concrete Elements Prepared from Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles

Katzer Jacek, Grzybowski Paweł, Kobaka Janusz

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2023

|

Tom 25

188--197

EN

A concept of producing reinforcing bars for concrete elements from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles is presented in the paper. The proposed technology of production harnesses strips of PET cut from bottles and thermal treatment. Finally, a sand-resin coating is applied to the composite bars. Produced bars can be differentiated by utilising different numbers of strips influencing the diameter of a bar. The key mechanical properties of the bars containing 3 to 8 strips were tested during the research program. Maximum loadings and displacements were established. Problems regarding the future application of the bars in question were discussed. Areas of need for further research were pointed out.

3

Beton modyfikowany granulatem gumowym SBR i płatkami politereftalanu etylenu PET

Major Izabela, Adamczyk Izabela, Halbiniak Jacek

Materiały Budowlane

|

2023

|

nr 8

1--5

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodę projektowania modyfikowanych mieszanek betonowych, które pozwoliły na zagospodarowanie materiałów pochodzących z recyklingu granulatu gumowego SBR oraz politereftalanu etylenu w postaci płatków PET. Wykonano podstawowe badania laboratoryjne dotyczące mieszanek betonowych oraz betonów kontrolnych i modyfikowanych dodatkami pochodzącymi z recyklingu w ilości 10, 12,5, 15% masy cementu. Wyniki badań betonów kontrolnych porównano z betonami modyfikowanymi i wykazano skuteczność opracowanego rozwiązania dotyczącego zagospodarowania materiałów odpadowych w mieszankach betonowych jako pełnowartościowych składników zastępujących kruszywa naturalne w betonach. Ma to duże znaczenie z uwagi na ochronę środowiska.

EN

The article presents a design method for modified concrete mixtures that allows for the use of recycled materials from SBR rubber granules and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flakes. Basic laboratory tests were performed on concrete mixtures, control concrete and concrete modified with recycled additives at 10 wt%, 12.5 wt%, and 15 wt% of cement. The results of the control concrete tests were compared with those obtained for the modified concrete. The developed solution for managing waste materials in concrete mixtures as useful ingredients replacing natural aggregates in concrete was found to be feasible. This is of great importance for the protection of the environment.

4

Performances of Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic Bottles Waste as Supporting Media in Domestic Wastewater Treatment Using Aerobic Fixed-Film System

Fauzi Mhd., Soewondo Prayatni, Nur Ansiha, Handajani Marisa, Tedjakusuma Teddy, Oginawati Katharina, Setiyawan Ahmad Soleh

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 10

30--39

EN

There has been a lot of research on domestic wastewater treatment utilizing polymer-based supporting media. The purpose of this study is to investigate the removal of organic compounds and nutrients, as well as the kinetics of substrate removal, in a batch aerobic fixed-film system that is fed by artificial domestic wastewater and uses Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles waste as supporting media. The artificial domestics wastewater feeding contains C6H12O6, NH4Cl, and KH2PO4 as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sources. Artificial domestics wastewater treatment was performed at COD levels of 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 (mg/L). The findings demonstrated that an aerobic fixed-film system wastewater treatment with PET-supporting media could remove organics and nutrients. The removal for COD 85.76 ± 0.59%, ammonia 76.59 ± 0.83%, nitrite 76.09 ± 0.66%, nitrate 64.30 ± 0.42%, TN 77.02 ± 0.94%, and TP 86.54 ± 0.68%, with the Singh’s method substrate removal kinetics (k1) is 1.60 ± 0.05/hour. The benefit of supporting media from PET plastic bottle waste is contributing to plastic bottle waste reduction in Indonesia.

5

Review of the Thermochemical Degradation of PET: An Alternative Method of Recycling

Cruz José Nolasco, Martínez Karla Donjuan, Zavariz Álvaro Daniel, Hernández Irma Pérez

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 9

319--330

EN

Plastics play an important role in our lives due to their versatility, lightness and low production cost. They can be found in almost every industry such as automotive, construction, packaging, medical, and engineering applications among others. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most consumed plastics worldwide in the packaging sector, which is why its useful life is usually very short, causing serious problems due to high disposal in the environment and urban landfills. The thermochemical degradation of PET has been studied by some researchers and it has been found that its degradation products are of high added value, which is why this work focuses on presenting the results obtained in the literature.

6

Fabrication and Properties of Self-crimp Side-by-Side Bicomponent Filaments Composed of Polyethylene Terephthalates with Different Intrinsic Viscosity

Xiang Guodong, Hua Hongjing, Gao Qingwen, Guo Jingwen, Zhang Xuzhen, Wang Xiuhua

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2022

|

Vol. 30, no. 2

68--74

EN

Self-crimp side-by-side bicomponent filaments (SBSBFs) were prepared via melt spinning using two kinds of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with great disparity of intrinsic viscosity. The influence of the volume ratio on the surface morphology, crystallinity, crimping properties, mechanical properties and shrinkage properties of the bicomponent filaments was investigated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction, a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope, etc. As the proportion of the low-viscosity component increases, the shrinkage in boiling water or hot air, as well as the shrinkage force and the sonic orientation factor of the bicomponent filaments decrease, and the DSC heating curves change from double peaks to a single peak. These phenomena should be ascribed to the high orientation and low crystallinity of the high-viscosity PET component and low orientation and high crystallinity of the low-viscosity PET component. Moreover, the crimp property of the bicomponent filament with a volume ratio of 50:50 is superior to those with other volume ratios.

7

Utilization of Household Plastic Waste in Technologies with Final Biodegradation

Nahursky Oleg, Krylova Halyna, Vasiichuk Viktor, Kachan Stepan, Nahursky Andriy, Paraniak Nadiia, Sabadash Vira, Malovanyy Myroslav

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

|

Vol. 23, iss. 4

94--100

EN

We have carried out research on multi-stage handling of polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene household waste. The method has been developed for both their safe utilization in manufacturing technologies and the use of encapsulated mineral fertilizers. The technical feasibility of implementing all stages of plastic waste processing has been defined: separate collection, creation of a film-forming composition, encapsulation of granular fertilizers. Our study has confirmed the safe biodegradation of polymer shell residues in the soil environment after the dissolution of the fertilizers. The proposed method of handling of these wastes is a method of their safe utilization.

8

Safety Usage of Encapsulated Mineral Fertilizers Based on Polymeric Waste

Nagurskyy Oleg, Krylova Halyna, Vasiichuk Viktor, Kachan Stepan, Dziurakh Yurii, Nahursky Andriy, Paraniak Nadiia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

|

Vol. 23, iss. 1

156--161

EN

The research was conducted on the growth and vital functions of watercress under the conditions of encapsulated mineral fertilizers treatment. The cyclic application of mineral fertilizers during three vegetation periods was simulated in this paper. The used mineral fertilizers were encapsulated on the basis of polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene waste. It was found that the intermediate products of the polymer covering decomposition do not have a negative impact on the soil environment and the use of encapsulated fertilizers is safe for growing plants.

9

Beton zbrojony włóknami recyklingowymi PET z butelek po napojach

Szpetulski Jacek, Stawiski Bohdan

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2021

|

R. 92, nr 11-12

126--128

PL

Idea zastąpienia zbrojenia w betonie innym, mniej energochłonnym materiałem jest bardzo kusząca. Od pewnego czasu czynione są próby wzmacniania betonu włóknami z butelek plastikowych PET. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania wytrzymałości betonu na ściskanie i zginanie zbrojonego „włóknami” z politereftalanu etylenu PET pozyskanego z butelek po napojach. W poszczególnych seriach betonu długości włókien PET były różne: 32 , 62 i 93 mm. Najkorzystniejsze wyniki uzyskano z włóknami 62 mm. Porównano je z fibrobetonem zbrojonym włóknami polipropylenowymi PP, stalowymi i bez zbrojenia rozproszonego.

EN

The idea of replacing the reinforcement in concrete with another, less energy-consuming material is very tempting. For some time, attempts have been made to strengthen concrete with fibers from PET plastic bottles. The article presents the results of testing the compressive and bending strength of concrete reinforced with „fibers” made of polyethylene terephthalate PET obtained from beverage bottles. In each series of concrete, the lengths of PET fibers were different: 32, 62 and 93 mm. The best results were obtained with 62 mm fibers. They were compared with fibrobeton reinforced with PP polypropylene fibers, steel and without dispersed reinforcement.

10

Circular economy: comparative life cycle assessment of fossil polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and its recycled and bio-based counterparts

Rybaczewska-Błażejowska Magdalena, Mena-Nieto Angel

Management and Production Engineering Review

|

2020

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Vol. 11, No. 4

121--128

EN

The transition to circular economy requires diversifying material sources, improving secondary raw materials management, including recycling, and finally finding sustainable alternative materials. Both recycled and bio-based plastics are often regarded as promising alternatives to conventional fossil-based plastics. Their broad application instead of fossilbased plastics is, however, frequently the subject of criticism because of offering limited environmental benefits. The study presents a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of fossil-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET) versus its recycled and bio-based counterparts. The system boundary covers the plastics manufacturing and end-of-life plastic management stages (cradle-to-cradle/grave variant). Based on the data and assumptions set out in the research, recycled PET (rPET) demonstrates the best environmental profile out of the evaluated plastics in all impact categories. The study contributes to circular economy in plastics by providing transparent and consistent knowledge on their environmental portfolio.

11

A Study on Improving Dyeability of Polyester Fabric Using Lipase Enzyme

Kumar Jeyaraman Anandha, Kumar M. Senthil

Autex Research Journal

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2020

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Vol. 20, no. 3

243--249

EN

Enzymatic hydrolysis on synthetic fibers enhances the hydrophilicity and solves the concerns regarding the environmental issues of textile industry. Lipase hydrolyses ester linkages in polyethylene terephthalate and produces polar hydroxyl and carboxylic groups. The study aims to identify and investigate the effect of enzyme treatment on weight loss and surface modification of polyester fabrics. Also the functional groups present before and after treatment and the effect of enzyme treatment on the improvement of dye uptake are studied. The test indicates that enzymatic process creates less surface damage, weight loss and improved moisture regain, dye uptake, and shear properties.

12

Evaluation of the Utility of Using Classification Algorithms when Designing New Polymer Composites

Dębska Bernardeta, Dębska Barbara, Lichołai Lech

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 8

212--225

EN

Polymer composites are the materials that can be successfully used in the places where high mechanical strength and chemical resistance as well as low absorbability are required. These unique features of polymer composites are obtained mainly due to a suitably selected binder, i.e. a synthetic resin. At the same time, this component accounts for the high production costs of these materials. Partial substitution of the resin with glycolisates obtained using poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste (PET), helps reduce the price of polymeric mortars, while maintaining favourable physicomechanical properties. This modification method also has a beneficial effect on the environment, as it allows the utilisation of a very common waste, which is difficult to dispose of. The article concerns three types of resin mortars, i.e. epoxy, polyester and polyester with the addition of colloidal silica, modified with PET glycolisate. On the basis of the obtained data set and database knowledge mining techniques, such as discriminant analysis and decision trees, it was shown to what extent the type of resin and the presence of an added modifier differentiate the mortar properties. The results obtained with both methods were compared. It was confirmed that these techniques are effective both in the classification and prediction of the type (selection) of mortar in the process of designing new composites.

13

Evaluation of the Interaction Among Microalgae Spirulina sp, Plastics Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polypropylene in Freshwater Environment

Khoironi Adian, Anggoro Sutrisno, Sudarno

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 6

161--173

EN

The annual plastic production in Indonesia has exceeded 4.6 million tons and accumulated in the aquatic system. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and Polypropylene (PP) are the most widely used plastics in manufacture of packaging, fibres, and drinking bottles, etc. The degradation of these plastics to micro sizes leads to environmental threats, especially when the micro plastics interact with fresh water microorganism such as microalgae. Therefore, the study on the interaction between micro plastics and microorganisms is really important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of microplastics on the growth of microalgae Spirulina sp and also to evaluate the contribution of microalgae Spirulina sp to the plastic degradation. The interaction between microalgae and microplastics was evaluated in a 1 L glass bioreactor contained microalgae Spirulina sp and PP and PET microplastics with the size of 1 mm at various concentrations (150 mg/500 mL, 250/500 mL and 275 mg/500 mL) for 112 days. The results showed that the tensile strength of micro plastic PET decreased by 0.9939 MPa/day while PP decreased by 0.1977 MPa/day. The EDX analysis of microplastics showed that the decreasing carbon in PET (48.61%) was higher as compared to PP (36.7%). FTIR analysis of Spirulina sp cells showed that the CO2 evolution of cells imposed by PET microplastic was higher than imposed by PP. The growth rate of Spirulina sp applied by micro plastic was lower than the control and the increase of microplastic concentration significantly reduced the growth rate of algae by 75%. This research concluded that biodegradation has important role in the degradation process of plastic.

14

Guma i politereftalan etylenu z recyklingu : składniki materiałów budowlanych

Adamczyk-Królak I.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Budownictwo

|

2018

|

Z. 24 (174)

9-12

PL

W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe metody recyklingu obejmujące ponowne wykorzystanie gumy użytej do produkcji opon samochodowych oraz butelek plastikowych (tj. politereftalanu etylenu potocznie zwanego PET) ze wskazaniem możliwości ich ponownego wykorzystania w materiałach budowlanych. Przedstawiono, jak recykling gumy i politereftalanu etylenu może stanowić podstawę do uzyskiwania materiałów budowlanych, które z chwilą wykorzystania ww. produktów poodpadowych uzyskują pożądane właściwości zwiększające efektywność ich zastosowania w budowlanych rozwiązaniach materiałowo-konstrukcyjnych. Podano również przykłady takich materiałów. Zwrócono uwagę, że umiejętne gospodarowanie obejmujące wykorzystywanie omawianych odpadów przyczynia się wydatnie do ochrony środowiska naturalnego. W podsumowaniu wskazano na skuteczność zastosowań zarówno gumy, jak i płatków PET do produkcji kompozytów redukujących oddziaływania mechaniczne oraz redukujące propagację fal mechanicznych.

EN

The article presents the basic methods of recycling including the reuse of rubber used for the production of car tires and plastic bottles (i.e. polyethylene terephthalate colloquially known as PET) with an indication of the possibility of their reuse in building materials. It was presented how the recycling of rubber and polyethylene terephthalate can form the basis for obtaining building materials, which due to the use of the above–mentioned post–waste products, obtain the desired properties that increase the efficiency of their use in building materials and construction solutions. The examples of such materials are also given. It was pointed out that the skillful management involving the use of the discussed waste contributes significantly to the protection of the natural environment. In the final summary, the effectiveness of applications of both rubber and flakes of PET for the production of composites reducing mechanical impacts and reducing the propagation of mechanical waves was indicated.

15

Hydroliza alkaliczna cenną metodą recyklingu poli(tereftalanu etylenu)

Bodzek-Kochel M., Sołtysik B.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2016

|

T. 95, nr 6

1161--1163

PL

Zaprezentowano metody przetwarzania odpadowego poli(tereftalanu etylenu) ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem recyklingu hydrolitycznego. Opisano warunki prowadzenia procesu zasadowej depolimeryzacji PET, w których możliwe jest otrzymywanie kwasu tereftalowego oraz glikolu etylenowego.

EN

A brief review, with 30 refs., of methods for decompn. of the title polymer to terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.

16

Silvering of Inert PET-Textile Materials by Means of One-Bath and Two-Bath Methods and their Characteristics

Onggar T, Hund H, Hund R D, Cherif C

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

|

2014

|

Vol. 22, no. 1 (103)

108--114

EN

The metallised textile material available on the market is not suitable for several applications because of its uneven metal layer with imperfections on the fibre surface, which leads to a lack of adhesion and failures of the metal layer, impairing further processing as well as the functioning of the metallised textiles. Furthermore the wet-chemical metallisation of textile substrates has so far been limited to only a few polymers (polyamide). In the framework of this work, the scientific basis for the antimicrobial and electrical functionalisation as well as modification of inert textile material made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was acquired. Since textiles produced from PET have an inert and hydrophobic surface, which means they do not have functional groups, a wet-chemical one-bath and two-bath metallisation method was developed to permanently attach silver and silver compounds to the chemically inert fibre surface.

PL

Metalizowane materiały włókiennicze ogólnie dostępne często nie nadają się dla szeregu zastosowań ze względu na nierównomierną warstwę metaliczną, zakłócenia powierzchni włókien i brak adhezji. Równocześnie należy stwierdzić, że mokry proces chemicznego metalizowania tekstyliów jest ograniczony tylko do niektórych polimerów, głównie poliamidów. Opracowano naukowe podstawy funkcjonalizacji powierzchni materiałów w kierunku uzyskania właściwości elektrycznych oraz antymikrobowych, zwracając szczególną uwagę na pokrywanie materiałów włókienniczych z PET. Opracowano metodę pokrywania materiałów w procesie jednej lub dwóch kąpieli, biorąc pod uwagę hydrofobowość materiałów PET, jak również brak grup funkcyjnych na ich powierzchni. Uzyskano możliwość trwałego pokrywania powierzchni włókien srebrem oraz stopami srebra.

17

Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study of an Air drawing Model of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Polymer and Model of Air Jet Flow Field in the Spunbonding Nonwoven Process

Bo Z

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

|

2014

|

Vol. 22, no. 1 (103)

89--96

EN

An air drawing model of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer and one of the air jet flow field in the spunbonding process are established. The air jet flow field model is solved and simulated by means of the finite difference method. Numerical simulation computation results of the distributions of air velocity match quite well with the experimental data. The air drawing model of the polymer is solved with the help of distributions of air velocity measured by Particle Image Velocimetry. The model’s predictions of filament fiber diameters, crystallinities and birefringences coincide well with the experimental data. Therefore it can be concluded that a higher initial air temperature can yield finer filament fiber diameter, and a higher initial air velocity can produce a finer fiber diameter as well. The experimental results show that the agreement between the results and experimental data is much better, which verifies the reliability of these models. Also they reveal great prospects for this work in the field of the computer assisted design (CAD) of the spunbonding process.

PL

Opracowano model przepływu powietrza nadmuchiwanego przy wytwarzaniu włóknin spunbonded z PET. Model pola przepływowego powietrza wydmuchiwanego z dyszy został rozwiązany i zasymulowany za pomocą metody skończonych różnic. Wyniki numerycznej symulacji rozkładu prędkości powietrza zgadzają się z wynikami eksperymentalnymi mierzonymi za pomocą analizy obrazu cząstek. Przewidziane w wyniku analizy modelu średnice włókien, krystaliczność i dwójłomność zgadzają się z wynikami doświadczalnymi. Dlatego można wnioskować, że wyższa temperatura początkowa może prowadzić do cieńszych włókien, podobnie jak wyższa prędkość początkowa. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonej analizy, sposób rozwiązania tego zagadnienia może być pomocny przy projektowaniu procesu otrzymywania włóknin w systemie spunbonded.

18

New concrete additive by chemical recycling of PET

Mendivil-Escalante J M, Almaral-Sánchez J L, Gómez-Soberón J M, Arredondo-Rea S P, Corral-Higuera R, Castro-Beltrán A, Cabrera-Covarrubias F G

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2014

|

Vol. 8, nr 23

1--5

EN

Due to the problem that represents the accelerated production of waste from the consumption of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), it becomes necessary to look for alternative solutions; chemical recycling is a suitable method for conversion into a material with potential application in concrete additive, such as unsaturated polyester resins; with the above improvements and conservation of non-renewable raw materials can reduce the environmental impact. This investigation was focused on obtaining the synthesis of a polymeric resin by the method of glycolysis, and their characterization by Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR); the results show that the recycled materials (PET and its processing) are similar to reagents made from primary materials so that it is considered feasible to use in the intended application.

19

Wpływ stopnia filtracji na własności wytrzymałościowe trójwarstwowej folii z PET

Rojek M., Wróbel G., Bagsik R., Szymiczek M.

Przetwórstwo Tworzyw

|

2013

|

[R.] 19, nr 1 (151)

41--45

PL

W ramach pracy scharakteryzowano proces filtracji materiałów polimerowych. Przedstawiono wady i zalety procesu filtracji, który jest wykorzystywany przy recyklingu termoplastycznych materiałów polimerowych. Omówiono proces recyklingu surowcowego politereftalanu etylenu (PET). W ramach badań przygotowano próbki z folii wytworzonej na wytłaczarce z trzema zestawami sit filtracyjnych. Zadaniem sit jest oczyszczenie roztopionego materiału. Po przeprowadzeniu filtracji, zostały pobrane próbki folii odpowiadające poszczególnym zestawom sit. Próbki poddano badaniom własności wytrzymałościowych.

EN

With the paper the filtration process of the polymer materials is characterized. The pros and cons of the filtration process, which is applied during the recycling of thermoplastic polymer materials are discussed. Presented is the process of the recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Within the frame of the research the samples of film produced with the use of extruder with three sets of filtration sieves are prepared. The role of the sieves is the purification of the melted material. After the completion of the filtration, the samples of the film are taken. They are corresponding to the individual sets of nets, which were subjected to the examination of the strength properties.

20

Wpływ modyfikacji na odporność cieplną i ogniową kompozytów PET/PPS/BT

Knitter M., Gintow K.

Przetwórstwo Tworzyw

|

2013

|

[R.] 19, nr 3 (153)

201--204

PL

W niniejszej pracy zbadano wpływ nanocząstek ceramicznych na właściwości cieplne i palność kompozytów polimerowych. Przedmiotem badań były kompozyty na bazie politereftalanu etylenu (PET) modyfikowanego polisiarczkiem fenylenu (PPS) i tytanianem baru (BT). Materiały o stałym stężeniu PPS - 10% i zmiennym tytanianu baru: 0,05; 0,5; 1% wytworzono na drodze technologii wytłaczania i wtryskiwania. Określono odporność cieplną wytworzonych kompozytów poprzez oznaczenie temperatury mięknienia metodą Vicata oraz przeprowadzono próbę odporności ogniowej UL 94. Próba poziomego palenia wykazała, że wszystkie kompozyty należą do klasy szybkości palenia HB a wraz ze wzrostem zawartości BT, maleje czas poziomego palenia się próbek. Próba pionowego palenia potwierdziła tą tendencję. Wszystkie badane materiały sklasyfikowano do klasy palności V-2. Zauważono, że w porównaniu do czystego polimeru, modyfikowane polimery charakteryzowały się większą stabilnością procesu palenia. Badania temperatury mięknienia wykazały, że wraz ze wzrostem stężenia tytanianu baru, wzrasta temperatura mięknienia kompozytów PET/PPS/BT.

EN

In this study, the effect of nanoparticles on the properties of ceramic thermal and flame retardant polymer composites. The subject of the study were composites based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) modified polysulphide sulfide (PPS) and barium titanate (BT). Materials with a fixed concentration of PPS - 10% and volatile barium titanate: 0.05, 0.5 and 1% were prepared by extrusion and injection molding. Specified thermal resistance of composites made by determining the method of Vicat softening temperature and fire resistance test was conducted UL 94. Attempting horizontal smoking showed that all belong to the class of composite burning rate and HB with increasing BT, decreasing the burning time of the horizontal sampling. Trying vertical burning confirmed this trend. All tested materials were classified into the class V-2 flammability. It is noted that, compared to the pure polymer, the modified polymers were characterized by a more stable combustion process. Softening point tests showed that with the increase in concentration of barium titanate, the softening temperature rises composite PET/PPS/BT.